Machine Translated by Google

Volume No. Year Month China Highway Journal

Article ID

Application and Research Progress of Steel Tube Concrete Bridge Tower Engineering

Liu Yongjian Sun Lipeng Zhou Xuhong Jianping Zhang Ning Li Hui
College of Highway, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, School Chang'an University Highway Large Structural Safety Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education Shaanxi

of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing

Shaanxi Province Four Subjects One Joint Bridge Engineering Intelligent Construction Technology School-Enterprise Joint Research Center Xi'an, Shaanxi

School of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University Yangling, Shaanxi

In order to deepen the understanding of concrete-filled steel tube towers and promote the application of steel tube concrete structures in

cable-bearing bridge towers The main problem of this paper is to optimize the structure of the existing CFST bridge tower from the

perspective of simple structure and high construction efficiency, then review the research progress on the local buckling performance of

the steel wall plate of the CFST bridge tower and the mechanical properties of the tower column, and give recommendations Finally, by

comparing with traditional reinforced concrete bridge towers and steel bridge towers, the technical characteristics and economical results

of steel pipe concrete bridge towers are analyzed. The study of local buckling theory is relatively unclear about the force transmission

performance of the weak steel-concrete interface. The structure of the current concrete-filled steel tube concrete bridge tower is too

complicated. The construction efficiency is poor. Steel siding has a stronger binding effect on concrete No need for reinforcement design

Can save steel consumption Simplify steel structure manufacturing process and on-site installation process Improve bridge tower

industrial manufacturing and assembly construction level Stiffened steel siding structural design considering the influence of local buckling
method and the calculation method of bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel pipe pylons is safer and more reasonable. The steel-filled

concrete pylons have design flexibility, high construction efficiency, and high disaster-bearing toughness. Expandable competition has

broad application prospects Key words bridge engineering steel pipe concrete bridge pylon overview composite structure bearing

capacity local buckling cable bearing bridge CLC number

Document code

Received Date

Fund Project National Natural Science Foundation of China

Special fund project for basic scientific research business expenses of central universities

About the Author Liu Yongjian Male Jiangxi Yushan Professor Doctoral Supervisor Doctor of Engineering
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Advantages of convenience and good economy

introduction
In terms of mechanical performance, the steel wall plate of the concrete-filled steel tube

The bridge tower is the main load-bearing component of cable-stayed bridges and bridge tower is subject to the unilateral restraint of concrete, which improves the local buckling

suspension bridges, which has a decisive impact on the safety, durability and beauty of the bridge. resistance and reduces the amount of steel used for stiffeners. Under the restraint of the steel wall

The demand is also constantly increasing, which puts forward higher requirements for the durability plate, the compressive strength of the core concrete also decreases. It can be improved so that the

and landscape of bridge towers. However, the reinforced concrete bridge towers widely used in steel tube concrete bridge tower has a higher bearing capacity. The middle tower of the multi-span

China are prone to cracking under the effects of concrete shrinkage, creep, constant live load and cable-stayed bridge or suspension bridge adopts the steel tube concrete bridge tower, which can

ambient temperature, and are used in many applications. It is inconvenient to shape and design use the steel wall plate to bear the tensile stress generated by the huge bending moment, and avoid

steel bridge towers for urban landscape bridges. To solve the problem of the stability of steel panels the cracking of the reinforced concrete bridge tower. In terms of construction efficiency, the steel

under pressure, a large number of stiffening structures need to be installed. The amount of steel wall panels of CFST bridge towers can be prefabricated in the factory and used as formwork for

used is high. The construction cost is high, and the workload of anti-corrosion coating during the concrete pouring. At the same time, the work of binding steel bars is omitted. The construction is

operation period is also high. The maintenance cost is also high. However, there is no problem of rapid and the degree of industrialization is high. In terms of maintenance, the filling of concrete inside

concrete cracking in the concrete-filled steel tube pylon. The amount of steel used is much lower the steel box improves the resistance of the steel structure. Corrosion performance The workload of

than that of steel pylons, and it also has a high bearing capacity for construction. anti-corrosion coating during the operation period is also much smaller than that of steel bridge

towers.
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Concrete structure refers to the composite structure in which concrete is filled in the closed Structural design method The completed concrete-filled steel tube pylons are usually one bridge,

section formed by the steel wall plate to form a composite section that is jointly stressed. It is one design concept and ideas are not unified, or waste of materials or weak links in the structure

different from composite structures such as composite steel pipe concrete columns and steel restrict the popularization and application of steel tube concrete bridge towers in cable load-bearing

pipe confined reinforced concrete columns. Round, rectangular, elliptical, dumbbell-shaped, bridges. In this paper, through the analysis of steel tube concrete The engineering application cases

round-end, rectangular, etc. In recent years, with the improvement of the structural shape and of bridge towers are compared with the concrete-filled steel pipe tower column structures

stress requirements of bridges, the size of the members has been increasing. More and more used in actual projects. Summarize the existing problems in the structural design of concrete-filled

concrete-filled steel tube members adopt box-shaped special-shaped cross-sections and steel pipe bridge towers. Combined with the relevant research results of reinforced concrete-filled

usually need to be placed on the wall. Stiffeners are arranged on the top to resist local buckling. steel pipe structures, the existing concrete-filled steel pipe concrete is analyzed from the

For large-size concrete-filled steel tube members with low steel content and special-shaped perspective of simple structure and efficient construction. Structural optimization of bridge pylons

cross-sections, such as the tower steel panels of the Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge, the Combing the local buckling performance of steel wall slabs of concrete-filled steel tube pylons

confinement effect on concrete is usually lower than that of small-size high-steel content cross- Research progress in axial compression, bias shear performance and long-term load performance,

section members. In order to improve the confinement Effect enhanced steel-concrete and then giving suggestions for the design of large-scale special-shaped cross-section concrete-

combination can set connectors at the steel-concrete interface to form concrete-filled steel tube filled steel tube pylons Methods Finally, the technical characteristics and economic analysis of steel

structures such as stiffened stud-connected and hybrid-connected structures. In addition, with pipe concrete bridge towers are carried out to evaluate the application prospects of such bridge

the development of material strength, high-strength steel-filled steel tube concrete and ultra- towers

high-strength steel-filled steel tube concrete structures are also gradually used in engineering.
Engineering application progress
It can be seen from the figure that CFST structures have various forms in engineering

applications. The generalized CFST structures described in this paper cover the various structural forms mentionedApplication
above. of engineering

There are a lot of research results on concrete-filled steel tube structures at home application The publicly reported application cases of concrete-filled steel tube pylons

and abroad, but the application of concrete-filled steel tube structures to bridge towers of can be seen in the table and figure. The design concept of the hexagonal steel box section

cable-bearing bridges is still in its infancy. The current research methods are mainly based on at that time was to use steel siding to replace the ordinary steel bars with complex structure

model tests. Wang Qian and Wang Chunsheng et al. Axial compression test was carried out and serve as the formwork for concrete pouring to improve the construction speed, but the

on the concrete-filled steel tube composite bridge pylon segment. According to its failure mode, restraining effect of the steel siding on the inner filling concrete and the resistance of the

a suggested calculation method for the axial load bearing capacity was given. Deng Lu et al. concrete to the steel siding were not considered. Improved buckling performance

The local model of the bridge tower with a scale ratio of 0.5 was used for eccentric compression

tests to study the strain change law and bearing mechanism of the steel tower wall and internal

concrete. Wang Xizhi et al. carried out model tests and finite element analysis for the As the application of circular concrete-filled steel tube structures in the construction

composite bridge tower with steel hollow concrete columns. Researched its failure form, load- field has matured, several cable-stayed bridges using circular steel-filled concrete pylons have

deformation relationship and force transmission mechanism, etc. Zhang Xigang et al. conducted been built in China over the years, including Zidong Bridge, Wan'an Bridge, Ronghu Bridge

an axial compression test on a hollow steel plate concrete composite tower column to study its and other circular steel-filled concrete structures. The strength of the core concrete is greatly

failure process, and used the finite element method to analyze the strength of the concrete. improved by making full use of the hoop effect of the steel pipe. However, due to the limitation

Steel plate thickness connectors The effect of form and other parameters on the axial of the circular section size by the manufacture of large-diameter steel pipes, it is only suitable

compression performance of the specimen Li Pingjie and others relied on the Shuangyu Island for cable-bearing bridges with small spans. The main spans of the above cable-stayed bridges

Bridge project to conduct a bias test on the hollow concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower are not large. Problems such as exceeding and the difficulty in the design of component

segment and analyzed the influence of the number of stiffeners and the hollow ratio on the connections restrict the application of circular sections in steel pipe concrete bridge towers

mechanical performance of the bridge tower

Using special-shaped welded steel box sections and rationally arranging stiffening

It can be seen that the existing experimental research is very limited and mainly based structures can break through the limitation of section size and shape, so that steel tube concrete

on confirmatory research. It lacks the local buckling performance of the steel wall plate of the bridge towers can be applied to cable-bearing bridges with long spans or special requirements

steel tube concrete bridge tower. The basic mechanical properties such as axial compression, for shape design. However, due to the constraint effect of special-shaped steel tube concrete

bias and shear resistance. Systematic research on optimization and other aspects can only be structures It is not as good as the circular steel pipe concrete. The relevant basic theory

used for reference in the relevant research results of CFST structures. However, due to the research is not enough. The design method is not mature. This kind of bridge tower was rarely

complex cross-section shape of CFST bridge towers, the large cross-section size cannot used in the cable bearing bridge before the year. In recent years, the span of the cable bearing

completely copy the existing CFST structures. bridge has been increasing. Come
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Table Incomplete statistics of engineering application of concrete filled steel pipe bridge towers

serial number bridge name bridge type Span arrangement The year the bridge site was built The height of the vertical tower Pylon form

alamiro bridge Seville

Single-tower cable-stayed bridge without back cables Inclined column
Spain

Zidong Bridge Twin-tower cable-stayed bridge Nanhai, Guangdong Columnar

Wan'an Bridge cable stayed bridge Chongqing Wanzhou Columnar

Changshan Road Bridge Single tower cable-stayed bridge Anhui Huaibei portalround

Ronghu Bridge Single tower cable-stayed bridge Jiangsu Wuxi Columnar

Houhu Bridge Single tower cable-stayed bridge Wuhan, Hubei Cylindrical round end

Gaokan Bridge Self-anchored Single Tower Suspension Bridge Shenyang, Liaoning Along the bridge to the two limbs

