ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET

Engineering and Technology

COLLEGE
1st Term; Academic Year _2023-2024____

GROUP 3: INDONESIA
INDONESIA
-The largest country in the Southeast Asia.
-It consists of five main islands namely:
a. Sumatra
b. Kalimantan
c. Java
d. Sulavesi
e. West Papua
-Jakarta, located in the island of Java, is the capital city of Indonesia.

WEST PAPUA
-It is the largest and most sparsely inhabited region of Indonesia. Vast areas of the island are still unexplored.
Sometimes referred to by environmentalists as the last great wilderness of Asia and Pacific.
-It is inhabited mostly by indigenous Papuans such as the tribe of Dani. They maintain their ancestral and
traditional customs and are virtually untouched by outside influence that up to this time most of them still live
subsistence or hunter gatherer tribal lifestyles. There were still reports of cannibalism and headhunting.

PAPUAN’S DWELLING
-Several traditional houses in Papua have ethnic characteristics, proving the diversity of tribes. They called their
houses Honai. Interestingly, Papuans live separately, by gender. Men and women were separated. Even the
husband and wife do not sleep in the same house. The husbands and sons sleep in men’s, while wives and
daughters sleep in women’s.

HONAI

-It is the most popular traditional house of West Papua.

Their houses are classified into three types: those for men are called Honai, those for women are called Ebei,
and for pigsty, it is called Wamai.

1. Honai

- “Hun” means adult male, and “Ai” means House. Hence, it is limited to men only.

2. Ebei

- “Ebe” means body, and “Ai” means woman. It is for adult females and infant boys. The name means that
women are the body for life as they give birth to a new life.

3. Wamai

-Special house for livestock. It usually contains farm animals, such as chickens, goats, pigs, and dogs.
More flexible in shape, ranging from circles or rectangles and is adjusted to the number of animals that
will enter it.

These three types of houses look exactly the same, it’s just that the house for the men is taller and larger.

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OFA HONAI

- The Honai houses seem like brownish mushrooms due to their rounded shape. Typically built up to 3-7 meters
tall with a diameter of 4-6 meters. It is divided into two levels, with a wooden ladder connecting them. The first
floor is used to gather and entertain guests, while the upper floor is used for sleeping.
-Made entirely of renewable natural materials. Its roof is made out of weed or straw with the roof closing down
to protect the entire surface of the walls being exposed to rainwater so it doesn’t enter the house.

-It has a circular wall with a woven bamboo and wood arranged circling the interior walls of the house and one
door at the front. The woods and bamboos are sharpened and plugged into the ground so it stands tall. The
structure lacks windows because the temperature in the local area can reach 10-15 degrees Celsius at night. The
floor is usually just the earth covered with dried grass. It has four support poles in the middle and fireplace to
chase out cold air at night. The poles are important materials as support.

-According to their belief, the position of the placement of the house door must meet the direction of the rising
or setting sun. This direction is considered to alert these residents in the event of a fire or an incoming attack.

-Honai usually houses 5 to 10 people.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF A HONAI

First, they would dig up the ground and then place a large, flat stone as the base for the base. After that, the
main pillar was placed on top of the boulder. The goal, so that the main pillar is not quickly weathered due to
water infiltration. Then the pole is placed at the midpoint of the Honai.

Furthermore, around the pole dug earth in the shape of a circle. Chopped boards with sharp ends are stuck or
planted following the circle that has been dug.

The distance between the main pole and the chopped board is adjusted to the area of the Honai you want to
make. Then each board that is planted, must be tied with rattan rope so that the wall of the board can stand
firmly.

The Papuans are most skilled at forming Honai circles without using any special tools.

After the pillars and walls of the Honai stand, then the roof frame is installed by tying woods to the main pillars
and walls of the Honai. Then the woods are arranged in a circle like an umbrella on top of the Honai.

Next, weeds or straw are collected and then tied up like tying a broom stick to be attached to the roof. Then
weeds or straw are tied to the roof frame using rattan rope. To prevent it from rotting quickly, the thatch roof is
smoked.

Furthermore, the Papuans make a fire in the Honai. The fire stove functions as a heater.

Meanwhile, to prevent rainwater from entering the Honai, they made drains around the Honai. This Honai
Traditional House can be used for 4-5 years.

Feedback:
Instructor’s / Professor’s

Signature
Instructor’s / Professor’s

Conforme: _________________
Learner’s Signature

IFSU-LAG-INS-F010
Rev.00(Jan.03,2022)