AMM 438 GTE SYSTEM

FUEL SYSTEM A00237212 Adi Taufa Maiwiriwiri.

1. What qualities should turbine fuels possess

 Be pumpable and flow easily under all operating conditions
 Give efficient combustion under all conditions
 Have as high a calorific(heat) value as possible
 Produce minimal corrosive effects on fuel system components

2. What 2 types of turbine fuels are in common use today?

 JET A and JETA-1 are in common use these days.
 They are widely utilized in commercial aviation and military aircraft operations globally
due to their availability and compatibility with turbine engines.

3. What are the differences between Jet A and Jet B fuels

 Jet A fuels are known as kerosene type jet fuels.
 Consist essentially of the heavier hydrocarbon fractions and are more dense wide cut
gasoline.
 Jet B fuels are known as wide cut Gasolines which are refined to contain various
mixtures of gasoline and kerosene.
 it holds up to a 50% fraction of crude oil.
 Less dense than kerosene type fuels due to the lighter hydrocarbon fractions.

4. What is the danger in mixing Jet A and Jet B fuels?

When these 2 fuels are mixed, the fuel-vapor mixture is in the ignitable envelope
throughout a much broader range of ground temperatures common at most operating
locations.

5. List the principal components in a turbine engine fuel system

Components of a GTE fuel system includes transmitters, aircraft boost pumps
(centrifugal /impeller) , shutoff valve, low-pressure fuel filter, relief valve, high-pressure
relief valve, high-pressure fuel filter and a fuel-cooled oil cooler.
6. Where is the fuel- cooled oil cooler usually located in the system? Why is it located at
this point?
 On many engines it is located between the fuel pump and the inlet to the fuel filter.
 It transfers heat from the oil to the fuel and so it prevents blockage of the filter elements
by ice-particles.

7. List the different types of fuel spray nozzles

 Simplex nozzle
 Variable-part nozzle
 Duplex nozzle
 Spill type nozzle
 Air spray nozzle

8. Describe the principal of operation of the Duplex fuel nozzle

 Requires a primary and a main fuel manifold
 Has 2 independent orifices, one smaller than the other.
 Smaller one handles lower flows while larger orifices deal with higher flows as fuel
pressure increases.

9. Why is manual fuel control not suitable for a GTE?

 The pilot would have to watch several gauges and make frequent adjustments to keep
the engine operating.
 If fuel is not controlled for the correct amount if velocity and air pressure than the
engine cannot work, thus it is not suitable.

10. What is a rich blowout? A lean die-out?

A rich blowout takes place when the mixture is too rich to burn.
Lean die out is when too little fuel enters the combustion chambers.

11. Name the operating conditions (parameter) which must be controlled to ensure efficient
and safer performance of a GTE engine?
 Ambient air pressure (Pamb)
 Compressor inlet temperature (CIT)
 Engine RPM
 Velocity of the air through the compressor
 Compressor inlet air pressure
 Compressor discharge pressure (burner pressure)
 Turbine inlet temperature
 Tail-pipe temperature
 Throttle/power lever setting
12. Which of the parameters requested in the previous question are generally employed in
the operation of an FCU?
 Ambient air pressure (Pamb)
 CIT
 Burner pressure
 Power lever /throttle position

13. What is a hydro-mechanical FCU?

 Is a fuel control unit that operates using hydraulics and mechanical means.
 It maintains a pressure drop across a throttle or fuel valve.

14. Describe the function of a fuel metering section in a hydro-mechanical FCU.

 It has a fuel metering valve across which a constant fuel pressure differential pressure is
established.

15. What is the function of the computing section?

 Accepts signals from the engine and the pilot which informs how much fuel should be
delivered to the fuel nozzle.
 This prevents excessive heat, stalling, surge or flameout.
 the computing section together with the power lever position controls the degree
opening of the valve which fuel flows through.

16. What engine operating parameters are utilized by the Honeywell DFC fuel control for the
TFE-731-5 engine?
 DFC fuel control utilizes a single power lever position (throttle) with dual idle thrust
(ground flight).
 The power lever angle input establishes thrust.
 The DFC outputs include a proportional drive for regulating fuel flow.

17. What feature allows channels A and B to communicate?

 A crosstalk capability where either channel can utilize data from each other, and operate
effectively, increasing reliability even though a number of faults may exist.
 Channel A- primary channel
 Channel B- Secondary or backup

18. How is the VSV servo activated in the FCU?

 Is typically activated by hydromechanical unit.
19. Describe the basic design of a fuel control for a turboshaft engine.
 It incorporates a gas generator and a power turbine system within the engine.
 Is compromised of 2 sections one which controls and senses the gas producer part of the
engine while the other senses the operation requirements of the power turbine section.

20. What is the difference between a supervisory EEC and a full-authority EEC?
A supervisory EEC includes a computer that receives information regarding various
engine operating parameters and adjusts a standard hydromechanical FCU to obtain the,
most effective operation whereas Full Authority EEC is a system that receives all the
necessary data for the engine operation and develops commands to various actuators. It
is mostly employed on advanced technology engines such as P & W series 2000 and
4000.

21. What benefits are derived from use of a full-authority EEC?

 The use of a full authority EEC results in substantial savings for the aircraft operator.
 Among these benefits are reduced crew workload, reduced fuel consumption and
increased reliability with improved maintainability.