Liujiaxia Bridge Twin Tower Suspension Bridge Linxia, Gansu portalround

Beas Island Bridge Twin-tower cable-stayed bridge Zhangzhou, Fujian graphic

Lichuan Bridge cable-stayed bridge without back cables Guangdong Dongguan Slanted double-column curved tower chart

Lianchi Street Overpass Twin Towers Cable-Stayed Bridge Xingtai, Hebei Dumbbell twin towers

Long March Bridge Single tower cable-stayed bridge Anhui Lu'an slanted single-column round

Dongfeng Road Overpass Single Tower Cable-Stayed Bridge Jilin Siping Monocolumn chart

side tower Bridge to Diamond

Three-tower cable-stayed bridge of Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge Nanjing, Jiangsu
middle tower Pillar diagram

Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge self-anchored double-tower suspension bridge Xi'an, Shaanxi Along the bridge to the two limbs

Marina Bay Bridge Single tower cable-stayed bridge Under construction in Dongguan, Guangdong Monocolumn chart

The supporting project is currently the world's widest self-anchored suspension bridge. The lower tower

column adopts the steel pipe concrete structure. The Shiziyang Passage in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau

Greater Bay Area of Jiangsu Nantong Zhanggao River Crossing Passage is under planning.

Super long-span suspension bridges are also proposed to use concrete-filled steel tube towers

Considering that the research on traditional circular concrete-filled steel tube structures has been

quite mature, this paper mainly discusses the construction of large-scale welded box-section concrete-filled

steel tube bridge tower columns.

This section compares and analyzes the tower column structure of the completed steel pipe concrete

bridge tower to clarify the functions of each component of the tower column, clarify the problems existing in

the current tower column structure design and optimize the existing tower column structure

Concrete-filled steel tube bridge pylon column structure comparison is shown in the table. It can

be seen that the tower column is mainly composed of steel wall plates, longitudinal stiffeners, transverse

stiffeners, diaphragm structures, medial septum structures, steel-concrete interface connection structures,

ordinary steel bars and prestressed steel bars, etc. The section form is flexible and changeable The section

form of the tower column

Fig. Example of steel pipe concrete bridge tower project

The higher the welded box-section concrete-filled steel tube pylons, the advantages in load-bearing Concrete-filled steel tube column section thanks to the formwork action of the welded steel box

performance, shape design, and construction speed are gradually highlighted. Years later, several cable- The surface can be designed into various shapes such as single box, single room, single box, multi-room

bearing bridges using welded steel box-section concrete-filled steel tube pylons have been built in China. The or multi-box, multi-room according to the landscape requirements and force requirements, as shown in the

municipal landscape bridge has a high bridge. Lichuan Bridge, Dongfeng Road Flyover, etc. Nanjing Fifth figure. Rational layout of the direction of stress, such as the Gaokan Bridge’s double limbs, the round ends,

Yangtze River Bridge completed in 2009 is currently the world's largest span cable-stayed bridge using the rectangular Dongfeng Road Overpass, the oval-shaped Lianchi Street Overpass, and the dumbbell-shaped

concrete-filled steel tube pylons. section of the Lianchi Street Overpass are all conducive to resisting the bending moment along the bridge

direction.
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Table Contrast structure of concrete filled steel pipe bridge pylons and columns

Steel-concrete interface portrait horizontal Diaphragm Mediastinum

serial number bridge name Section form Column reinforcement

connection structure Stiffener Stiffener structure structure

Irregular hexagonal outer siding oval Stirrups secure steel to concrete

alamiro bridge Welded plate rib Rib Truss None
Shaped inner wall layout Jointly bear the shear force

Round end rectangle diagram of Gaokan Bridge Welding stud Rib rib angle steel Longitudinal reinforcement without stirrups

Pentagonal exterior siding with chamfered rectangle Stirrup Longitudinal Reinforced Cable Anchor
Beas Island Bridge Welded nail plate rib plate rib angle steel none

Inner wall plan Circumferentially prestressed steel tendons in the solid zone

Rectangular outer siding with chamfer Rectangular inner Longitudinal pre-preparation of reinforcement in the hole

Lichuan Bridge Diaphragm perforated steel plate

wall plan stress beam

Oval map of Dongfeng Road overpass Welding nail plate rib rib channel steel no no

Stirrup longitudinal reinforcement transverse

Dumbbell-shaped map of Lianchi Street Overpass none Ribbed flat steel plate without diaphragm
rebar

Welding studs for the quadrangular inner and outer wall panels of Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge Angle steel Angle steel Rebar in hole

Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge rectangle none Ribs without diaphragms Flat steel plates without

Figure column section unit

Hollow sections can be used when the column section is large, such as the Nanjing Yangtze River Steel siding and its stiffeners

Fifth Bridge. Hollow sections can also be used when tensioned cables need to be anchored in the The steel wall panels of large-scale concrete-filled steel tube bridge towers are usually super-

tower columns or maintenance ladders are installed, such as the Alamiro Bridge and the Lichuan Bridge. large aspect ratio panels that require vertical and horizontal stiffeners to improve the out-of-plane rigidity.
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Degree of resistance or delay of local buckling The diaphragm can also be used as the rigid stiffener of the steel wall. When the steel wall buckles,

Flat plate stiffener structure is simple and easy to arrange and widely used the longitudinal wave will form a node here. Therefore, the distance between the diaphragms determines the

But the stiffening stiffness obtained under the same amount of steel is not as good as that of shaped or aspect ratio of the buckling waveform of the steel wall, which affects its local buckling performance. Li Hui

shaped ribs. The flanges of shaped or shaped ribs are embedded in concrete, which limits the displacement Studies have shown that when the relative stiffness of the longitudinal stiffeners is small, reducing the

of the stiffeners and greatly improves the elastic support stiffness of the stiffeners to the wall panels. The diaphragm spacing, that is, reducing the aspect ratio can greatly increase the buckling coefficient. With the

stiffening effect is better. The steel wall panels of the tower columns of the Alamiro Bridge and the Gaokan increase of the relative stiffness of the longitudinal stiffeners, the effect of reducing the diaphragm spacing on

Bridge are all made of shaped or shaped stiffeners. The Lichuan Bridge and the Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth the buckling coefficient gradually It can be reduced only by arranging diaphragms according to construction

Bridge built in recent years have been built with open-hole steel plates. Rib Although the section of the flat requirements. The design code for highway steel structure bridges stipulates that the distance between

steel plate is weakened after the hole is opened, the concrete tenon in the hole limits the diaphragms is generally not greater than that of concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower steel box structures.

displacement of the stiffener. It can achieve the same stiffening effect as the shaped or shaped rib and can The distance between diaphragms can be determined according to the length of construction sections. It is

also be used as a connection structure for the steel-concrete interface. However, it needs to be considered advisable to arrange road transverse partitions in the construction section

during the construction stage. Reduced stiffness of the stiffeners due to openings ensures that the panels do

not undergo excessive out-of-plane deformation during concrete pouring mediastinal structure

The Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge uses angle steel as the lattice mediastinum mainly to prevent

the relative longitudinal displacement of the inner and outer steel panels during the construction process, but

it also has the disadvantage of a large number of rods, a small operating space, and complicated manufacturing.
However, the research on the local buckling performance of stiffened steel panels subject to

unilateral concrete constraints is not sufficient, and there are no relevant guidelines in the codes. The design

The Lichuan Bridge adopts perforated steel plate as the longitudinal diaphragm. The perforation is
usually refers to ordinary steel structure codes, and the local buckling of slabs caused by concrete unilateral

to ensure the free flow of concrete between cells during pouring and to ensure that the steel-concrete
constraints cannot be reasonably considered. The improvement of performance leads to too many stiffeners.

synergistically bears the force. The longitudinal diaphragm serves as the rigid stiffener of the steel wall plate
The amount of steel is too large. The steel structure of the steel tube concrete bridge tower is easily deformed

and actually divides the cross-section of the bridge tower. Multiple CFST columns improve the restraint effect
beyond the standard limit during the construction process of manufacturing, transportation,

of the steel slab on the inner concrete and the bearing capacity of the tower column. On the other hand, it is
installation and pouring of concrete. Setting the diaphragm structure can make the steel section

also convenient to divide the section according to the transportation and hoisting capacity. However, the layout
Maintain design shape and avoid excessive deformation during construction

of the longitudinal diaphragm should take the cell length The effect of width ratio on the bearing capacity of

tower columns Steel-concrete connectors Concrete-filled steel pipe towers are used as compression-bending

members The synergistic stress between steel panels and concrete needs to be realized
For the undivided cell section, angle steel or channel steel is often used to make lattice diaphragm

through shear connectors The connection structure, the force transmission mechanism, the static
and connect with steel wall plate through transverse stiffener, such as the drawing of Dongfeng Road Overpass

performance, the fatigue performance design method, etc. have all been developed and mature. Most of the
of Alamiro Bridge and Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge in Nanjing. A large number of angle steel diaphragms

steel pipe concrete bridge towers, such as the Alamiro Bridge built in the early days and the Dongfeng Road
are arranged between the inner and outer wall plates to form opposite tensions to improve the restraint effect

