saofise qaRaldis mwvane Sesyidvebi

saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti

ბუნების დაცვის საერთაშორისო კავშირი (IUCN)

თბილისი, 2011
Green Purchasing Guideline for Office
Paper

Foreword

This brochure provides guidance on reducing the ecological footprint of paper 1 use in an
office. The document analyses paper production related issues and provides
recommendations on how to plan and make green purchases. Specifically, these guidelines
will help develop a green purchasing policy, define criteria, choose the appropriate products
and assess suppliers. The document is designed for easy use and is aimed at any
organization or company that purchases paper for its office needs. The publication
originated from the report “Paper Use Study in Georgia” carried out by the Georgian Center
for the Conservation of Wildlife (GCCW) in 2010, which aimed to explore consumers’
attitudes towards responsible use of paper. The study is part of the USAID project “Forestry
in Georgia: Sustainable Production, Sustainable Consumption”. The document was
developed based on existing guidelines and literature. The decision to publish “A Green
Purchasing Guideline for Office Paper in Georgia” was initiated by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in the framework of the ENPI FLEG Program aiming at
reducing illegal logging and promoting sustainable management of forest resources.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)

Tbilisi, 2011

1
Ecological footprint of paper – amount of land and water needed for production of necessay
resources for paper manufacturing and utilization of apropriate waste and emissions.

2
winasityvaoba

winamdebare broSura warmoadgens saxelmZRvnelos ofisebSi qaRaldis ekologiuri

anabeWdis 2 SemcirebisaTvis. dokumentSi ganxilulia saofise qaRaldTan da mis
warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da warmodgenilia rCevebi, Tu rogor moxdes
mwvane Sesyidvebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba. saxelmZRvanelo daexmareba saofise
qaRaldis Sesyidvebze pasuxismgebel pirebs SeimuSaon Sesyidvebis politika, gansazRvron
Sesyidvebis moTxovnebi, moiZion produqcia romelic Seesabameba SemuSavebul politikas
da Seafason momwodebeli. dokumenti SemuSavebulia advilad moxmarebisTvis da
gaTvaliswinebulia im organizaciebisTvis, romlebic regularulad axorcieleben
qaRaldis Sesyidvebs. warmodgenili dokumentis momzadeba daefuZna “saqarTvelos bunebis
SenarCunebis centris” (GCCW) mier 2010 wels Catarebul kvlevas “qaRaldis moxmareba
saqarTveloSi”, romelic ganxorcielda USAID-is proeqtis “saqarTvelos tyeebi:
mdgradi warmoeba, mdgradi moxmareba” farglebSi da romlis mizans warmoadgenda
momxmareblis damokidebulebis Seswavla qaRaldis pasuxismgeblobiani gamoyenebisadmi.
dokumenti momzadda arsebul saxelmZRvaneloebsa da literaturaze dayrdnobiT.
dokumenti “saofise qaRaldis mwvane Sesyidvebi. saxelmZRvanelo dokumenti” SemuSavda
bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) iniciativiT ENPI-FLEG programis
farglebSi, romelic miznad isaxavs ukanono Wrebis Semcirebas da tyis resursebis
mdgradi marTvis xelSewyobas.

2
qaRaldis ekologuri anabeWdi – teritoriis da wylis is raodenoba, romelic saWiroa
qaRaldis warmoebisTvis saWiro resursebis warmoqmnisTvis da Sesabamisi emisiebis da
narCenebis utilizaciisTvis.

3
Sinaarsi

1. Sesavali ........................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. zogierTi faqti qaRaldis Sesaxeb ........................................................................................ 5
1.2. qaRaldis moxmareba saqarTveloSi......................................................................................... 5
2. saqaRalde masis da qaRaldis warmoebis procesi................................................................... 7
3. qaRaldis zemoqmedeba garemoze ................................................................................................... 8
3.1 gamoyenebuli nedleuli da warmoebis procesi .................................................................. 8
3.2 saqaRalde masis da qaRaldis warmoebis uaryofiTi zegavlena garemoze ..................... 9
3.2.1. tyis ganadgureba da biomravalferovnebis kargva ......................................................... 9
3.2.2. wylis dabinZureba ............................................................................................................. 10
3.2.3. haeris dabinZureba ............................................................................................................. 10
3.2.4. narCenebi .............................................................................................................................. 10
4. saofise qaRaldis Sesyidvisas gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi ............................................ 11
4.1. rogor mivxvdeT qaRaldi mdgradad marTuli tyidan aris warmoebuli Tu ara?..... 11
4.2. rogor mivxvdeT qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi iyo Tu ara gamoyenebuli qlori? . 12
4.3. garemosdacviTi menejmetis sqemebi ...................................................................................... 12
4.4. eko-etiketebi ........................................................................................................................... 13
5. mwvane Sesyidvebi ........................................................................................................................... 14
5.1. mwvane Sesyidvebis politika ................................................................................................. 14
5.2. Sesyidvebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba ................................................................................. 14
5.3. komunikacia momwodebelTan ................................................................................................... 15
5.4. monitoringis meqanizmis SemuSaveba ..................................................................................... 15

