B.

Tech Final Year Project Presentation

On

IOT based Manhole Monitoring System

Presented By:
Abhay Verma (2019041002)
Amanpati Tripathi (2019041017)
Akshit Jaiswal (2019041013)
Aniket Gupta (2019041020)

Under Supervision of
Dr. Rajan Mishra, Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,

Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology,
Gorakhpur (UP), India

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 ABSTRACT

To keep the city clean, the sewage system needs to be regulated.

Drainage gets obstructed as a result of uneven sewage system
monitoring. Sewer flooding and pollution are primarily caused by
obstructions in the sewer system. Due to their ignorance of the
conditions inside the manhole, workers run the risk of getting hurt.
This model uses gas sensor, tilt sensor, water level sensor, and IoT
module to ensure that the module produces the required output. One
of the most frequent issues found is overflowing drains in the sewage
system, which gets worse during the rainy seasons when the officials
aren't aware of the overflowing drains. It causes waterlogging, which
encourages bug breeding, and is unhygienic for the nearby residents.
Our solution to this issue is an IoT system that instantly alerts city
officials of overflowing drains by email or notification at the city
control centre. A portable device powered by the Internet of Things
that is positioned underneath the manhole cover is the key element of
this solution.

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 INTRODUCTION

Many Indian cities have an underground drainage system that is

managed by theMunicipal Corporation to maintain a clean and
healthy environment. Due to poor maintenance, the water in the
drainage system is occasionally blended withpure water. The drainage
system can sometimes spread illnesses and infections. To address all
drainage system issues and notify the municipal corporation via Blynk
app about the drainage system's condition so that officials can take the
required actions to restore the drainage system. The gas produced
within the bio- waste drainage system can be detected using a gas
sensor. Emission of explosive gases can also happen inside the
drainage system. This design's goal is to use the sensor to monitor the
drainage system. Sensors keep an eye on the drainage when the
sewage system is blocked, water overflows, or the drainage lid is
removed. When one of these events occurs, the sensors send data to a
nearby municipal corporation official via integrated Wi-Fi, where the
water overflow and gas value are displayed live in the cloud for later
analysis. GPS coordinates for the drainage are also provided via the
Blynk Server. The water level is detected by two sensors, and if the
level exceeds the threshold value, an alert message is sent to the
person in charge. The output of the sensors is connected to the
Arduino microcontroller. It examines the previously defined threshold
level and sends a GSM alarm message to the person in charge, which
is tracked via IoT.

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM

Components Used

The following components are used in order to design the circuit

that will beused for detection-

- Arduino Board
- Tilt Sensor
- Gas Sensor
- Water level Sensor
- Lcd display

Software used-
- Arduino ide
- Embedded C++

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Details about the hardware used

1. Arduino Board –

Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board. It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a
power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller;

simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with
a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of
Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of
Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino,
now evolved to newer releases.

2. Tilt Sensor –

The tilt sensor is a component that can detect the tilting of an

object. It contains a metallic ball inside that will commute the
two pins of the device from on to off and vice-versa if the sensor

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 reaches a certain angle.

They are usually made by a cavity of some sort (cylindrical is

popular, although not always) and a conductive free mass
inside, such as a blob of mercury or rolling ball. One end of
the cavity has two conductive elements (poles). When the
sensor is oriented so that that end is downwards, the mass rolls
onto the poles and shorts them, acting as a switch throw.

3. Gas Sensor

The MQ-2 smoke sensor is sensitive to smoke and to the

following flammable gases: LPG, Butane, Propane, Methane,
Alcohol, Hydrogen.
The resistance of the sensor is different depending on the type of
the gas. The smoke sensor has a built-in potentiometer that allows
you to adjust the sensor sensitivity according to how accurate you
want to detect gas.
Metal Mesh protects the sensor and filters out suspended
particles, allowing only gaseous elements to pass through the
chamber. A copper-plated clamping ring secures the mesh to the
rest of the body.

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 4. Water Level Sensor

The sensor has ten exposed copper traces, five of which are
power traces and the remaining five are sense traces. These traces
are interlaced so that there is one sense trace between every two
power traces.
The power and sense traces form a variable resistor (much like
a potentiometer) whose resistance varies based on how much
they are exposed to water.

This resistance varies inversely with the depth of immersion of

the sensor in the water

 The more water the sensor is immersed in, the better

the conductivity and the lower the resistance.

 The less water the sensor is immersed in, the poorer

the conductivity and the higher the resistance.

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 CONCLUSION

Today, it's difficult to observe underground. This concept

provides abrand-new method for controlling the underground
system. This system provides an answer. This device can detect
temperature, clogs, andbad gases. The concept of smart cities
has been introduced, and anyone can operate them. It is a cheap,
speedy, and considerate choice. the intervention system The
technology that has been described determines the sewage water
level and then rapidly finds the obstacle that is inside.
Additionally, it names the noxious gases that comefrom sewage-
contaminated water. Additionally, the temperature within the
manhole was quite high. Additionally, temperature sensors may
be used to find it.

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 REFERENCES

1. S. H. Ahmed, S. Rani, ‘‘A hybrid approach, Smart Street use

case and future aspects for Internet of Things in smart cities,’’
Future Generation Computer Systems, 79, pp.941-951, 2018.

2. ALY, H.H., SOLIMAN, A.H. AND MOUNIRI, M., (2015).

Towards a fully automated monitoring system for Manhole
Cover: Smart cities and IOT applications. In 2015 IEEE First
International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)

3. G. Jia, G. Han, H. Rao, and L. Shu, ‘‘Edge computing-based

intelligent manhole cover management system for smart
cities,’’IEEE Internet Things of things.