Overpass of the Beas Island Bridge built in recent years, have adopted welding. nail connector
on the core concrete, but there are disadvantages such as large number and types of rods, small operating

space, and complicated manufacturing. Use hollowed-out transverse partitions such as Lichuan Bridge and

Lianchi Street Overpass

With the increasing application of connectors in concrete-filled steel tube and steel-concrete joints,

their reliability has been verified by actual projects. The research on mechanical properties and force

transmission mechanism has been deepened and the calculation method of bearing capacity has been

continuously improved. For the first time, the steel pipe concrete bridge tower of the Lichuan Bridge adopts

steel plates with vertical and horizontal holes as the connecting parts between the steel wall plate and the

concrete. At the same time, it also serves as the stiffener of the steel wall plate, which simplifies the structure

of the steel box and eliminates the complicated procedures such as positioning welding of welding

nails. The Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge completed in 2009 is the first time that concrete-filled steel tube

towers have been used in long-span cable-stayed bridges. In order to make the

Figure Dongfeng Road overpass bridge tower section connection between steel panels and concrete more reliable, welding studs and two types of connectors are

used.
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

The research on the local buckling theory of the wall plate is relatively weak and has not yet formed a standard

specification. The wall plate of the concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower is usually designed according to the

ordinary steel structure design, and the contribution of concrete to the local buckling resistance of the steel wall

plate cannot be reasonably considered, resulting in a large amount of steel for the stiffener.

Due to the lack of clarity on the mechanical mechanism of the steel box and concrete bearing

the load of steel and concrete, the acceptance and distribution of steel and concrete have not formed a unified

understanding of key issues such as whether to consider the combination of steel and concrete, whether to

reinforce the reinforcement, and whether to set up shear connectors. For simultaneous setting and welding

studs The force distribution of the force transfer performance of the bridge tower steel-

Figure Lichuan Bridge Tower Section concrete interface between the two types of shear connectors is not clear, which may lead to the shear

connector becoming a weak link or the design is too conservative

However, there is also the problem of unclear force distribution of the two connectors, which may lead to an
Aiming at the problems existing in the structural design of the concrete-filled steel tube tower column,

overly conservative design. At the same time, a large number of welding studs reinforce the internal structure
based on the advantages of the reinforced concrete-filled steel tube concrete structure, the structure

of the steel box. Due to the different design concepts, the Lianchi Street Flyover and the steel pipe concrete
optimization of the existing concrete-filled steel tube column was carried out. A multi-cell reinforced concrete-

bridge towers of the Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge are not provided with shear connectors. The Lianchi Street Flyover filled steel tube column structure was proposed. The column is only composed of steel wall panels, longitudinal

is loaded by reinforced concrete tower columns, and only the steel siding is used as a permanent concrete
stiffeners, perforated transverse diaphragms, and longitudinal diaphragms with perforated concrete. Its

pouring. The load-carrying capacity of the formwork is used as a safety reserve. The lower tower
advantages are mainly reflected in high bearing performance and high construction performance.

columns of the Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge can be regarded as clustered rectangular concrete-filled steel tube

columns. The thickness of the steel wall plate reaches

The steel content of the section is high, and the confinement effect of the steel siding on the concrete

is fully utilized to improve the compressive strength of the core concrete, but the amount of steel is too high

reinforcement

Due to different design intentions, the reinforcement methods of concrete-filled steel pipe bridge
Fig. Structure optimized reinforced concrete-filled steel tube bridge tower

towers can be summarized as follows: the design of steel wall panels is completely based on traditional

reinforced concrete components, and the steel panels are only used as formwork for concrete pouring during Stiffeners are used to make use of the anchoring effect of concrete tenons to obtain sufficient

construction, such as Gaokan Bridge, Shuangyu Island Bridge, and Lianchi Street Overpass. Steel siding stiffening stiffness with a small stiffener cross-section and to optimize the design of reinforced steel wall panels

replaces part of the longitudinal reinforcement to solve the problem of concrete tension cracking, and at for CFST bridge towers based on the research results of the local buckling theory of slabs constrained by

the same time greatly simplifies the reinforcement structure of the tower column, but it is still calculated concrete on one side. Sectional longitudinal partitions divide the cross-section of the tower column into multiple

according to reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete components. The combined effect of steel and cells, similar to the force-bearing members composed of multiple rectangular steel tube concrete, which

concrete is only used as Safety reserves such as the Alamiro Bridge, Lichuan Bridge and the Fifth Nanjing improves the restraint effect of the steel wall plate on the core concrete in each cell, so the

Yangtze River Bridge. Since the Lichuan Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge with curved towers and curved girders, tower column can be canceled according to the steel tube concrete structure design. The ribs meet the force

the tower columns of the cable-stayed bridge are subject to compression, bending, shearing, and torsion. To requirements by adjusting the thickness of the section size steel wall plate and the layout of the partition

avoid concrete cracking, longitudinal prestressing is also provided. The steel beams are completely designed

according to the concrete-filled steel pipe components, and the combined effect of the two materials is fully

utilized. No reinforcement is required, such as the lower tower column of the Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge and the The use of connectors without cylindrical head welding studs can not only ensure the

circular concrete-filled steel pipe tower column built earlier. The comparative analysis of the example of column transmission of the interface shear force of the bridge tower under the action of the bending moment, but also

construction can find that the simplify the connection structure of the steel-concrete interface, and the force transmission is clear and easy

to calculate and analyze. Reduce the diameter of the through-bar in the hole or omit the through-bar without

The following main problems exist in the structural design of the former concrete-filled steel tube tower column affecting the bearing capacity of the bridge tower

Due to the reinforcement of the steel reinforced by the unilateral confinement of the concrete
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

The vertical and horizontal partitions ensure the effective connection of the inner and outer Bending deformation and using the Galerkin method to obtain the buckling coefficient of a unilaterally constrained plate

wall panels. The section of the multi-compartment can be flexibly divided according to the transportation under non-uniform compression

conditions and hoisting capacity. When transported by water, the steel structure can be manufactured in the For the solution of the elastic buckling coefficient of a unilaterally constrained stiffened

whole section of the factory and transported to the bridge site for overall hoisting. When the transportation plate with stiffeners, the stiffness contribution of the stiffeners should be considered. Li Hui

conditions in mountainous areas are limited. The steel section of the tower column can be divided and transported deduced the unilaterally constrained stiffened with slab ribs by using the Galerkin method to

after the second assembly at the bridge site, and then hoisted. The structure of the optimized multi-cell reinforced deduce the effect of the slab ribs and press the bar to destabilize. The buckling coefficient of the

concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower has a steel wall plate stiffened structure. The steel-concrete plate under uniform compressive stress is

interface connection structure is compared with the completed steel pipe. Concrete bridge towers are simpler

and the design without reinforcement can save steel consumption Simplify the steel structure manufacturing and
ÿ

on-site installation process Improve the industrialized manufacturing and assembly construction level of bridge

towers then

Mechanical properties and design methods

Local buckling performance of steel ÿ

siding When concrete-filled steel tubes are damaged under axial or eccentric

compression, the steel siding will first undergo local buckling. The restraint of the core where is the number of stiffeners relative to the stiffener

concrete at the buckling position is weakened, resulting in the failure of the concrete
Stiffness is the bending moment of inertia of a single stiffener to the middle surface
crushing member. The local buckling performance of the steel siding can be seen. It
of the mother plate is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of a single stiffener to the
directly affects the load-carrying capacity of CFST bridge towers, which is different from
mother plate is the aspect ratio of the mother plate is the minimum value of the buckling
traditional steel structure panels, which can bend freely on both sides outside the plane.
coefficient of single wave buckling aspect ratio
The steel wall panels of CFST bridge towers can only bend to the other side due to the
Aiming at the unilaterally restrained stiffened plate with stiffeners, Li Hui regards
support of internal concrete. The different buckling modes of unilaterally restrained slabs,
the concrete tenon as the out-of-plane multi-point elastic support of the plate, and uses
which are simplified to four-sided fixed supports, lead to the relevant research results on
the Galerkin method to solve its buckling coefficient under the action of uniform
local buckling of steel structural slabs that cannot be directly applied to CFST panels.
compressive stress
The design method of the steel wall plate of the steel tube concrete bridge tower is given

Elastic local buckling of unilaterally constrained

In the formula is the relative stiffness of a single stiffener
plates is due to the fact that the deflection of the plate during buckling is much smaller

than its thickness, and the film tension generated on the middle surface of the plate is very The number of openings for a single stiffener is the spring constant, the center distance

small, so the solution to the elastic critical buckling stress is based on the theory of small between adjacent circular holes is the elastic stiffness of a single hole, etc. Experimental

deflection elasticity. The classical expression of the critical buckling stress is research has been carried out and a practical calculation formula has been proposed.