4
1. Sesavali

1.1. zogierTi faqti qaRaldis Sesaxeb

qaRaldi Cveni cxovrebis Cveuli da aucilebeli komponentia. mas viyenebT sxvadasxva
daniSnulebiT: informaciis Senaxvisa da komunikaciisTvis (wignebi, perioduli gamocemebi,
saqmiani dokumentebi, werilebi), sakvebis SefuTvisa da dacvis mizniT (SesafuTi masala),
piradi higienisTvis (cvirsaxoci, safenebi, da sxva) da aseve medicinaSi (tamponi, sxva). 3
arsebobda molodi, rom eleqtronuli sainformacio revolucia gamoiwvevda naklebi
qaRaldis moxmarebas ofisebSi. Tumca piriqiT, ofisebSi kompiuteris, printeris da
qseroqsis gamoyenebam xeli Seuwyo qaRaldis moxmarebis zrdas.

• qaRaldis warmoebisaTvis msoflioSi yovelwliurad iWreba 500,000,000 m3 tye

(saerTo Wrebis 15%) 4

• erTi tona qaRaldis an muyaos damzadebas sWirdeba 25-70 m3 wyali

• erTi tona qaRaldis damzadebas sWirdeba daaxloebiT 9, 100 kvt.sT energia, rac
daaxloebiT Seesabameba aSS-Si gareubnis saSualo macxovreblis mier ori Tvis
manZilze moxmarebul energias 5

• 2008 wels aSS-Si warmoqmnili 250 mln tona municipaluri narCenebis 31%
qaRalds warmoadgenda 6

1.2. qaRaldis moxmareba saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2010 wlis monacemebiT qaRaldis
nawarmisa da masalis importi gaizarda 38%-iT, 76,804 aSS. dolaridan (2006) 106,116
aSS. dolaramde (2009), mcirediT gaizarda eqsportic - 2.318 aSS. dolaridan (2006)
3.080 aSS. dolaramde (2009).
saqarTveloSi qaRaldis warmoeba Zalian dabalia. qaRaldis masis, qaRaldis, muyaosa da
maTi nakeTobebis warmoeba gaizarda 8.1 mln. laridan (2005) 21.6 mln-mde (2009), rac
saerTo warmoebuli produqciis mTeli moculobis 0.6% Seadgens. saqarTveloSi xdeba
mxolod SesafuTi da tualetis qaRaldis warmoeba Segrovebuli makulaturisgan. Tumca,

3
IIED/WBCSD (1996). Towards a Sustainable Paper Cycle.
4
European Commission GPP Training Toolkit - Module 3: Purchasing recommendations: Copying and Graphic
Paper, Background Product Report 2008.
5
Paper Task Force Recommendations for Purchasing and Using Environmentally Preferable Paper (1995). PDF.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/EnvironmentalDefenseFund.pdf
6
US EPA. Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures
for 2008. Rep. no. EPA-530-F-009-021. National Service Center for Environmental Publications (NSCEP), 2009.
(http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/msw2008rpt.pdf)

5
damatebiT, xdeba aseve mcire moculobiT meoradi saofise (konkretulad ki saweri)
qaRaldis warmoebac. 7
saqarTveloSi qaRaldis pasuxismgeblobiani gamoyenebisadmi momxmareblis damokidebulebis
Seswavlis mizniT 2010 wels “saqarTvelos bunebis SenarCunebis centris” (GCCW) mier
Catarebuli kvlevis “qaRaldis moxmareba saqarTveloSi” mixedviT gamokiTxulTa
umetesobam icis, rom qaRaldis warmoeba didi raodenobiT xis masalas saWiroebs.
maTTvis aseve cnobilia, rom warmoebis procesSi bevri damabinZurebeli nivTiereba
gamoiyofa garemoSi da rom arsebobs pirdapiri kavSiri tyis Wrasa da klimatis
cvlilebas Soris. kvlevis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi meoradi (gadamuSavebuli) qaRaldis
da/an sertificirebuli qaRaldis moxmarebis wili saerTo moxmarebuli qaRaldis
daaxloebiT 1% Seadgens. meoradi qaRaldis da/an sertificirebuli qaRaldis moxmarebis
aseTi dabali maCvenebeli savaraudod, ZiriTadad gamowveulia momxmarebelTa mxridan aseT
produqtze umniSvnelo moTxovniT, rac TavisTavad momxmareblis dabali cnobierebis
donis Sedegia – jer erTi, xisgan damzadebuli qaRaldis moxmarebisas sazogadoebam ar
icis im didi uaryofiTi zegavlenis Sesaxeb rac modis tyeze, da meorec, arsebobs
mcdari warmodgena, rom meoradi da sertificirebuli qaRaldi bevrad ufro Zviria
vidre Cveulebrivi qaRaldi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi ukve arsebobs garkveuli moTxovna meorad da
sertificirebul qaRaldze saerTaSoriso organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa da
adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxridan. am organizaciebidan bevrs gaaCnia
Sida regulireba da wesebi an ubralod neba, Tavisi saqmianobebis ganxorcielebisas
gamoiyenos garemosadmi megobruli midgomebi, pasuxismgeblobiani Seswyidvebis CaTvliT.
Tumca, Sesabamisi produqciis simciris gamo ver axorcielebs maT.
Catarebuli kvlevis mixedviT, momxmarebeli (gamomcemloba, stamba, sareklamo kompania)
umetes SemTxvevaSi (80%) Tavad gansazRvravs qaRaldis tips dabeWdvisTvis da mxolod
mcire SemTxvevaSi (20%) xdeba qaRaldis tipis SemoTavazeba importiori kompaniis mier.
imave kvlevis mixedviT, qaRaldis importiori kompaniebi mzad arian Secvalodn arsebuli
qaRaldi meoradi da/an sertificirebuli qaRaldiT momxmareblis mxridan moTxovnis
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi.
warmodgenili saxelmZRvanelos momzadebisas (2011) Catarda mcire mokvleva bazarze
meoradi da/an sertificirebuli saofise qaRaldis arsebobis Sesaswavlad. aRmoCnda, rom
wina welTan SedarebiT sertificirebuli saofise qaRaldi ufro metad xelmisawvdomi
gaxda.

