Chapter 1- Rationale & Background

Introduction

Peer influence plays a significant role in shaping students' academic performance and studies. The
interactions with peers can either positively or negatively impact educational outcomes. Positive
influences may include collaborative learning, motivation, and shared academic goals, while negative
influences can involve distractions, peer pressure to engage in non-academic activities, or even
academic dishonesty. Understanding and managing peer influence is crucial for maintaining a conducive
academic environment. In the context of academic performance and studies, peer influence can play a
significant role. Positive peer influence, such as supportive study groups or motivated classmates, can
enhance academic outcomes by fostering a conducive learning environment.

Kurt Lewin emphasized the importance of social context in shaping individual behavior. As the field
evolved, researchers like Solomon Asch and Stanley Milgram conducted experiments highlighting the
power of conformity and obedience within social groups. These studies laid the groundwork for
understanding how individuals are swayed by the opinions and actions of those around them. In
adolescence, peer influence tends to peak due to the heightened importance of social relationships
during this developmental stage. The influence of peers can extend to various aspects of life, including
academic choices, values, and behaviors. Understanding the background of peer influence provides
insights into its multifaceted nature and its impact on individuals in different social settings.

Harris (1995) suggests that an individual's peer group significantly influences their intellectual and
personal development. Indeed, children have many environments in which they must learn to navigate
and adapt to. J. R. Harris's (1995) theory that peer influence plays a central role in shaping personality
was tested from the data of the National Merit twin study (J. C. Loehlin & R. C. Nichols, 1976), by
examining whether members of 839 late-adolescent twin pairs who shared more friend

Negative peer pressure can lead teens in bad directions. It could lead them to try alcohol or drugs,
skip school or engage in other poor behaviors that could put their health at risk. “A teenager's brain is
only about 80 percent developed,” says Gurinder Dabhia, MD, a pediatrician at Scripps Clinic Rancho
Bernardo.

I chose this topic to investigate the impact of peer influence to the academic performance of grade 11
Humss.
GO

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of peer influence to their academic
performance.

The study is to examine the impact of peer influence to their academic study.

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

1. What is the level of peer influence of the students?

2. What is the level of academic performance?

3. Is there a signifacant relationship between peer influence and academic performance of

students?

HYPOTHESIS

There is no significance relationship between peer influence and academic performance.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is limited to students who have been experiencing peer influence impact on their academic
performance and studies in Nabulao National High School, Sipalay City, Negros Occidental. The study
focused on the impact of peer influence in Nabulao and the participants of this study are the students
who experienced the impacts of peer influence on their academic performance and studies.

6. Conceptual Framework

PEER INFLUENCE

Academic

performance
Significance of the study.

Studying the impact of peer influence on academic performance is significant because it helps identify
the social factors that contribute to students' success or challenges in their studies. Understanding how
peers influence study habits, motivation, and learning outcomes can lead to targeted interventions and
support systems. This research can inform educators, parents, and policymakers in developing strategies
to enhance positive peer interactions, ultimately fostering an environment that positively shapes
academic achievement and overall educational experiences.

Definition of terms

Peer influence - can be positive or negative. Coping well with peer influence is about getting the right
balance between fitting yourself and fitting in with your group

Academic grades- grading is used to evaluate and provide feedback on students work.

Chapter 2- Review of Related Literature ( RRL)

Foreign Literature

The collective research suggests that both school environment and peer influences significantly impact
students' academic performance. The study in Sabatia District of Vihiga County, as published in the
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science (2014), supports this claim. It employed Albert
Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which views learning as an interaction between the environment,
behavior, and psychological processes. The research found that both the school environment and peer
influence contribute significantly to students' academic performance.

In a similar vein, a study published in Prevention Science (2016) used Longitudinal Social Network
Analysis to examine how a social-emotional learning intervention could impact peer socialization on
academic performance among fifth graders. The results suggested that relationship-building
interventions could potentially influence academic performance.

Further supporting this, the Handbook of Social Influences in School Contexts (2016) posits that students
who enjoy positive relationships with their peers tend to have stronger and more adaptive emotional
well-being, self-beliefs, and values for prosocial behavior. These students also tend to be more
motivated, engaged, and excel in academic tasks compared to those with peer relationship problems.
Thus, facilitating and supporting the development of positive relationships among students is an
important challenge for educators.
The influence of peer groups on academic performance is a recurring theme across various studies. The
African Educational Research Journal (2019) conducted a survey to examine the influence of peer groups
on the academic performance of undergraduate students in selected departments at Babcock
University in Ogun State. The study emphasized the significant role that peer groups play in the social,
emotional, and academic development of students. Understanding the prospects and challenges of peer
groups is crucial for improving educational processes and designing effective school systems. The study
utilized a mixed-method design, incorporating a descriptive survey and ex post facto designs. The data
collected from the survey were analyzed using statistical methods such as Pearson Product Moment
Correlation Coefficient and Linear Regression Analysis.