In the formula, the buckling coefficient is related to the aspect ratio of the plate, the

boundary condition is the load form, the cylinder stiffness of the plate is the elastic

modulus of the steel, and Poisson's ratio is the width and thickness of the plate, In the formula, the modulus of elasticity of the concrete is the radius of the circular hole,

respectively. Timoshenko uses the energy method to obtain The double cosine series is which is the calculation parameter, and it is the buried depth of the hole center at that

used as the buckling deformation function to solve the minimum elastic buckling time.

coefficient of the unilaterally restrained plate under the uniform compressive stress, which Inelastic buckling and width-to-thickness ratio limits of unilaterally constrained

is obtained by using the finite strip method. plates The elastic buckling coefficient derived from the concept of linear elasticity is only

applicable to plates with large width-to-thickness ratios. As the width-to-thickness ratio decreases, the

Under the action of non-uniform compressive stress, the buckling deformation of a unilaterally longitudinal stress may exceed the proportion of the steel when the plate buckles. In the limit and

constrained plate presents an asymmetric distribution in the lateral direction of the plate. Liu Yongjian et al. entering the elastic-plastic range, elastic-plastic buckling occurs when the width-thickness ratio of the

used the characteristic function of the free vibration of a single-span reinforced beam to describe the buckling plate is small enough, and the local buckling occurs after the longitudinal stress reaches the yield strength of
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Based on the elastic-plastic buckling theory, Qu Sun Lipeng et al. used the method to deduce the elastic- Use the form of curve fitting to obtain the effective width formula of the one-side constrained plate

plastic buckling stress of the one-sided constrained plate, and gave the calculation formula of the supported by four sides

boundary width-thickness ratio between the plastic buckling plate and the elastic-plastic buckling plate,

that is, the limit value of the width-thickness ratio.

ÿ ÿ

where the plastic strain corresponding to the yield strength of the steel is the strain hardening
where the effective width coefficient is the effective width of the steel pipe concrete bridge
exponent of the steel
tower wall design method without rib plate

Define the regularized width-thickness ratio of the plate asÿ. According to the formula, the

regularized width-thickness ratio limit value is not a constant value, but the variation range is small. In
For the steel pipe concrete bridge tower wall plate without stiffeners, when the wall plate is not

order to ensure the safety of the structural design, the regularized width-thickness ratio limit value of the
allowed to buckle locally before yielding, the width-thickness ratio limit of the plate can be realized by

one-sided constrained plate can be conservative. Due to the influence of welding residual compressive
limiting the width-thickness ratio. The limit value can be calculated according to the formula. When post-

stress, the longitudinal stress of the plate will reach the proportional limit in advance. The
buckling strength, the formula can be used to calculate the effective width of the concrete-filled steel tube

buckling stress of the plate in the critical state of elasticity and elastoplasticity can be approximately
slab, and then the effective section can be used to calculate the bearing capacity of the steel slab

expressed as the proportional limit of structural steel without welding residual stress, which can be

approximately taken as The boundary for dividing elastic buckling and elastoplastic buckling can be
For the stiffened slab with slab

approximated by the regularized aspect ratio

ribs, for the stiffened slab of steel tube concrete bridge tower with slab ribs, the buckling mode

of the stiffened slab can be calculated by using the effective area method according to the different

buckling modes of the slab based on the design code of highway steel structure bridges. Judging from

the limit stiffening stiffness of the stiffener, if the stiffness of the stiffener is too small, it will cause the

ÿ ÿ stiffener to buckle out of plane together with the wall plate. At this time, the overall instability of the plate

According to the boundary width-thickness ratio and one-sided constraint plate can be divided
occurs. The figure can be called a flexible stiffened plate. The buckling coefficient is shown in the formula.
Plastic Buckling Plates Elastic-Plastic Buckling Plates and Elastic Buckling Plates
When the rib stiffness is large enough, the stiffener does not deform out of plane. Each
Post-buckling strength of unilaterally constrained plates
stiffener provides a rigid node diagram for the buckling of the panel. This type of panel can be called a
Elastic or elastoplastic buckling, after local buckling of the plate, under the support of the
rigid stiffener. At this time, the buckling coefficient of the stiffener is equivalent to that of the adjacent
boundary, the transverse membrane tension is generated in the middle surface, which can delay the
longitudinal direction. The local buckling coefficient of the sub-plate between the stiffened ribs The width

development of out-of-plane deflection and actually support the plate so that it can continue to bear the
of the unstable sub-plate is the mother plate, so the buckling coefficient of the rigid stiffened plate is

load, that is, the plate has buckling Post-buckling strength Since the deflection of the plate after buckling

is no longer a small quantity compared with the thickness and the mid-plane force is no longer constant,

the post-buckling strength of the thin plate is usually studied using the finite deflection theory or the large

deflection theory. Regarding the utilization of the post-buckling strength of the plate Problem According
where is the buckling coefficient of the unilaterally restrained plate in the state without ribs
to the test results, the semi-empirical effective width formula for cold-formed thin-walled steel

structural panels was first proposed and adopted by multinational steel structure codes, but the buckling
Calculation expression of the limit relative stiffness of stiffeners in unilaterally constrained

mode is different, so it cannot be directly applied to concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower panels, etc.
stiffened slabs

Axial compression tests of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube panels were carried out to study the local

buckling behavior of flat steel plates

Wait constrained by concrete on one did
width formulas side,
notbut theconsider
fully proposed
Wait theeffective
difference

between elastic buckling and elastoplastic buckling of the panels and the limitations of test data. Due to

the discretization of the experimental results and the experimental results, the effective width formulas

and aspect ratio limits given by different scholars are quite different from the experimental results.

According to a large number of finite element results, the limit width-thickness ratio and the adopted

The distribution area types of the effective area of stiffened plates with one-sided restraint in

different buckling modes are shown in the figure. The effective area includes two parts: the effective area

of the mother plate and the effective area of the stiffener. The calculation expression is shown in the formula
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

The limit stiffness of the flexible stiffener should not be too small to ensure the reliable

connection of the steel-concrete interface. The stiffness after buckling can be calculated

by the effective area method shown in the figure.

Discussion on steel content of section

The steel content ratio is an important mechanical index of the steel tube concrete

structure. The higher the steel content ratio of the section, the better the ductility and energy

dissipation capacity of the steel-concrete combination of the member. When the steel wall plate

Figure 1. Buckling modes of stiffened plate with unilateral restraint of the bridge tower has a large width-thickness ratio, elastic buckling may occur. Although the

plate is used The strength after buckling can still meet the requirements of bearing capacity, but

it may cause the steel content of the section to be too low. Concrete bears most of the load,

resulting in poor ductility of the bridge tower and even brittle failure. Therefore, the limit width-

thickness ratio should be used to control the steel wall plate Plastic buckling or elastoplastic

buckling occurs and limits the minimum steel content of the concrete-filled steel tube tower section

Specified Concrete Work Bearing Factor

In the formula, the gross cross-sectional area of the steel section is the design value of the axial compressive

strength of the concrete, and the cross-sectional area of the concrete should be controlled according to the

test data of a large number of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube columns.

In order to ensure that it has good ductility, when the concrete work bearing coefficient

takes the specified maximum value, the steel content of the section takes the minimum

value

The specified steel should be matched with

Fig. Calculation diagram of effective area of stiffened plate with unilateral constraint Concrete steel should be mixed with concrete not lower than grade. From this, the actual

steel content of the left and right concrete-filled steel tube bridge towers and the minimum

steel content of the cross-section calculated according to the formula are shown in the

table for reference by designers.

Surface section steel content

serial number bridge name Actual steel content

In the formula, the effective width of the stiffened plate is the width of the first sub-plate.
Lichuan Bridge
For the flexible stiffened plate, for the rigid stiffened plate, the distance between the rigid
Dongfeng Road Overpass
ribs or between the rigid ribs and the wall plate is the effective width.
Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge

The coefficient is calculated as the effective area of the stiffener according to the formula Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge

and For flexible stiffeners take the sum of the areas of the stiffeners within the effective Axial compression performance and

width of the mother plate For rigid stiffeners take the sum of the areas of all stiffeners design method The structurally optimized multi-cell reinforced concrete-filled

steel tube pylon divides the section into multiple cells through the longitudinal diaphragm,

stiffened plate which can be regarded as composed of multiple reinforced steel tube concrete. Its

Since the opening reduces the section stiffness of the stiffener and weakens the mechanical properties and bearing capacity The calculation method can be used for

stiffening effect, the wall panel with the stiffener can only consider the out-of-plane elastic reference to the relevant research results of stiffened concrete-filled steel tube members

constraint effect of the concrete tenon on the mother plate According to the formula, the and hollow interlayer concrete-filled steel tube members. Due to the setting of stiffeners,

rigidity and the out-of-plane deformation of the steel panel at the stiffening part is limited.
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

The area of effective confinement area of buckling core concrete of sub-rib members is larger than The increase of the hollow ratio will decrease, but increasing the hollow ratio can increase the strength-to-weight

that of members without ribs, so the axial compressive bearing capacity of stiffened CFST members ratio of the component and the better the ductility of the component, so the hollow ratio can be appropriately

is significantly improved compared with that of CFST members without ribs. However, the stiffeners increased for the concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower in the earthquake zone

are The axial compression bearing capacity of the members with weakened sections due to openings The above research results for small-sized reinforced concrete-filled steel tube members

may be slightly lower than that of members with slab ribs and no openings. Experimental research and hollow interlayer concrete-filled steel tube members can be used as reference for the design of

by Liu Yongjian et al. shows that as the width-thickness ratio of the wall plate decreases, the steel steel-concrete bridge towers, but for steel-concrete connectors in steel-concrete bridge towers, the

content of the section and the hoop coefficient distance between transverse diaphragms and longitudinal diaphragms or lattice Special structural