7
Statistical Yearbook of Georgia: 2010 / National Statistics Office of Georgia. – Tbilisi, 2010. – 299 p
http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=wnews&lang=eng&npid=67

6
2. saqaRalde masis da qaRaldis warmoebis procesi

Sesyidvebze pasuxismgebeli pirebi, rogorc wesi, kargad icnoben Sesasyidi qaRaldis

specifikas da maxasiaTeblebs. Tumca, mcire informacias floben uSualod qaRaldis
warmoebis Sesaxeb. qaRaldis warmoebis procesi ramodenime safexurs moicavs, romlis
drosac xis celulozuri boWko (an sxva mcenaris boWko, an makulatura) gardaiqmneba
qaRaldad. qvemoT warmodgenilia qaRaldis warmoebis procesis mokle mimoxilva. 8
satyeo meurneoba – qaRaldis warmoebisaTvis ZiriTadi nedleuli aris xis boWko,
romlisganac miiReba saqaRalde masa. swored misgan xdeba sabolood qaRaldis furclis
miReba. qaRaldis dasamzadeblad saWiroa Zalian didi raodenobiT xis masala.
qerqis moSoreba/daqucmaceba (saqaRalde masis mosamzadebeli procesi) – am etapze xdeba
xis qerqis moSoreba da darCenili nawilis daqucmaceba.
saqaRalde masis momzadeba da recxva – saqaRalde masis momzadebis procesSi xis
daqucmacebuli nawilebidan xdeba qaRaldis damzadebisaTvis gamosadegi boWkos miReba. es
procesi SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes meqanikuri an qimiuri meTodiT.
saqaRalde masis miRebis meqanikuri meTodi gulisxmobs safqvavi qvebiT da/an maRali
temperaturiT xis fizikur daqucmacebas, ris Sedegadac miiReba saqaRalde masa. am
procesSi gamoiyeneba mTliani xis 90-95%. miRebuli masa, Cveulebriv, gamoiyeneba gazeTis
qaRaldis dasamzadeblad.
saqaRalde masis qimiuri meTodiT miRebis dros xdeba qimiuri nivTierebebis gamoyenebiT
xisgan qaRaldis masis miReba. am meTodiT, meqanikur meTodTan SedarebiT, mTliani xis
naklebi procenti gamoiyeneba. am wesiT momzadebuli boWko gansakuTrebulad Zlieria da
am gziT miRebuli saqaRalde masisgan mzaddeba sabeWdi da qsero, Jurnalis da
grafikuli qaRaldi da aseve sasursaTo produqtebisaTvis qaRaldis CanTebi da muyaos
SefuTva.
gadamuSavebuli qaRaldisTvis, saqaRalde masis miRebis meTodis dros makulatura
gamoiyeneba rogorc qaRaldis boWkos misaRebi nedleuli. am procesis dros xdeba
makulaturis garecxva da saRebavis moSoreba. gazeTi, tualetis qaRaldi da cxvirsaxoci
damzadebulia 100% saRebavmoSorebuli saqaRalde masisgan.
gaTeTreba – Tu mzaddeba TeTri qaRaldi, maSin saqaRalde masa gaivlis gaTeTrebis
process. xdeba am masis gaTeTreba an gaRiaveba. es procesi mimdinareobs qloris
Semcveli naerTebis, wyalbadis zeJangis an sxva araqloris Semcveli nivTierebebis
saSualebiT (damatebiTi informacia qlorisgan Tavisufali qaRaldis Sesaxeb mocemulia
qvemoT warmodgenil TavSi).
qaRaldis formireba – miRebuli saqaRalde masa SeiZleba pirdapir CaSvebul iqnas
qaRaldis damamzadebel manqanaSi an gamomSrali da dapresili saxiT gaigzavnos qarxnebSi.

8
Paper Task Force Recommendations for Purchasing and Using Environmentally Preferable Paper (1995). EDF.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/EnvironmentalDefenseFund.pdf

7
3. qaRaldis zemoqmedeba garemoze

saqaRalde masisa da qaRaldis warmoebis process mniSvnelovani zemoqmedeba aqvs

garemoze. warmoebis procesSi xdeba xis, wylis, energiis da qimiuri nivTierebebis didi
raodenobiT gamoyeneba. warmoebis process Tan axlavs sxvadasxva damabinZureblebis
gamoyofa - haerSi emisiebis, Camdinare wylebis da myari narCenebis saxiT.

