ASSESSMENT TASK SHEET

Engineering and Technology College

1st Term; Academic Year 2023-2024

Course Code: CE 328

Course Title: HYDRAULICS
Assessment Task No. 2
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SCORE:
Student’s Name: GUINILING, JOJIE D.
Program and Year Level: BSCE-3B ( ____)
Date of Submission: 03/07/24 ( )

DAMS
These are structures whose purpose is to raise the water level on the upstream side of river, stream,
or other waterway. The rising water will cause hydro static force which will tend the dam to slide
horizontally and overturn about its downstream edge or toe. The raised water level on the upstream edge or
heel will also cause the water to seep under the dam. The pressure due to this seepage is commonly called
hydro static uplift and will reduce the stability of the dam against sliding and against overturning.

TYPES OF DAMS

1. Gravity dam
Definition: Gravity dams are massive structures constructed from concrete or masonry that rely on their
weight to resist the pressure of water. They are typically straight-walled and rely on their sheer mass to hold
back the water.
Function: Gravity dams are suitable for sites with wide valleys and stable foundations. They are commonly
used for irrigation, water supply, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation.
2. Arch dam

Definition: Arch dams are curved structures that rely on the strength of the arch shape to support the
reservoir's water pressure. They curve upstream, allowing the water pressure to be transferred into the
abutments.

Function: Arch dams are suitable for narrow canyons or gorges where the abutments can withstand the
lateral pressure of the water. They are often used for hydroelectric power generation and water storage.

3. Buttress dam

Definition: Buttress dams consist of a series of vertical supports (buttresses) that transmit the water's force to
the foundation and abutments. They often have a relatively thin horizontal slab.

Function: Buttress dams are suitable for areas where the foundation is not strong enough to support the
weight of a gravity dam. They are used for hydroelectric power generation, water storage, and flood control.

4. Enbankment/Earth fill dam

Definition: Embankment dams are constructed using compacted earth, rock, or other fill materials. They
typically have sloping sides and a watertight core.
Function: Embankment dams are suitable for sites where materials for construction are readily available.
They are used for flood control, irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation.

5. Concrete Dams
Definition: Concrete dams are constructed entirely of concrete and can take various forms, including gravity,
arch, and buttress dams.
Function: Concrete dams are durable and suitable for sites where large quantities of concrete can be easily
transported and poured. They are used for hydroelectric power generation, water storage, flood control, and
irrigation.

6. Rockfill Dams
Definition: Rockfill dams, also known as earthfill or rock-filled dams, are constructed using a combination
of compacted soil and rock. They have an impermeable core and sloping sides.
Function: Rockfill dams are suitable for sites with wide valleys and abundant rock and soil materials. They
are used for flood control, irrigation, water supply, and hydroelectric power generation.

7. Composite Dams
Definition: Composite dams combine elements of different dam types, such as earthfill and concrete, to take
advantage of their respective strengths.
Function: Composite dams are designed to optimize cost, construction time, and performance. They are used
for various purposes, including hydroelectric power generation, water storage, flood control, and irrigation.

How to Analyze a Gravity Dam?

The weight of gravity dam will cause a moment opposite to the overturning moment and the friction
on the base will prevent the dam from sliding. The dam may also be prevented from sliding by keying its
base into the bedrock.

1. Gravity Dam Analysis

Step1
Consider 1 unit length (1 m length) of dam perpendicular to the cross section.
Step2
Determine all the forces acting:
A. Vertical forces
W = Weight of dam
FV = Weight of water in the upstream side (if any)
U = Hydrostatic uplift
Weight of permanent structures on the dam
B. Horizontal forces
FH= Horizontal component of total hydrostatic force
Wind pressure, wave action, floating bodies, earthquake load, etc.

Step3
Solve for the reaction
Horizontal component of the reaction
Rx=ΣFH
Vertical component of the reaction
Ry=ΣFV

Step4
Moment about the toe
Righting moment, RM
RM= Sum of all rotation towards the upstream side
Overturning moment, OM
OM = Sum of all rotation towards the downstream side

Step 5
Location of Ry as measured from the toe.

Factors of Safety

Factor of safety against sliding, FOS

Factor of safety against overturning, FOS

Where μ = coefficient of friction between the base of the dam and the foundation.
 2. Foundation Pressure
Eccentricity, e

If e≤B/6≤/6, Ry is within the middle third and the foundation pressure is trapezoidal acting from heel
to toe. If e is exactly B/6/6, the shape of foundation pressure is triangular also acting from heel to toe.

Feedback:
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Conforme: _________________
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IFSU-LAG-INS-F010
Rev.00(Jan.03,2022)