As the confinement effect on the core concrete increases, the axial parameters such as chamber length-to-width ratio need to be tested and analyzed. Considering that

load bearing capacity of the stiffened CFST member increases accordingly. However, due to the constraints of different parameters on the core concrete are quite different, and the constraints

problems in the design of geometric dimensions, the bearing capacity does not vary significantly with of large width-to-thickness ratios and special-shaped steel sections on the core concrete

the diameter and spacing of the stiffener openings. Zhang Junguang Using the finite element method are weaker than the ultimate resistance of the core concrete. The increase in compressive strength

to study the influence of structural parameters on the bearing capacity of axial compression, the is limited. When calculating the axial compressive capacity of concrete-filled steel tube pylons, the

results show that with the increase of the thickness, the bearing capacity of the member presents a increase in concrete strength can be ignored and only used as a safety reserve. The influence of

trend of fast at first and then slow. The hole spacing should be greater than twice the hole diameter. local buckling on the bearing capacity of steel panels is considered according to the principle of

Liu Shiming et al. carried out the axial compression test of the reinforced rectangular steel fiber high- superposition. Stiffened concrete-filled steel tube bridges The axial compression bearing capacity of

strength concrete column. the tower member can be calculated by the following formula

The experimental results show that the displacement ductility coefficient and energy dissipation

index of the specimen with the hole spacing equal to twice the hole diameter are significantly greater where the effective cross-sectional area of the steel section is calculated according to the formula

than those of the specimen with the hole spacing equal to twice the hole diameter. There is still a Regarding the effect of slenderness ratio on the axial compression stability of CFST pylons,

lack of systematic experimental research on the impact of please refer to the results of Jiang Lei et al.’s experimental research on the axial compression

performance of reinforced square CFST long columns.

The axial compression failure mode of hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube members Bias performance and design methods are calculated using the

is similar to that of solid steel tube concrete members. The load-carrying capacity is mainly affected stability reduction factor given in

by the thickness and width of steel panels. The width of the outer wall plate can significantly increase The results of the eccentric pressure test of the stiffened square concrete-filled

the core concrete area and improve the axial compression bearing capacity, but the ratio of the steel tube column show that the eccentric pressure failure mode is local buckling of the steel wall

strength-to-weight ratio of the member to its own weight is also significantly reduced. Increasing the plate on the compression side. The concrete near the compression side is crushed. Compared with

thickness of the outer wall plate can not only increase the bearing capacity of the member, but also members with slab ribs of the same size, the distribution of concrete cracks in the tension

help to improve the strength-to-weight ratio of the member. The contribution to the axial compressive area is more uniform, and the crack width and spacing are smaller, indicating that the main function

capacity is smaller than that of the outer wall plate and concrete. The thickness change has little of the stiffener is to strengthen the combined effect of the steel wall plate and core concrete. It can

effect on the overall performance of the hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube column. This is be seen that the steel tube concrete bridge tower adopts stiffener The ribs can ensure the synergistic

due to the small hollow ratio of the specimens in the existing tests and finite element studies. The stress of the two materials under the action of compression and bending. The structural material

constraint effect mainly depends on the outer wall plate. It has little to do with the inner wall plate, parameters and eccentricity of the stiffened concrete-filled steel tube member on the eccentric load-

but for the concrete-filled steel tube bridge tower wall with large hollow ratio, it is equivalent to a bearing capacity need to be further studied. Systematic theoretical and experimental research results

single steel tube concrete member. The thickness of the inner and outer steel wall plates has the show that the bending capacity of members is mainly affected by eccentricity, component slenderness

same degree of influence on the confinement of the core concrete. The inner wall plate thickness ratio, outer wall steel and concrete strength, steel content ratio, hollow ratio, inner wall yield

has the same effect on the steel tube concrete bridge tower. The influence of axial compression strength and thickness have little effect on the bending capacity. Tao Zhong et al. Both Wang Zhibin

performance needs to be further studied in the case of large hollow ratios. Improving the yield et al. and Shi Yanli et al. conducted bias tests on hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube columns,

strength of steel and concrete can improve the axial compression bearing capacity of hollow sandwich and the results showed that the ultimate load of the components decreased with the increase of

CFST columns, but studies such as et al. have shown that increasing material strength can improve eccentricity and slenderness ratio. Lack of resistance

the efficiency of component bearing capacity. It is not high and will seriously reduce the ductility of

components, etc. and the experimental research shows that the axial compression bearing capacity

of hollow sandwich CFST columns increases with the

 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

The bending stiffness is the basic parameter for the overall force analysis of the bridge

The figure shows the relative curve of bending moment, axial force and bearing

capacity of concrete filled steel tube concrete members. Hereinafter referred to as the

simplified algorithm of the curve The comparison of test data shows that it is to
too
beconservative
used for

concrete-filled steel tube members. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, it is assumed that

the concrete in the compression zone is crushed in the event of failure. The simplified

curve of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube members is given, that is, the broken line

simplified formula in the figure. Based on the unified theory of steel tube concrete, Huang

Hong and Wang Zhibin simplified the curve into a straight line segment and a quadratic
A Simplified Algorithm for the Correlation Curve of Axial Force and Bending Moment in Figure

parabola based on the analysis results of a large number of parameters, and proposed

circular and rectangular steel tube concrete. Du Yansheng, also based on the limit equilibrium

theory, assumes that all the bending moments are borne by the steel section and only part of When the centroid of the section is on the asymmetric engineering axis, the bending line has the characteristics

the axial force is borne by the concrete. The calculation formula for the eccentric load capacity similar to the bending line of the steel structure, so the simplified formula corresponding to the straight line is taken

of rectangular steel tube concrete is derived, which is the simplified curve in the figure. Shear performance and design

However, the above formula is only applicable to concrete-filled steel tube columns with methods At present, there is no research on the shear performance of reinforced

specific cross-section forms. It is not applicable to concrete-filled steel tube bridge towers CFST members. The shear design of CFST bridge towers can be used for reference. Under

with complex and changeable cross-section forms. The unified algorithm of eccentric load the action, because the core concrete is constrained by the steel wall plate, brittle failure will

capacity is recommended to use the subsection expression of the divisional boundary not occur even when the shear-span ratio is small, and it shows good ductility. The shear

between the direction of the bending moment and the large and small eccentricity of the failure modes of CFST members can be divided according to the change of the shear-

project axis. When the eccentricity is small, the calculation of the bearing capacity of the one- span ratio from small to large. It is shear failure, bending shear failure and bending failure,

way biased members and two-way biased members is shown in the formula and formula and is basically not affected by axial pressure and section shape, but there is no clear

immediately. See formula and formula judgment standard for the boundary shear-span ratio between different failure modes.

According to the completed shear test results of steel tube concrete members It can be seen

that the specimens with shear-span ratio smaller than

Bending-shear failure occurred in the specimens with a shear-span ratio greater than that of

the specimens, and the bending failure was the main test. The research shows that the shear

bearing capacity of CFST

The load capacity is mainly related to the material strength, shear-span ratio, axial

compression ratio, and steel content ratio. Increasing the concrete strength and steel yield

stress can increase the shear capacity of CFST members. As the shear-span ratio increases,

the shear capacity of CFST members increases. However, when the shear-span ratio is less

than or greater than that, the decrease in shear capacity is relatively gentle. For

In the formula, the design value of the axial pressure is the design value of the compression-bending-shear composite members, the shear capacity basically increases

bending moment. The design value of the flexural capacity of the special-shaped concrete- linearly with the increase of axial force until the axial compression ratio reaches a certain

filled steel tube concrete section can

orbe calculated according to the European code. The
effective section value. The effect of axial force on the shear bearing capacity of CFST columns is reduced.

affected by the local buckling of the wall plate is the adjustment coefficient of the direction of The increase in the steel content of the section helps to improve the restraint effect on the

the bending moment. When the bending moment acts on the symmetrical engineering axis concrete, so the shear bearing capacity of the member also increases.

passing through the centroid of the section, the compressive bending line has similar For square hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube members, Xie Li et al.

characteristics to the compressive bending line of a rectangular symmetric section CFST conducted their experimental research and finite element parameter analysis results under

column. When the bending moment acts on the broken line simplified formula the combined force of compression-bend-shear composite force. On the contrary, with the

axial pressure ratio

 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Xie Li et al. did not give the influence of the hollow ratio on the shear capacity of the specimen. The shape is significantly smaller than that of reinforced concrete members

It can only be seen from the test that the shear capacity of the hollow interlayer CFST column is With the continuous development of concrete creep and deformation, the stress of the

higher than that of the solid CFST column. It can be seen that the influence of axial compression steel section increases continuously, and the stress of the concrete section decreases

ratio and hollow ratio on the shear performance of hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube continuously. Temperature, humidity, prestressed cable tension, steel plate and concrete strains

members needs more extensive experimental research. At present, the calculation methods for were observed for a period of one year, and the measured steel plate stress increased from

the bearing capacity of steel tube concrete under the combined force of compression, bending

and shearing mainly include the following types: One is to analyze and fit empirical

formulas through a large number of finite element parameters, and the other is to derive bearing Concrete stress from Reducing

capacity formulas based on the shear bearing mechanism of CFST. The influence of span ratio the creep of visible concrete can lead to a substantial increase in the stress of the

and axial force is fitted by a small number of data points, and the verification reliability of more steel section. Based on the linear creep theory, Leng Wenhua used the age-adjusted effective

experimental data is not clear. Yao Guohuang proposed a compression-bending-shear load- modulus method to derive the creep model of steel-filled steel tube concrete that can consider

bearing method for CFST members based on a unified theory and a large number of finite the steel content, which is in good agreement with the test results. found that the model can

element analysis. Force-related equations but only for certain small-sized cross-sections such as better simulate the creep characteristics of core concrete in concrete-filled steel

circles and rectangles tubes. Ding Min et al. compared the creep models and found that introducing a correction factor

for the concrete compressive strength on the basis of the model can better predict the concrete-

filled steel tube concrete.