3.1 gamoyenebuli nedleuli da warmoebis procesi

qaRaldis warmoebis procesi saWiroebs sxvadasxva nedleulsa da resurss: pirveladi
masala romlidanac xdeba boWkos miReba, qimiuri nivTierebebi, energia da wyali.
xe. qaRaldis warmoebaSi xe ZiriTad nedleuls warmoadgens. xis celulozuri
boWkosagan xdeba saqaRalde masis miReba, romlidanac Semdgom mzaddeba qaRaldi. xis
daaxloebiT naxevarze naklebi swored am celulozur boWkos Seicavs. 9
yovelwliurad qaRaldis warmoeba moixmars 500,000,000 m3 xis nedleuls (msoflioSi
saerTo Wrebis 15%). 10
qimiuri nivTierebebi. xisgan saqaRalde masisa da qaRaldis warmoeba qimiurad sakmaod
intensiuri procesia. saqaRalde masis miRebis da garecxvis procesSi, iseve rogorc
gaTeTrebisa da gaRiavebis procesSi, gamoiyeneba qimiuri xsnarebi. sxvadasxva tipis
qaRaldis moTxovnebis uzrunvelsayofad warmoebis procesSi damatebiT kidev sxva
qimiuri nivTierebebic gamoiyeneba.
wyali. qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens wyali. swored
wylis saSualebiT xdeba boWkos damuSaveba warmoebis TiToeul etapze. wyali gamoiyeneba
boWkos qimiuri damuSavebisas. agreTve saqaRalde masis qimiuri nivTierebebisgan da
organuli narCenebis kompleqsuri naerTebisgan gamosacalkeveblad.
xisgan erTi tona qaRaldis dasamzadeblad saWiroa 25-70 m3 wyali. xolo erTi tona
meoradi qaRaldis dasamzadeblad (makulaturidan boWkos warmoebis CaTvliT) 10-15 m3
wyali.
energia. saqaRalde masis da qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi gamoiyeneba eleqtroenergia da
orTqli. eleqtroenergiis moxmarebis done bevrad aris damokidebuli warmoebuli
qaRaldis tipze, uSualod warmoebisas gamoyenebul teqnologiaze da sxva.
mTlianad an nawilobriv xis boWkosgan damzadebuli erTi tona qaRaldis warmoebisTvis
ixarjeba 5,000 - 10,7000 kvt.sT/t. meoradi qaRaldis, rogorc nedleulis gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi ki ixarjeba 1,700 – 5.500 kvt.sT/t. qaRaldis warmoebisas moxmarebuli
energiis wyaro SeiZleba iyos hidroenergia, bunebrivi gazi, naxSiri an navTobi.

9
Paper Task Force Recommendations for Purchasing and Using Environmentally Preferable Paper (1995). EDF.
http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/EnvironmentalDefenseFund.pdf
10
European Commission GPP Training Toolkit - Module 3: Purchasing recommendations: Copying and Graphic
Paper, Background Product Report 2008

8
3.2 saqaRalde masis da qaRaldis warmoebis uaryofiTi zegavlena garemoze
saqaRalde masisa da qaRaldis warmoebis process mniSvnelovani uaryofiTi zegavlena
aqvs garemoze. warmoebis ZiriTad masalas xe warmoadgens, xis Wra ki iwvevs tyis
ganadgurebas, tyis funqciebis moSlasa da biomravalferovnebis kargvas. saqaRalde
masisa da qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi xdeba mniSvnelovani raodenobis
damabinZureblebis (haerSi, wyalSi da niadagSi) da narCenebis warmoqmna (nagavsayrelebze).

3.2.1. tyis ganadgureba da biomravalferovnebis kargva

tye biomravalferovnebis umniSvnelovanes TavSesafars warmoadgens. tyis ekosistemebSi
warmodgenilia mcenareTa da cxovelTa uamravi saxeoba. yovelwliurad tyeebi
milionobiT tona naxSirorJangs STanTqaven.
im xis masalis umetesi nawili, romelic qaRaldis warmoebaSi gamoiyeneba, modis
bunebriv da ekologiurad mgrZnobiare xeluxlebeli an pirveladi tyeebidan msoflios
sxvadasxva regionSi (amazonis tropikuli tyeebi, indonezia, ruseTi, kanada, sxva). 11
aramdgradi satyeo meurneoba iwvevs tyis ganadgurebas da Sesabamisad xeebsa da sxva
cocxal organizmebs (mcenareebs, cxovelebs, sokoebs da baqteriebs) Soris arsebuli
kavSiris rRvevas. msoflios zogierT regionSi xisgan saqaRalde masis gaZlierebuli
warmoeba da moxmareba safrTxes uqmnis SemorCenil bunebriv tyeebs, maT florasa da
faunas da aseve im xalxs, romelic damokidebulia am tyeebze.
xis mWreli kompaniebi, romlebic gamoiyeneben tyis pirwminda Wris meTods, did zians
ayeneben tyeebs, iwveven ra tyis fragmentacias an mis ganadgurebas. rig qveynebSi, tyis
Wra mimdinareobs ara mxolod aramdgradi gzebiT, aramed iseT adgilebSic sadac Wra
aralegaluria. mas Semdeg, rac moWrili xe-tye sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gaiyideba qaRaldisa
da sxva produqtis sawarmoeblad, misi warmomavlobis kanonierebis dadgena rTuli an
SeuZlebelic ki xdeba. 12
arsebobs swrafmzardi xis plantaciebi. bunebrivi tyeebisgan gansxvavebiT, xis
plantaciebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios garemoze uaryofiTi zegavlena. magaliTad,
biomravalferovnebis kargva, adgilze wylis ciklis darRveva, miwis produqtiulobis
daqveiTeba da mavneblebisa da daavadebaTa riskis zrda. Tumca, aseTi efeqti SeiZleba
dabalansdes, Tu moxdeba socialuri, garemosdacviTi da ekonomikuri Sedegebis frTxili
da gonivruli Sefaseba, xis plantaciebis swori mowyoba da marTva da ar moxdeba
plantaciebiT bunebrivi tyeebis Canacvleba. 13

