The transformation of the political landscape in West Eurasia can be attributed to the

Roman Empire, the decline of its Western segment, and the consequential Great

Migration era. The influence of these events on the demographic composition of various

regions, such as the Iberian Peninsula, remains not fully elucidated. We have collected

genome-wide data from 255 newly reported ancient individuals from Iberia spanning

from the Roman era to the Great Migration period. The Roman presence in the peninsula

dates back to the 3rd century BCE and was fully annexed by the 15t century BCE. It

remained intricately connected with the broader Mediterranean through Roman roads

and sea routes until its collapse in the Sth century. Our findings reveal that the

populations in Roman-period Iberia were as diverse as those in other central and western

Mediterranean regions, like central Italy (Antonio et al. 2019) and the Danubian frontier

(Olalde 8: Carrion et al. 2023). Historical records indicate the impact of various groups on

Iberia in the Sth century, including Germanic tribes (Buri, Suevi, Vandals $ Visigoths) and

Sarmatian people (Alans). While some, like the Suevi, established kingdoms, the

joths formed the most significant Germanic kingdom in the late Sth century,

persisting until the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century. Despite the identification of

individuals with Germanic ancestry at specific sites, overall, we observe a remarkable

degree of population continuity in Roman-period Iberian populations. Thus, indating

limited demographic changes during this era. The close interconnections of these

Germanic groups are evident in the discovery of close relatives at distant archaeological

sites.