The given method for calculating the shear capacity of soil creep strain

rectangular concrete-filled steel tube members only considers the shear effect of the steel web, When the concrete stress does not exceed its ultimate compressive

neglects the contribution of concrete, and does not consider the influence of other parameters such strength, the ultimate deformation of the creep is linearly related to the initial

as the shear-span ratio, axial compression ratio, hoop coefficient, etc. This method is simple but instantaneous elastic deformation Greater than that, the linear creep theory is applicable to

consists of This may cause the shear design of the member to be too conservative reinforced concrete bridge tower components. For steel pipe concrete bridge towers, in order to

Li Zhiqiang et al. conducted a bending-shear test on a rectangular concrete-filled steel tube short- improve the utilization rate of materials, the concrete compressive stress level in the steel box

column member with equivalent and opposite-signed bending moments acting on both ends. Based on the may exceed the limit of the above code provisions. Steel pipes working under

oblique compression bar model, a formula for calculating the pure shear bearing capacity of rectangular concrete- high stress levels Concrete members will produce nonlinear creep, etc. The test results for

filled steel tube members was proposed. This formula considers the steel tube web separately. The contribution circular steel pipe concrete show that nonlinear creep can lead to an increase in the creep

of slab concrete oblique bars and the influence of axial compression ratio and span-height ratio are considered. coefficient, and the linear creep model will underestimate the long-term deformation. For

The mechanical concept is clear. The calculation accuracy is relatively high. The calculation method for the rectangular or special shapes with weak constraint effects The nonlinear creep behavior of

shear capacity of hollow sandwich concrete-filled steel tube members is still relatively lacking, and concrete-filled steel tube tower columns under high-level loads still needs to be tested to study

further research is needed. Currently, hollow-section steel tubes The shear checking calculation of the concrete the effect of creep on the bearing capacity of bridge tower components

bridge tower can be carried out conservatively according to the given method, that is, only the shear resistance

of the steel web is considered

effect

Static performance under long-term loading

During the construction and erection of the steel section of the CFST bridge tower, a The long-term load ratio has a significant impact on the development of concrete creep

high initial stress has been accumulated. During the service process, under the influence of and has a certain impact on the bearing capacity. Studies have shown that with the increase of

concrete creep, the steel panel may yield early or buckle and affect the normal use of the the long-term load ratio, the bearing capacity of CFST members tends to decrease gradually, but

structure, while the steel section is in a state of high stress for a long time. Work will also bring the impact is limited. When designing CFST bridge towers Refer to the technical specification for

other problems such as fatigue, so the adverse effect of concrete creep on the force of the steel concrete-filled steel tube concrete structures for the effect of concrete creep on the bearing

section should be fully considered in the design. Creep mechanism and creep prediction model capacity of concrete-filled steel tube concrete members.

Influence of Force Relevant regulations apply to axially compressed members and

The creep problem of concrete-filled steel tube towers is similar to that of conventional eccentric concrete-filled steel tube solid compression members whose eccentricity is not greater

concrete-filled steel tubes. Because the concrete is sealed in the steel wall plate, it is basically than that when the axial pressure caused by permanent load accounts for or exceeds the total

not affected by the ambient humidity, and the steel wall plate restricts the deformation of the axial pressure due to the influence of concrete creep. The stable bearing capacity under axial

concrete in the longitudinal direction. change compression should be multiplied by the reduction factor
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

The effect of creep on the force of the bridge structure The machine installation connection method is welding connection

system. Cable-bearing bridges, especially cable-stayed bridges, belong to the high- The construction efficiency of concrete-filled steel tube towers is also reflected in

order hyperstatically indeterminate structure system. Concrete creep has little effect on the the construction of the anchorage structure of the towers. For solid concrete-filled steel tube

bearing capacity of CFST bridge towers, but the redistribution of internal forces in the towers, the steel strand cables can cooperate with the anchorage structure of the steel pipe

structural system caused by creep may lead to more unfavorable stress on the main girder tower. The sub-wire tube type cable saddle, the pressure-bearing steel mesh under the

or deformation that does not meet the requirements of normal use. The creep model anchor, and the local reinforcement structure under the anchor can be prefabricated together

proposed by Leng Wenhua or others can be used in the force analysis, or the elastic with the steel structure of the tower column for overall hoisting. It can be greatly simplified.

modulus reduction method in the design and construction codes of highway steel-concrete For example, when the steel anchor beam is used for the reinforced concrete tower column,

composite bridges can be used to consider the effect of creep, but the value of the it needs to be hoisted and positioned before pouring the concrete. The pre-embedded

annular prestressed pipe needs to be prestressed and tensioned and anchored later. When
corresponding elastic modulus reduction coefficient further research is needed

it is used for the steel pipe concrete tower column, the steel anchor The beam can be

welded with the steel structure of the concrete-filled steel tube tower column in the factory

to form a whole section, transported to the site for overall hoisting, and there is no need to

arrange hoop prestress, which reduces the work at heights. The construction efficiency is

Technical characteristics and economic analysis very high. Although the construction efficiency of the steel tube concrete bridge tower is

high, attention should be paid to the construction process. It may lead to the
Technical
problem of hollowing out of the concrete-filled steel pipe bridge tower. Due to the complex
features Design
structure of the reinforcement, there are usually through steel bars arranged in the hole. In
flexibility From the point of view of mechanical properties, the use of concrete-filled
recent years, bridge fire accidents caused by oil tanker collisions and bridge collapse
steel pipe pylons can flexibly select the cross-sectional shape according to the force
accidents caused by heavy vehicle and ship collisions have occurred frequently. The
requirements to resist the huge bending moment, especially the middle tower of the multi-
excellent fire resistance and anti-collision performance of steel tube concrete bridge towers
tower cable-stayed bridge or suspension bridge avoids the loss of concrete pylon Cracking
make them have high disaster tolerance. The technical advantage of
problems. For example, the Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge adopts the form of moving
toughness Concrete is a thermally inert material. The heat capacity is much larger
along the bridge to the double limbs in the middle and lower tower columns with a large
than that of steel, but the thermal conductivity is much smaller than that of steel. Therefore,
bending moment. However, if the complex column shape and section design of concrete
under fire, the temperature rise rate of concrete in CFST members lags behind that of the
bridge towers are used, it will not only increase the amount of materials, but also greatly
outer steel pipe, which prolongs the high temperature degradation time and degree of the
increase the construction cost. From the aesthetic point of view, the cable towers of cable-
entire member. The fire resistance limit is effectively improved. At the same time,
stayed bridges or suspension bridges, as the iconic landscape of bridges, have
the presence of concrete not only eases the temperature rise rate of the outer steel pipe
high requirements for shape design. Thanks to the formwork effect of the steel box section,
compared with pure steel structures, but also delays the local buckling of the outer steel
the shape design of the CFST bridge tower is more free and flexible. Engineers have more
pipe due to high temperature softening. The existence of the outer steel pipe can also
room to play. Compared with reinforced concrete bridge towers, it is easier to meet the
provide better restraint for the concrete. The function prevents the concrete from bursting at
aesthetic design requirements of the bridge tower.
high temperature. After the fire, as the ambient temperature decreases, the strength of the
Construction
part of the steel pipe that has yielded under the fire can be restored to varying degrees. It
Efficiency The closed steel section of the concrete-filled steel tube bridge tower can
provides a safer working environment for the maintenance and reinforcement of the steel

be used as a formwork for pouring concrete, eliminating the need for steel bar binding. The
pipe concrete bridge tower after the fire. At the same time, it also reduces the amount of

construction is more efficient and convenient. It has better adaptability to bridge construction
maintenance and reinforcement works and saves maintenance costs. It can be seen that

projects with high construction period requirements and is easy to carry out according to
compared with reinforced concrete structures and steel structure steel tube concrete bridge

transportation conditions and hoisting conditions. Segment and section division to achieve towers, it has better post-disaster repairability.

a higher degree of prefabrication and assembly. For example, the Alamiro Bridge needs to

be completed before the opening of the World Expo in 2010. The original plan was to use

reinforced concrete to construct the construction using the sliding form method. In order to Scholars at home and abroad have conducted a large number of experimental

complete the project on schedule, steel siding is used to replace part of the longitudinally studies on the working mechanism of concrete filled steel pipe under the action of lateral

stressed steel bars and serve as formwork for pouring concrete. The height of the bridge impact, and verified its excellent anti-collision performance compared with empty steel

tower section is increased to reduce the number of sections by more than half. use large pipes. Fully developed plastic members with pronounced plastic hinge regions efficiently

lifting dissipate impact

 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Compared with reinforced concrete components, the impact energy of the core concrete will Material consumption comparison

not be severely damaged prematurely due to the restraint of the outer steel tube, and the In order to make the material consumption of different types of bridge towers

deformation capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the component can be improved. Both comparable, the steel or concrete consumption of tower columns allocated per unit area of

are superior to ordinary reinforced concrete bridge deck is defined as the relative consumption of steel or concrete as an evaluation index.