11
European Commission GPP Training Toolkit - Module 3: Purchasing recommendations: Copying and Graphic
Paper, Background Product Report 2008
12
http://www.secret-life.org/paper/paper_environment.php
13
European Commission GPP Training Toolkit - Module 3: Purchasing recommendations: Copying and Graphic
Paper, Background Product Report 2008

9
3.2.2. wylis dabinZureba
wyali, romelic gamoyenebul iqna qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi, Seicavs bevr minarevs.
qloris Semcveli naerTebi, romlebic qaRaldis gaTeTrebis procesSi gamoiyeneba,
SeiZleba reaqciaSi Sevides wyalSi arsebul organul nivTierebebTan organuli
qloridebis warmoqmniT (dioqsini, qlorfenoli) organuli qloridebi toqsikuri
nivTierebebia da wylis garemoSi Znelad iSleba. optikuri maTeTreblebic moqmedebs
adamianis janmrTelobasa da garemoze, gansakuTrebiT ki wylis garemoze, vinaidan isini
Znelad iSleba bunebaSic da gamwmend sistemaSic. am nivTierebebs SeuZliaT alergiuli
reaqciebis gamowveva adamianebSi da toqsikuria wylis cocxali organizmebisTvis.

3.2.3. haeris dabinZureba

saqaRalde masisa da qaRaldis damzadebisas qarxnebidan haerSi gamoiyofa gamonabolqvi. es
gamonabolqvi warmoiqmneba rogorc uSualod qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi, aseve im
energiis gamomuSavebisas, romelic saWiroa warmoebisTvis (aseTi gamonabolqvis gamoyofa
xdeba SeSis an sxva sawvavis wvis procesSi). qarxnebs, romlebic iyeneben eleqtro
energias warmoebuls bunebrivi gazidan, SedarebiT naklebi gamonabolqvi aqvT, vidre im
qarxnebs, romlebic gamoiyeneben eleqtroenergias warmoebuls navTobis an naxSiris wvis
Sedegad. haeris saxifaTo damabinZureblebi da aqroladi organuli naerTebi ZiriTadad
warmoiqmneba warmoebis procesSi, maT Soris saqaRalde masis damzadebis, gaTeTrebis,
saqaRalde masis qimiuri meTodiT miRebis dros da aseve qimiur nivTierebaTa aRdgenis
sistemebidan. 14

3.2.4. narCenebi
yovelwliurad, milionobiT tona narCeni warmoiqmneba qaRaldis industriidan. narCeni
sxvadasxva saxisaa da moicavs wundebul produqts, sxvadasxva saxis Slams da ferfls
(es ukanaskneli im SemTxvevaSi, roca qarxnebSi aris insiniratori da xdeba narCenebis
dawva). Slamma SeiZleba daabinZuros niadagi, haeri da wyali. 15
nagavsayrelze moxvedril myar narCenebs Soris yvelaze didi wili modis makulaturaze.
Tumca, am makulaturis umetesoba SeiZleba xelaxla iyos gamoyenebuli meoradi
qaRaldis dasamzadeblad an sxva miznebisaTvis. 16

14
Paper Task Force Recommendations for Purchasing and Using Environmentally Preferable Paper (1995).
EDF. http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/wycd/waste/downloads/EnvironmentalDefenseFund.pdf
15
M.C. Monte et al (2008) Waste management from pulp and paper production in the European Union
16
http://www.thepaperlifecycle.org/landfill/in_depth/what-goes-landfill

10
4. saofise qaRaldis Sesyidvisas gasaTvaliswinebeli
sakiTxebi

qvemoT warmodgenilia is sakiTxebi, romlebic gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos saofise

qaRaldis Sesyidvisas.