Similarly, the Research Journal of Educational Studies and Review (2017) investigated the influence of
peer groups on adolescent students' academic performance in secondary schools in Tanzania. The study
involved 120 students and 24 teachers from both government and private secondary schools. The
research employed a case study design, utilizing qualitative and quantitative approaches. The findings
revealed that peer groups had both positive and negative influences on the academic performance of
adolescent students in the selected schools. Additionally, the Labour Economics journal (2018) analyzed
the interactions between peers and parents in the development of adolescents' cognitive skills and their
inclination towards risky behavior, specifically alcohol consumption. The study identified peer effects
through quasi-random assignment of students across classes and instrumental variables. The results
indicated that both peer and parental socialization efforts positively influenced adolescents' academic
skills, with peer effects being more pronounced when parents invested more. However, the study did
not find robust evidence of peer effects on the frequency of alcohol consumption, but parental
investment was found to decrease alcohol consumption.

The American Journal of Educational Research (2017) conducted a study to examine the relationship
between peer group influence and academic achievement among secondary school chemistry students
in selected schools in Jalingo metropolis of Taraba State. The research utilized a survey-causal-
comparative research design, involving a sample of 120 students randomly selected from three
secondary schools. Questionnaires and a Chemistry Achievement Test were administered to collect data,
which were analyzed using means, standard deviation, t-test, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation.
Similarly, a study focused on the influence of peer groups on the academic performance of secondary
school students in English language was conducted in Calabar Municipality of Cross River State, Nigeria.
The research employed a descriptive research design, with a sample size of 200 respondents selected
randomly through the simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires and an English Language
achievement test were used to collect data, which were validated and assessed for reliability.

Additionally, The Journal of Early Adolescence (2011) examined the role of three types of peer
relationships (reciprocated friendships, frequent interactions, and shared group membership) in
changes in academic self-concept and engagement during the transition to middle school. The study
utilized linear regression analyses to test socialization and social comparison processes. The results
indicated that each peer relationship type played a unique role in influencing changes in academic
adjustment, with stronger effects observed during the seventh grade. The Journal of Research on
Adolescence (2011) provides a comprehensive review of empirical and theoretical contributions to
understanding peer influence processes in adolescence over the past decade. The review highlights five
key themes in peer influence research, including the broadening of behaviors influenced by peers,
distinguishing sources of influence, investigating moderators that amplify or attenuate influence, testing
theoretical models of peer influence mechanisms, and exploring behavioral neuroscience perspectives.
The review acknowledges advances in these areas, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and outlines
important challenges for future research.

Furthermore, the Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences journal (2011) addresses the relationship
between peer influence and adolescents' school engagement. The study utilizes longitudinal analyses
and examines the indirect effects of peer influence through motivational factors such as locus of control
and academic expectation. The findings suggest that peers have a significant influence on the behavior
and development of adolescents, with perceived support from peers playing a role in motivating
students and emphasizing the importance of academic success.

Additionally, the Learning and Instruction journal (2018) investigates peer influence and selection effects
on adolescents' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement in school. The study utilizes a social
network approach and examines students in Finland. The results indicate that peers influence students'
emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement over time. The formation of new peer relationships is
influenced by similarity in behavioral engagement. Furthermore, the effects of peer influence and
selection on school engagement are moderated by student academic achievement.

The Addictive Behaviors journal (2004) highlights the importance of understanding predictors of early
initiation of drinking to develop successful preventive interventions. A survey conducted among sixth-
grade students revealed that school engagement was negatively associated with drinking initiation,
while peer influence and drinking expectancies were positively associated. The study also found that
parental expectations moderated the relationship between drinking expectancies and initiation.
Students with high drinking expectancies and low parental expectations were more likely to start
drinking. This finding emphasizes the role of parental expectations in moderating the influence of
drinking expectancies on early drinking initiation.