The comparison of material consumption of different types of bridge towers is shown in the

economy table and the reinforcement in the chart. The amount of steel used for concrete bridge towers

Construction cost and maintenance cost are the main components of bridge life cycle includes ordinary steel bars, prestressed steel bars, rigid skeleton profiles, etc. The amount of

cost. Comparing the amount of materials and construction measures for different types of steel used for steel tube concrete bridge towers includes steel panels, stiffeners, connectors,

bridge towers can reflect the construction cost of bridge towers. It reflects the maintenance vertical and transverse diaphragm structural steel bars, etc. Due to the part of steel bridge

cost. Based on the construction drawings of the actual project, this section quantitatively towers and steel pipe concrete in the table Bridge pylons are only applied to the upper pylons,

analyzes the economy of the CFST bridge tower from three aspects: the amount of materials, which refer to the pylons above the bridge deck, so only the material consumption of the upper

the cost of construction measures and the amount of anti-corrosion coating. pylons of each pylon is counted Bridges of beams are not included in the statistics

Comparison of the amount of materials used in bridge towers

The relative amount of materials for the upper column

Pylon form
wide bridge deck
serial number bridge name bridge type Span arrangement Main beam form concrete steel
Every time product
Upper Pillar Lower Pillar

Nanjing Yangtze River Third Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge steel box girder steel reinforced concrete

ÿBahe Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge hybrid beam steel reinforced concrete

Self-anchored
Bahe Yuanshuo Bridge steel box girder steel reinforced concrete
suspension bridge

Nanjing Puyi Highway

cable stayed bridge steel box girder steel steel

West Bridge

Nanjing Yangtze River Fifth Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge Steel Box Composite Beam Concrete Steel Tube Concrete

Lichuan Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge Mixed Beam Concrete Steel Tube Reinforced Concrete

Dongfeng Road Overpass Cable-Stayed Bridge Mixed Beam Concrete Steel Tube Reinforced Concrete

Ziqi Road Cable-stayed Bridge Cable-stayed Bridge hybrid beam RC

Yangmeizhou Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge hybrid beam RC

Zhuankou Yangtze River Bridge Cable-Stayed Bridge steel box girder RC

Guizhou Pingluo Expressway

cable stayed bridge steel plate composite beam reinforced concrete
Pingtang Grand Bridge

It can be seen from the figure that compared with the steel bridge tower, the steel- The amount of steel plates and section steel used in the former is close to the amount of

concrete bridge tower adopts the joint bearing of the steel-concrete composite section and the rigid skeleton section steel used in the latter. It can be seen from the figure that similar bridges with

unilateral restraint effect of the concrete to improve the buckling resistance of the steel panel, similar spans can save a lot of construction materials by using concrete filled steel pipe pylons.

so that the amount of steel is greatly reduced, and the relative amount of steel is steel bridge. Since the Lichuan Bridge adopts a cable-stayed bridge system with curved pylons and curved

Compared with the traditional reinforced concrete bridge tower, the girders without back cables, the pylons are in a combined stress state of compression, bending, shearing,

steel pipe concrete bridge tower saves a lot of rigid frame steel, prestressed steel bars, etc. and torsion, so the amount of steel plates and section steels used is significantly larger than that of Dongfeng

The relative amount of steel materials is generally the same as that of the reinforced concrete Road Bridge, and prestressed steel bars are configured. The amount of steel used is relatively high but still

bridge tower, or even lower than that of the reinforced concrete bridge tower, such as Dongfeng equal to the total amount of steel used by Ziqi Road Bridge. The comparison of the relative amount of

Road Bridge. Concrete pylons and reinforced concrete pylons of Ziqi Road Bridge are single- concrete used for different types of bridge towers is shown in the figure. From the figure, it can be

tower cable-stayed bridges with the same span as the main girder structure, while the total seen that the relative amount of concrete used for steel pipe concrete bridge towers is generally lower than

steel consumption of Dongfeng Road Bridge is only about that of Ziqi Road Bridge. The amount that of traditional reinforced concrete bridge towers. Compared with the traditional reinforced concrete bridge

of ordinary steel bars used in Fenglu Bridge is only about that of Ziqi Road Bridge. tower, the reinforced concrete bridge tower
 Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Figure construction measures cost comparison

It is also lower than the steel bridge tower, and the section transportation cost is also lower.

Therefore, the construction measures cost of the steel pipe concrete bridge tower is lower than that

of the steel bridge tower. It is higher than concrete-filled steel pipe towers, while concrete-filled

steel pipe towers do not require climbing formwork construction, so the cost of construction

measures is also lower than that of reinforced concrete bridge towers. The amount of anti-corrosion

coating engineering is compared to the steel structure of a steel bridge tower and a steel pipe

concrete bridge tower in the operation period. The relative painting area of bridge

Figure steel consumption comparison

pylons apportioned per unit area of the bridge deck is compared, as shown in the figure.

From the figure, it can be seen that the relative painting area of steel-filled steel bridge towers

during the operation period is much smaller than that of steel bridge towers on average. This is

because steel pipes Stiffeners of concrete pylons, transverse diaphragms, longitudinal diaphragms

and other structures are wrapped by concrete. The inner surface of steel panels is also in contact

with concrete. During the operation period, no further painting is required.

Figure Concrete Consumption Comparison

Considering the reduction of the self-weight of the concrete-filled steel pipe tower column, the

saving of the amount of concrete used for the cap platform and the foundation will be more

prominent.

Comparison of construction

measures costs for the cross-river bridge in the west section of Nanjing Puyi Highway
Figure comparison of anti-corrosion coating engineering quantity

Nanjing Fifth Bridge of the Yangtze River and the Pingtang Super Bridge of Guizhou Pingluo

Expressway respectively adopt steel towers for concrete-filled steel tube towers and reinforced Compared with concrete bridge towers, although concrete bridge towers do not need anti-

concrete bridge towers The comparison of the bridge tower construction measures allocated by the corrosion coating during the operation period, the problem of concrete cracking will inevitably lead

bridge deck per unit area is shown in the figure. From the figure, it can be seen that the relative to the problem of steel corrosion and material degradation. The resulting inspection, maintenance

construction measures cost of the steel tube concrete bridge tower is about 100% of the steel and reinforcement costs will exist throughout the life cycle and management costs It is relatively

bridge tower. The steel bridge tower and the steel tube concrete bridge tower In the cost of high, and even if the internal concrete of the concrete-filled steel tube pylon cracks, it will not be

construction measures, the cost of lifting equipment such as floating cranes and tower cranes eroded by the external environment under the protection of the steel wall plate to avoid the

accounts for the largest proportion, but the weight of the hoisting segment of the steel pipe concrete deterioration of the concrete material, so there is no need to consider the maintenance cost of the

bridge tower is much smaller than that of the steel bridge tower, such as the tower column internal concrete during the operation period. In summary, from the whole life cycle of the bridge

segment of the Nanjing Fifth Bridge. Requirements for tower crane hoisting capacity Look at the concrete filled steel pipe bridge
 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

The economy of the tower is obviously better than that of the steel bridge tower, and it can compete with the Research

reinforced concrete bridge tower under the condition of reasonable design, management and maintenance In the current code system, there is still a lack of temperature action model

suitable for the section of concrete-filled steel tube pylons. The temperature gradient model and
epilogue
calculation method for the section of concrete-filled steel tube pylons need to be further studied to

As the technical and economic advantages of concrete-filled steel tube towers continue apply high-strength materials to concrete-filled steel tube pylons. There is still the problem of

to highlight, they will be more and more widely used in super-long-span bridges and urban reasonable matching of steel and concrete strength, the reasonable range of steel

landscape bridges in the future. From the perspective of high construction efficiency, the structure content in the section, and other issues. Research on the working mechanism of high-strength

of the existing CFST bridge tower is optimized. The research progress and design method of the steel tubes and high-strength concrete bridge towers, mechanical performance design methods,

local buckling performance of the CFST bridge tower wall plate and the mechanical properties of etc. will become a research trend in the future.

the tower column are systematically sorted out, and the technical characteristics and design

methods of the CFST bridge tower are analyzed. The main economic conclusions are as follows: Bridge engineering continues to develop in the direction of factory-based

Due to the insufficient understanding of the joint load bearing mechanism of steel and concrete, manufacturing and assembly-based construction. Concrete-filled steel tube bridge towers using

the theoretical research on the local buckling of the steel plate is relatively weak due to the ultra-high-strength steel and concrete are expected to realize the overall hoisting construction of

unilateral restraint of the concrete, and the force transmission performance of the steel-concrete full-section prefabricated bridge positions on site and further promote the

steel-concrete interface is not clear. The structure is too complex and the construction efficiency industrialization of bridge engineering.

is poor
references

A Summary of Chinese Bridge Engineering Academic Research in the Editorial Office of China Journal of Highway and Highway
The structure-optimized multi-cell reinforced concrete-filled steel tube pylon has a

China Highway Journal

stiffened structure of steel wall plates, and the steel-concrete interface connection structure is

simpler than the completed steel-filled concrete-filled pylon. The no-reinforcement design saves

steel and simplifies the steel structure manufacturing process. and on-site installation process to

improve the industrialized manufacturing and assembly construction level of bridge towers

Considering the influence of the unilateral confinement of concrete on the local Zhang Shishan, Xu Wen, Yao Ting, etc. based on the multi-field coupling effect of the cable tower concrete

Cracking Risk Study Concrete

buckling performance of steel panels, a design method for steel panel steel panels of concrete-

filled steel tube bridge towers with large-scale welded box sections is proposed. Based on this,

the axial compressive bearing capacity and The eccentric load bearing capacity design method

based on the limit equilibrium method is safer and more reasonable. The CFST bridge tower has Zhou Xuhong Liu Yongjian Steel Bridge Beijing People's Communications Publishing House Co., Ltd.

flexible design and high construction efficiency. manage

Technical advantages such as disaster tolerance and high toughness Compared with traditional reinforced

concrete bridge towers and steel bridge towers, the amount of steel and concrete used in construction is lower.
Zhang Ning Liu Yongjian Li Hui Stiffened Rectangular Steel Tube Concrete Axial Compression Column

The cost of construction measures is lower. The amount of anti-corrosion coating during the operation period is
Local Buckling Performance Analysis Journal of Building Science and Engineering

also much smaller than that of steel bridge towers. From a cycle point of view, the economy of steel-filled

concrete bridge towers is significantly better than that of steel bridge towers. Under the condition of reasonable

design and proper maintenance, it can compete with reinforced concrete bridge towers.