4.1. rogor mivxvdeT qaRaldi mdgradad marTuli tyidan aris warmoebuli Tu

ara?
arsebobs tyis sertificirebis sqemebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen tyis eqspluatacias
legaluri da garemosa da socialuri standartebis gaTvaliswinebiT. qvemoT
warmodgenilia ori yvelaze mniSvnelovani sqema.

satyeo sameurveo sabWos mier ganxorcielebuli sertificireba (FSC)

satyeo sameurveo sabWo warmoadgens saerTaSoriso qsels, romelic
xels uwyobs msoflioSi tyeebis pasuxismgeblobian marTvas. sabWo
akreditacias aZlevs damoukidebel organizaciebs FSC standartze
tyis mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad. tyis sameurveo sabWos sasaqonlo
niSani - saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli simbolo - eniWeba im
organizaciebs, romlebic mxars uWeren tyis pasuxismgeblobian
marTvas. FSC sertificirebuli qaRaldis SefuTvaze aucileblad
moTavsebulia satyeo sameurveo sabWos logo. 17
FSC sasaqonlo niSani SeiZleba moTavsdes saofise qaRaldis im
produqtze, romelic Seicavs arasertificirebul da sertificirebul
pirveladi boWkos nazavsac. pirveladi boWkos saerTo raodenobis minimum 30%-i unda
warmoadgendes FSC sertificirebul saqaRalde masas.
damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT: www.fsc.org

tyis sertificirebis damowmebis programa (PEFC)

PEFC warmoadgens saerTaSoriso, damoukidebel, arakomerciul,
arasamTavrobo organizacias, romelic daarsda 1999 wels. PEFC
xels uwyobs tyis mdgrad marTvas damoukidebeli sertificirebis
gziT da momxmarebels aZlevs garantias xis da qaRaldis produqtze.
PEFC, iseve rogorc FSC saboloo produqtis sertificirebis
kuTxiT momxmarebels sTavazobs mdgradobis dadasturebas. amasTan
erTad, sertificirebuli produqti misaRebi xdeba korporatiuli
pasuxismgeblobiani Sesyidvebis politikis mqone
organizaciebisaTvis. 18
damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT: www.pefc.org/internet/html/

17
www.fsc.org
18
www.pefc.org/internet/html

11
4.2. rogor mivxvdeT qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi iyo Tu ara gamoyenebuli
qlori?
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, qloris Semcveli naerTebi, romlebic qaRaldis gaTeTrebis
procesSi gamoiyeneba, mniSvnelovnad uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens garemoze. imisaTvis, rom
Tavidan aviciloT am nivTierebebis garemoSi gamoyofa, qaRaldis gaTeTrebis procesi
unda warimarTos qloris da qloris Semcveli nivTierebebis gareSe.
saofise qaRaldis SefuTvebze moTavsebuli abreviaturebi da logoebi, romlebic
qvemoTaa warmodgenili gviCvenebs, rom qaRaldi warmoebulia qloris gamoyenebis gareSe.
ECF (damzadebulia qloris gamoyenebis gareSe) – elementaruli qloris gazis magivrad
gamoyenebulia qloris zogierTi naerTi, magaliTad qloris dioqsidi, rac amcirebs
qloris organuli naerTebis warmoqmnas. 19
TCF (damzadebulia qlorisa da misi naerTebis gamoyenebis gareSe) – qaRaldis gaTeTrebis
procesSi ar aris gamoyenebuli qlori an qloris raime naerTi. msoflioSi warmoebuli
saqaRalde masis mxolod 7% aris warmoebuli am gziT, ZiriTadad Crdilo da
centralur evropaSi.
PCF (gadamuSavebulia qloris gamoyenebis gareSe) – meoradi qaRaldis warmoebis
procesSi makulaturisgan miRebuli boWkos gaTeTrebis procesi mimdinareobs qloris
gamoyenebis gareSe.
TCF da PCF qaRalds SefuTvaze SeiZleba hqondes logoebic:

4.3. garemosdacviTi menejmetis sqemebi

garemosdacviTi menejmentis sqemebi warmoadgenen instruments, romelic exmareba
organizaciebs gaaumjobeson garemosdacviT regulaciebTan Sesabamisoba. aseT sqemebs
miekuTvneba “eko-menejmenti da auditis sqema” (EMAS) da garemosdacviTi menejmentis
sqemis evropuli/saerTaSoriso standartebi (EN / ISO 14001).20
ISO 14001 standartebi exeba garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemebs da amisTvis im
organizaciebs, romlebsac survili aqvT imuSaon mdgradi garemosdacviTi midgomebis
gamoyenebiT, aZlevs Sesabamis miTiTebebs., ISO standartis miniWeba adasturebs imas. rom
organizaciis saqmianoba warimarTeba saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli garemosadmi mdgradi
praqtikis Sesabamisad. ISO moTxovnebi SesaZleblobas aZlevs organizaciebs moaxdinon
maTi saqmianobiT, warmoebuli produqciiT da servisiT gamowveuli garemoze zegavlenis
identifikacia da kontroli.

19
http://www.nzbcsd.org.nz/paper/content.asp?id=412
20
European Commission (2004). Buying Green. A handbook on Environmental Public Procurement.