In Psychology in the Schools (2009), the influence of childhood peer relationships in the third grade on
school engagement in Grade 5 is explored. The study utilized longitudinal and multi-informant data from
the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth
Development. Peer friendship quality, support from friends, and aggressive behavior toward peers were
found to have unique relationships with school engagement. The findings highlight the importance of
considering peer relationships in promoting school engagement.
Furthermore, Youth & Society (2009) assessed the relationships between school engagement, parenting
practices, and peer affiliation among sixth to ninth graders over time. The study utilized latent growth
models and found that authoritative parenting practices fostered school engagement directly and
indirectly by discouraging affiliation with problem-behaving friends and facilitating school adjustment.
The findings suggest that parental involvement, expectations, and monitoring are positively associated
with school engagement.

In the SSRN paper (2020), the study focuses on the propagation of video games over the social network
of gamers on Steam, the world's largest video game platform. The research examines the discrepancy in
the impact of peer influence on cascades of adoptions by introducing a novel method called Revealed
Preference-based Matching Estimation. This method utilizes unsupervised machine learning algorithms
to match product adopters based on the similarity of their past adoption, allowing for the estimation of
the impact of peer influence on adoption.

In Quality & Quantity (2021), the study explores the factors impacting the use of technology
for Vocational Education and Training (VET) in India. The research examines the role of peer influence
and government support as moderators in the adoption of technology for VET. The findings highlight
that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of technology impact users' attitudes towards
actual technology use in VET. Additionally, the study emphasizes the moderating effects of peer
influence and government support on the intention to use technology for VET.

Furthermore, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2022) focuses on
the responsibility of enterprises for greenhouse gas emissions and the importance of disclosing carbon
emission information. The study analyzes the impact of external explicit institutional pressure
(environmental regulation and Confucian culture) on corporate carbon information disclosure. The
research also examines the mediating effect of enterprise peer influence in carbon disclosure. The
findings suggest that external institutional pressure positively influences carbon information disclosure,
and enterprise peer influence mediates this relationship.

The Journal of Adolescent Research (2000) examines the influence of parent-adolescent communication
about initiating sex and condoms on the relationship between peer norms and behavior. The study finds
that communication about sex and perceived peer norms about sex are related to sexual behavior, while
communication about condoms and peer norms about condoms are related to condom use behavior.
The relationship between peer norms and behavior is moderated by parental communication, with peer
norms having a stronger influence on behavior among adolescents who have not discussed sex or
condoms with a parent. The study suggests that a lack of communication may lead adolescents to turn
to peers, who can then influence their behavior.
In Academic Journals (2007), the focus is on peer influence among young adults' product purchase
decisions. The study finds that reference groups, including peers, play a significant role in influencing
individuals' purchase decisions. The research examines normative influence and informational influence
across various product categories, highlighting that the influence of peers varies depending on the type
of product.

Furthermore, Developmental Psychology (2005) investigates risk preference, risky decision-making, and
risk-taking behavior among different age groups in the presence of peers. The study reveals that risk-
taking and risky decision-making decrease with age. However, participants tend to take more risks, focus
more on the benefits rather than the costs of risky behavior, and make riskier decisions when in peer
groups compared to when alone. The influence of peers on risk-taking and risky decision-making is
stronger among adolescents and young adults compared to adults.

The Journal of International Consumer Marketing (2010) focuses on the factors influencing green
purchase behavior among young consumers in Hong Kong. The study addresses the increasing demand
for greener lifestyles in Chinese-based communities and examines both contextual and individual
factors. A survey was administered to a sample of 6,010 adolescent consumers. The hierarchical
regression analyses reveal that six factors predict the green purchase behavior of Hong Kong
adolescents, with peer influence, local environmental involvement, concrete environmental knowledge,
parental influence, environmental awareness, and media exposure to environmental messages being
the top predictors. The study proposes a model that illustrates the flow of influence from these top
predictors to green purchase behavior, and structural equation modeling confirms a good fit of the data
with the proposed model. The research concludes by highlighting the theoretical and practical
implications for international green marketing.

Chapter 3

Research Design

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of peer influence to grade 11 Humss
students in Nabulao National High School on their academic performance. The study will utilize
correlational quantitative design .

Participants of study
Nabulao National High school students will participate the study.

Local participant

The study conducted in Nabulao National High School , Sipalay City, Negros Occidental

Timeframe

The study will be carried out between August 2023 - July 2024. The study will go for whole school Year

Research instrument

As a data gathering instrument, the study will use a questionnaire

Data gathering procedure

The study will be use correlational design . This study will use questionnaire guide as gathering
instrument . We will conduct this study face-to-face in Nabulao National High School.

Data treatment

Ethical consideration

The researcher forbid information sharing and identifies of the participants in the study will remain
anonymous

Cost Estimates

Item Unit Quantity Unit price Sub Total

Bond paper Ream 2 reams 250 500

Print Pieces 200 pcs. 5 1,000

= 2,000