Chapter 4 Personality in the workplace LEARNING OBJECTIVES “ > Describe personality, the way it is measured, and the factors that shape it. > Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality framework and its strengths and weaknesses. > Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model > Demonstrate how the Big Five traits predict behavior at work. » Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior. > Contrast terminal and instrumental values. > Compare generational differences in values, > Identify Hofstede'’s five value dimensions of national culture. HRM ch 4: Personality DrSamartltanbouly 2Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It > Person-job fit theory: A theory that identifies six personality types and proposes that the fit between personality type and occupational environment determines satisfaction and turnover. > Holland presented six personalities and proposed that satisfaction and the propensity to leave a position depend on how well individuals match their interests to a job. HRM: Ch As Rersonalty Dr Samar eanbouly = Holland's Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations _ eiog ements Crete Occupations 1) Realistic: Prefers physical | Shy, genuine, Mechanic, drill activities that require skill, persistent, stable, | press operator, strength, and coordination conforming, assembly-line practical worker, farmer 2) Investigative: Prefers Analytical, original, | Biologist, activities that involve curious, economist, thinking, organizing, and —_ independent mathematician, understanding. news reporter 3) Artistic: Prefers ambiguous _| Imaginative, Painter, musician, and unsystematic activities | disorderly, idealistic, writer, interior that allow creative expression | emotional, decorator impractical7d 4) Social: Prefers activities that involve helping and developing others Sociable, friendly, cooperative, understanding ferric’ Ceres Social worker, teacher, counselor, clinical psychologist 5) Conventional: Prefers rule- regulated, orderly, and unambiguous activities Conforming, efficient, practical, unimaginative, Accountant, corporate manager, bank teller, file clerk inflexible 6) Enterprising: Prefers verbal | Self-confident, _| Lawyer, real estate activities in which there are | ambitious, agent, public relations ‘opportunities to influence _| energetic, specialist, small others and attain power __domineering. _| business manager Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It > Person-organization fit A theory: that people are attracted to and selected by organizations that match their values and leave when there is no compatibility. > Using the Big Five terminology, Research on person organization fit has also looked at whether people's values match the organization's culture. » Amatch predicts job satisfaction, commitment to the organization, and low turnover HRM: Ch As Rersonalty Dr Samar eanbouly -Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It > Personality: is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. > The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys in which individuals evaluate themselves on a series of factors such as “I worry a lot about the future.” > In general, when people know their personality scores are going to be used for hiring decisions, they rate themselves much higher on desirable traits. HRM: Ch As Rersonalty Dr Samar eanbouly Describe Personality, the Way It ls Measured, and the Factors that Shape It > Personality Determinants Is personality the result of heredity or environment? > Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. > The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual's personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes. HRM Ch 4 Personality DrsamarttanboulyDescribe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It > Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics. > Shy, aggressive, submissive obedient, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid /fearful. » These are personality traits. » Early efforts to identify the primary traits that govern behavior often resulted in long lists that were difficult to generalize from and provided little practical guidance to organizational decision makers. HRM-ch 4: Personality DrSamartltanbeuly Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Frameworkand Its Strengths and Weaknesses ‘One of the most widely used personality framoworks is the Myors-Briggs Type Indicator (METI > Extraverted (E) versus Introverted | | > Thinking (T) versus Feeling (I). Extraverted individuals are (F). Thinking types use reason outgoing, sociable, and assertive. and logic to handle problems. Introverts are quiet and shy Feeling types rely on their personal values and emotions. > Sensing (S) versus Intuitive (N). | Judging (J) versus Perceiving Sensing types are practical and (P). Judging types want control prefer routine and order, and they and prefer order and structure. focus on details. Intuitive rely on Perceiving types are flexible unconscious processes and look at and spontaneous” the “big picture” HRM-Ch Personality rSamarEanboulyDescribe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Frameworkand Its Strengths and Weaknesses » Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) > Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) > Thinking or Feeling (T or F) > Perceiving or Judging (P or J) > INTJs are visionaries, > ESTJs are organizers. > ENTPs are conceptualizers. HRM-Ch 4: Personal DrSamartanbouly ” + The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most widely used personality frameworks. It is essentially a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel or act in particular situations. + Based on the answers individuals give to the test, they are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or |), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and perceiving or judging (P or J). + These classifications are then combined into sixteen personality types. + The MBTI has a place in training and development, since it can help employees to better understand themselves. It can also provide aid to teams by helping members better understand each other HRI-Ch 4: Personality DrSamarEltanbouly 2