12
ISO 14000 (garemosdacviTi marTva) exeba produqtis warmoebis process da ara uSualod
produqts. 21

4.4. eko-etiketebi
eko-etiketebis sqemebi, damoukidebeli mxaris Sefasebis safuZvelze, iZleva informacias
imis Sesaxeb, rom produqti garemosdacviTi kuTxiT misaRebia. eko-etiketi aris
nebayoflobiTi sertificirebisa da Semowmebis procesi. saofise qaRaldisTvis arsebobs
ramodenime saxis eko-etiketi, magaliTad, European Ecolabel, Nordic Swan da sxva. zogi
eko-etiketi exeba rogorc Tavad produqts, aseve misi warmoebis process. 22

saofise da grafikul qaRaldze gamosaxuli evrokavSiris yvavilis eko-

etiketi mianiSnebs, rom 1. qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi gamoyenebulia
meoradi boWko (makulaturidan); 2. pirveladi boWko aris mdgradad marTuli
tyeebidan, da 3. warmoebis procesSi gogirdis da naxSirorJangis haerSi
gamonabolqvi da wylis dabinZureba Semcirebulia. 23

qaRaldis produqtebze Swan eko-etiketis kriteriumebi moicavs saqaRalde

masisa da qaRaldis warmoebasTan dakavSirebul mraval moTxovnas. arsebobs
Swan logos ori moduli. ZiriTadi moduli moicavs moTxovnebs romelic
exeba tyis marTvas, emisiebs, energias da narCenebs saqaRalde masisa da
qaRaldis warmoebis procesSi. qimiuri moduli ki moicavs moTxovnebs
saqaRalde masisa da qaRaldis warmoebaSi gamoyenebuli qimiuri nivTierebis
mimarT. 24

meoradi gadamuSavebis simbolo (universal recycling symbol), pirvelad

SemuSavebul da gamoyenebul iqna gadamuSavebuli muyaos mwarmoebelTa mier.
SemdgomSi, moxda misi industriaSi farTod gamoyeneba sxvadasxva qaRaldis
nawarmSi meoradi Semcvelobis popularizaciis mizniT. es simbolo SeiZleba
gamoyenebuli iyos imis aRsaniSnavad, rom qaRaldi an konverti SeiZleba
xelaxla iqnas gadamuSavebuli da/an rom warmodgenili qaRaldi an konverti
warmoebulia meoradi boWkosagan. Tu produqtze orive informacia ar aris miTiTebuli,
maSin aRniSnuli unda iyos, es niSani exeba produqtis gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobas, Tu
masSi meoradi gadamuSavebis masalis Semcvelobas. 25

21
www.iso.org
22
European Commission GPP Training Toolkit - Module 3: Purchasing recommendations: Copying and Graphic
Paper, Background Product Report 2008
23
European Commission Environment
http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/ecolabelled_products/categories/copying_paper_en.htm
24
Nordic Ecolabelling of Paper products — Chemical module (2003)
25
http://www.paperrep.com/content/environment-recycling.aspx

13
5. mwvane Sesyidvebi

organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuli mwvane Sesyidvebi moicavs e.w. mwvane momaragebis

jaWvis programis farglebSi ganxorcielebul Sesyidvebs (masalebi, komponentebi, mza
produqtebi romlebic gamoyenebuli iqneba sxva saboloo produqtis warmoebisaTvis) an
Sesyidvebs, romlebic xorcieldeba ofisis piradi moxmarebisaTvis (mag. ofisis
aRWurviloba, sakancelario nivTebi da a.S.). egreT wodebul “mwvane” produqtebze
momxmarebelTa mxridan moTxovnis gazrdam SeiZleba Secvalos mwarmoebelTa midgoma
ufro metad pasuxismgebliani warmoebisaken. Sesyidvebis “gamwvaneba” mniSvnelovnad
Seuwyobs xels garemosadmi naklebsaziano produqtis popularizacias da amiT, garemos
dacvas. 26
organizaciaSi mwvane Sesyidvebis programis ganxorcieleba etapobrivi procesia. igi
SeiZleba ganxorcieldes rogorc arsebuli garemosdacviTi marTvis sistemis nawili an
rogorc damoukidebeli programa.

5.1. mwvane Sesyidvebis politika

organizaciis/kompaniis mxridan qaRaldis pasuxismgeblobiani moxmarebisaken pirveli
nabiji iqneba “mwvane Sesyidvebis politikis” SemuSaveba. politika gamoxatavs
organizaciis xelmZRvanelobis mier aRebul valdebulebas da survils ganaxorcielos
mwvane Sesyidvebis programa. mwvane Sesyidvebis politikis dokumentSi, rogorc wesi,
aRebuli valdebulebis garda aRniSnulia organizaciis garemosdacvasTan dakavSirebuli
xedva da miznebi. masSi miTiTebuli unda iyos, exeba Tu ara Sesyidvebis politika yvela
saSualebebs, Tu Semoifargleba mxolod ramodenimeTi. kargi iqneba Tu organizacia
acnobebs momwodeblebs Tavisi mwvane Sesyidvebis politikis Sesaxeb. Ddetaluri
informacia Sesasyidi produqtis garemosdacviTi da socialuri kriteriumebis Sesaxeb
momwodebels ecnobeba mogvianebiT.