The research direction and development trend of concrete-filled steel tube pylons are

mainly reflected in the following aspects. For the calculation method of axial and eccentric load
Zhang Ning Liu Yongjian Li Hui et al Stiffened plates on elastic bases subjected to non-uniform loads

bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tube pylons that considers the local
The Local Buckling Behavior of the Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering

buckling of steel slabs proposed in this paper, it is necessary to design multiple stiffeners with

large dimensions. Experimental study of ribbed CFST members to verify its reliability

Due to the restraint of the concrete tenon in the hole, the shear performance of
Jiang Lei Liu Yongjian Hou Beibei Axial Force-Strain Relationship of Concrete Steel Tube Arch Rib

the CFST bridge tower components and the creep effect under long-term loading still
China Highway Journal

need to carry out more in-depth theory and experiments.

Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Liu Junping, Zhou Zongyuan, Liu Yongjian, etc. Square concrete filled steel tube with stiffening Liu Binghui, Xiao Xudong, Deng Lu, Segmental model test of elliptical main tower with constant variable cross section

Engineering Mechanics of Bending Behavior of Components Study Highway Engineering

Gao Yimin, Liu Yongjian, Zhou Xuhong, etc. High Performance Steel Tube Concrete Composite Truss Bridge Wang Xizhi, Liu Yuqing, Tang Liang, Outsourced Steel Hollow Concrete Composite Structure Bridge Tower Shaft

China Highway Journal Journal of Building Structure Research on Compressive Performance

Liu Yongjian Ma Yinping Tian Zhijuan and other rectangular steel tube concrete composite truss girder continuous rigid

Real Bridge Test of Constructed Bridge Chinese Journal of Highway and Highway Zhang Xigang, Liu Gao, Plateau and other hollow steel plate concrete composite bridges with outer walls

Research on Bearing Capacity of Tower Columns Journal of Civil Engineering

Wu Qingxiong, She Zhimin, Yuan Huihui et al. Design of box-shaped super-high pier with concrete filled steel tube

Bridge Construction with Static Performance Analysis Li Pingjie Wang Lebin Experimental research facility for ribbed steel shell concrete hollow columns

technology

Gandan, Zhou Xuhong, Liu Jiepeng and other steel pipe-confined reinforced concrete columns subjected to shear load

Journal of Building Structures with Force Calculation

Li Hui's Galerkin Analysis of the Stability Problems of Flat Plate Structures Constrained by One Side

Anchang'an University

Peng Qiang's Full-Scale Model Technological Test of the Steel Shell Concrete Bridge Tower of the Fifth Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge

bridge construction

Feng Bowen, Liu Yongjian, Peng Yuancheng, et al. Influence of construction errors on the performance of shear nails

Journal of Building Science and Engineering

Experimental Study on the Mechanical Performance of Wangqian Steel Bridge Towers and Composite Bridge Towers in Xi'an

Ann University

Liu Yongjian Zhang Ning Zhang Junguang Mechanics of Stiffened Rectangular Steel Tube Concrete

Journal of Performance Building Science and Engineering

Wang Chunsheng, Wang Qian, Wang Xinxin, etc. Stress on steel high-performance concrete composite bridge towers

Performance Experimental Research Journal of Chang'an University Natural Science Edition

Zhang Kai, Liu Yongjian, Ju Mingjie, etc. Structural form and structure of steel-concrete composite section without cells

Mechanical Performance Analysis Highway Traffic Technology

Experimental research on the mechanical performance of Deng Luzhangli elliptical steel-concrete composite bridge tower

study bridge construction

 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Zhu Weiqing, Cui Yue, Liu Yongjian, et al. Research on shear capacity of open-hole plate connectors

Journal of Building Structures

Zhou Xuhong, Liu Yongjian, Jiang Lei and other stiffened rectangular concrete filled steel tube structures

Summary of Research on Mechanical Properties of Structures Chinese Journal of Highway and Highway Research

Liu Yongjian, Li Hui, Zhang Ning, Partial elasticity of rectangular concrete filled steel tube under non-uniform compression

Sexual Buckling Analysis Journal of Architectural Science and Engineering

Sun Lipeng Liu Yongjian Zhang Ning et al Elasticity and plasticity of rectangular high-strength steel tube concrete wall panels

Analytical solution of buckling and width-to-thickness ratio limits

Technical specifications for rectangular concrete filled steel tube structures

Sun Lipeng, Liu Yongjian, Zhang Ning, etc. The situation of unilaterally restrained and trilaterally supported high-strength steel plates

Partial Buckling Performance Engineering Mechanics Liu Yongjian, Cheng Gao, Zhang Ning, etc. Open-hole steel plate stiffened square steel tube concrete shaft

Experimental Study on Compression of Short Columns Journal of Building Structures

Sun Lipeng Liu Yongjian Post-buckling Strength of Rectangular Concrete Steel Tube Slabs

Journal of Building Structures Zhang Junguang Experimental study on the mechanical performance of reinforced square concrete filled steel tube columns under axial compression

Xi'an Chang'an University

Liu Shiming, Liu Yongjian, Li Xiaoke, etc. Open-hole steel plate stiffened rectangular steel pipe steel fiber

Axial Compression Test Study on High Strength Concrete Columns Journal of Building Structures
Machine Translated by Google China Highway Journal year

Shi Yanli Zhang Chaofeng Xianwei and other conical hollow interlayer concrete filled steel tubes

Research on the Mechanical Behavior of Components Journal of Building Structures

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Research on Du Yansheng High-strength Steel Rectangular Concrete-filled Steel Tube Columns

Tianjin Tianjin University

YAN Yanxiang, XU Lihua, YU Min et al. System of eccentric load bearing capacity of special-shaped concrete filled steel tube columns

An Algorithm Research Journal of Hunan University Natural Science Edition

Li Zhiqiang and Chen Yifang Research status of shear performance of rectangular concrete filled steel tubes

Journal of Building Science and Engineering

Jiang Lei, Liu Yongjian, Zhang Junguang Open-hole steel plate stiffened square steel tube concrete long column

Axial Compression Performance Experimental Research Journal of Building Structures

Qian Jiaru, Cui Yao, Fang Xiaodan, Experiments on Shear Capacity of Concrete-filled Steel Tube Columns

Journal of Civil Engineering

FANG Xiaodan, LIN Yi, QIAN Jiaru, SHEAR BEARING OF STEEL CONCRETE SHORT COLUMNS UNDER BENDING

Load Test Research Journal of Building Structures

Study on Mechanical Properties of Huanghong Hollow Sandwich Concrete-filled Steel Tube Compression-bending Members

Fuzhou Fuzhou University

Xiao Congzhen Cai Shaohuai Xu Chunli Experimental Research on Shear Performance of Steel Tube Concrete

Tao Zhong, Han Linhai, Huang Hongfang Hollow interlayer concrete filled steel tube concrete column under eccentric compression Journal of Civil Engineering

Mechanical Properties Research Journal of Civil Engineering

Xu Lihua, Xu Haoran, Du Guofeng and others

Wang Zhibin, Gao Yang, Hongchi Siyuan and other hollow interlayer thin-walled concrete-filled steel tube columns are eccentric Shear Performance Experimental Research Engineering Mechanics

Compressive Performance Research Journal of Building Structures

 Machine Translated by Google
issue Application and research progress of CFST bridge tower engineering by Liu Yongjian et al.

Huang Yong, Chen Weigang, Duan Li, Shear performance of short concrete-filled steel tube columns with shear bonds

Experimental Research Journal of Building Structures

Mechanical Analysis of Leng Wenhua Prestressed Steel Shell Concrete Bridge Tower in Changsha Hunan University

study

Shi Yanli, Zhou Xuhong, Xianwei and other rectangular concrete-filled steel tube members without end plates are basically

Shear Properties Research Engineering Mechanics

DING Min, WANG Youdi, DAI Chunhui et al. Creep of CFST Axial Compression Members

Prediction Model and Its Creep Performance Analysis in Engineering Mechanics

Guo Shuli Tao Zhongfang Concrete-filled Steel Tube Column Shear Test Study Fujian Project

Academy Journal

Experimental Research on Shear Performance of CFST Columns by CAI Jian, LIANG Weisheng, LIN Hui

Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Technology Edition Li Jiaqi, Wang Rui, Zhao Hui, etc. outsourcing stainless steel hollow interlayer steel pipe concrete

Column Fire Resistance Research Engineering Mechanics

Study on the Working Mechanism of Yao Guohuang Concrete-filled Steel Tube Components under Complicated Forced State

Fuzhou Fuzhou University Liu Xiao, Xu Hanwen, Lu Mengchao, High-strength concrete with hollow interlayer high-strength steel pipes after the fire

Soil Bending Properties Journal of Shenyang University Natural Science Edition

Xie Li, Lin Boyang, Yuan Fang et al. Compression bending of hollow interlayer concrete filled steel tube columns

Experimental study on shear performance of building structures

Wang RuiDynamic response and damage of concrete-filled steel tube structural members under lateral impact

Research on Damage and Damage Taiyuan Taiyuan University of Technology

LI Zhiqiang, CHEN Yiyi, WANG Wei Experimental study on the bending and shearing performance of short columns of rectangular concrete filled steel tubes

Journal of Experimental Research Building Structures