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1 Researchers have devised a process of artificial photosynthesis. They use gold nanoparticles as
a catalyst to utilise green light to convert carbon dioxide to fuels, such as propane.

Suggest the advantages to the environment of using artificial photosynthesis on a large scale.

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2 The diagram shows the positions of the different tissues in part of a dicotyledonous leaf.

Identify the tissues described in the table by:

• drawing label lines with the corresponding letter on the diagram and
• stating the name of each tissue in the table.

The label, line and name of the tissue for letter P has been completed for you on the diagram and
in the table.

letter description name of the tissue

a protective transparent layer that allows light to

P upper epidermis
reach the inner tissues

Q conducts water from the stem

R contains many interconnected air spaces

S transports sucrose and amino acids

traps the most light energy to synthesise

T
carbohydrates

[4]

[Total: 4]

3 State the effect of increasing humidity on the rate of transpiration.

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[Total: 1]
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4 Some students set up the apparatus shown in the diagram to compare transpiration in two sets of
leaves.

Set A was kept in a transparent bag and set B was left in the open air.

All other conditions were kept constant.

The mass of the leaves in each set was measured at the start of the investigation and after five
hours.

string line paper clip

clamp stand

transparent bag

set A

set B

Explain how transpiration occurred in the leaves shown in the diagram.

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5 Some students set up the apparatus shown in the diagram to compare transpiration in two sets of
leaves.

Set A was kept in a transparent bag and set B was left in the open air.

All other conditions were kept constant.

The mass of the leaves in each set was measured at the start of the investigation and after five
hours.

string line paper clip

clamp stand

transparent bag

set A

set B

Predict the results for this investigation.

Explain the reason for your prediction.

prediction .................................................................................................................................

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explanation ...............................................................................................................................

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[Total: 3]
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6 Some students set up the apparatus shown in the diagram to compare transpiration in two sets of
leaves.

Set A was kept in a transparent bag and set B was left in the open air.

All other conditions were kept constant.

The mass of the leaves in each set was measured at the start of the investigation and after five
hours.

string line paper clip

clamp stand

transparent bag

set A

set B

The students needed two additional pieces of apparatus to take measurements so that they could
calculate the rate of transpiration from their results.

State the two additional pieces of apparatus the students needed to take the measurements.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]
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7 Scientists measured the rate of photosynthesis in the leaves of a sunflower plant, Helianthus annuus.

The scientists used the apparatus shown in the diagram to measure the rate of photosynthesis.

direction of air flow

air flow regulator chamber 1 chamber 2 chamber 3

temperature 20 °C
CO2 360 ppm

CO2 400 ppm timer

00:00

The apparatus in the diagram maintains a constant temperature and a constant humidity.

Explain why the rate of photosynthesis will decrease if the humidity in the apparatus becomes very
low.

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[Total: 3]

8 Explain why some parts of a plant can act as both a source and a sink.

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[Total: 2]
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9 State two substances that are transported only in the phloem.

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[Total: 1]

10 The diagram shows some parts of a plant. The circle shows a magnified cross-section of part of
the stem.

State one letter from the diagram that is a structure that is an example of a source for sucrose
transport.

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[Total: 1]
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11 Phloem is used to transport sucrose and amino acids in plants. Sucrose is a carbohydrate.

Describe the uses of carbohydrates and amino acids in plants.

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12 The movement of sucrose in plants can be modelled using laboratory apparatus.

Diagram A shows the apparatus used to model the movement of sucrose in a plant:

• Partially permeable bags were attached tightly to the ends of tube Q.

• The bag representing a source was filled with a coloured sucrose solution.
• The bag representing a sink was filled with water.
• The containers and tube Q and tube S were filled with water.

diagram A

Diagram B shows the position of the coloured sucrose solution 30 minutes after the apparatus was
set up.

The arrows show the direction of the movement of the liquids.

diagram B

State the name of the tissue represented by tube Q and the name of the tissue represented by
tube S in diagram B.

Q ..............................................................................................................................................
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S ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

13 Roots can be an example of a sink.

Explain why sometimes roots act as a source rather than a sink.

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14 Aphids are used by investigators to discover how plants transport sucrose.

The photographshows an aphid with its mouthparts inserted into a plant stem to feed on the liquid
in the phloem.

A plant was put in a dark cupboard for several days.

Four aphids, A, B, C and D, were then placed on the plant in the dark cupboard as shown inthe
diagram.

Immediately after the aphids were placed on the plant it was observed that:
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• all the aphids ingested the same volume of liquid from the phloem

• aphid D ingested the highest concentration of sucrose.

Explain why aphid D ingested the highest concentration of sucrose.

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15 The rate of transpiration is affected by several factors including the temperature and the humidity
of the air.

State and explain the effect of an increase in temperature on the rate of transpiration.

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16 Explain the mechanism that is responsible for the movement of water in xylem vessels.

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17 When water is in short supply, plants can wilt as shown in the diagram below.

Wilting may look harmful, but it is often a strategy for survival.

Suggest the advantages to a plant of wilting.

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[Total: 2]
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18 Explain the role of phloem in plant transport. Use the words source and sink in your answer.

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[Total: 4]

19 Explain the mechanism of water movement from the roots up the tree to the leaves.

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