5.2. Sesyidvebis kriteriumebis SemuSaveba

momwodeblisTvis Sesyidvebis kriteriumebis Sedgenisas, garda ukve arsebuli
tradiciuli faqtorebisa, rogoricaa produqtis usafrTxoeba, fasi, Sesruleba/miwodeba
da xelmisawvdomoba, mniSvnelovani gaxda aseve garemosdacviTi da socialuri
komponentebis gaTvaliswinebac.
WWF-is qaRaldis Sesyidvis gzamkvlevi iZleva Semdeg rekomendaciebs: 27
• gazardeT meoradi da/an sertificirebuli boWkosgan damnzadebuli qaRaldis
moxmareba da ufro metad gamoiyeneT FSC-sa da PEFC-s etiketiani qaRaldi;
• gamoiyeneT qaRaldi, romelic damzadebulia gaTeTrebis gareSe da/an TCF an PCF-
s etiketiani qaRaldi;

26
International Green Purchasing Network (IGPN). Green Purchasing and Public Procurement. A Starter Kit.
http://www.igpn.org/focus_on/kit/GP&GPP_Starter_Kit/index.htm
27
WWF Guide to Buying Paper, WWF International 2007

14
 • upiratesoba mianiWeT im mwarmoeblebs, romlebic ganaxorcieleben mesame-mxaris
damowmebul garemosdacviT sistemebs, rogoricaa ISO 14001 an EMAS da
romlebic axorcieleben karg garemosdacviT angariSgebas.

5.3. komunikacia momwodebelTan

bevri momwodebeli da kontraqtori mzad aris iTanamSromlos myidvelTan da
daakmayofilos misi garemosdacviTi moTxovnebi da standartebi. Sedegad, kargi
garemosdacviTi praqtika xels uwyobs efeqturobis da konkurentunarianobis zrdas da
aseve amcirebs momwodeblis danaxarjebs. garda amisa, myidvelis moTxovnebis
dakmayofileba, rogorc wesi, niSnavs grZelvadian biznes-partniorobis Camoyalibebas. 28
mniSvnelovania, rom myidvelis Sesyidvebis politika, produqtis maxasiaTeblebi da sxva
Sesabamisi informacia frTxilad, naTlad da Tanmimdevrulad miewodos momwodebels.
momwodeblisTvis am informaciis droulad miwodeba ki xels Seuwyobs produqciaze
myidvelis specifiuri moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas.

5.4. monitoringis meqanizmis SemuSaveba

organizaciam, mwvane Sesyidvebis moTxovnebTan erTad, aucilebelia SeimuSavos
monitoringis meqanizmi, riTac uzrunvelyofili iqneba imis Semowmeba, asrulebs Tu ara
momwodebeli Sesyidvebis moTxovnebs.
am mizniT, organizaciam unda gadawyvitos, Tu rogor ganaxorcielos Sesyidvebis axal
kriteriumebTan momwodeblis Sesabamisobis monitoringi da Sefaseba. es SeiZleba iyos,
magaliTad:
• monitoringi, auditis meTodebi da ganrigi;
• momwodeblis mxridan dokumentaluri damowmeba/deklarireba, kerZod, eko-etiketis
programis Sesabamisobis, ISO, FSC an PEFC-is licenzia an sertifikati;
• Tavad Semsyidvelis mier moxdes momwodeblis sertificireba an momwodebels
moeTxovos ganaxorcielos produqtis warmoebis procesis da/an produqtis (mag.
eko-etiketi) monitoringi da Sefaseba;
• momwodeblis informireba produqtis Sesaxeb;
• momwodeblis TviT-Sefasebis angariSi an Sevsebuli garemosdacviTi kiTxvari;
• sakuTari personalis mier adgilze auditis an Sefasebis ganxorcieleba;
• mesame mxaris mier auditis Catareba adgilze.

damatebiTi informaciisTvis ixileT:

http://www.igpn.org/focus_on/kit/GP&GPP_Starter_Kit/index.htm

28
International Green Purchasing Network (IGPN). Green Purchasing and Public Procurement. A Starter Kit.
http://www.igpn.org/focus_on/kit/GP&GPP_Starter_Kit/index.htm

15
mwvane Sesyidvebis ganxorcielebis etapebi

1. mwvane Sesyidvebis politikis SemuSaveba

2. mwvane kriteriumebis SemuSaveba da gaTvaliswineba:

a. meoradi da/an FSC an PEFC etiketiani qaRaldis moTxovna
b. TCF an PCF qaRaldis moTxovna;
g. upiratesobis miniWeba im mwarmoeblebze, romlebic ganaxorcieleben mesame-
mxaris mier damowmebul garemosdacviT sistemebs, rogoricaa ISO 14001 an
EMAS, da aseve eko-etiketebi

3. momwodebelTan komunikacia

4. monitoringis meqanizmebis SemuSaveba da ganxorcieleba:

a. momwodeblis mxridan dokumentaluri damowmeba/deklarireba
b. sakuTari personalis mier adgilze auditis an Sefasebis ganxorcieleba
g. mesame mxaris mier auditis Catareba adgilze

16
ENPI FLEG programis Sesaxeb
ENPI FLEG (satyeo seqtorSi kanonaRsrulebisa da marTvis gaumjobeseba evropis samezoblo politikis
aRmosavleT qveynebsa da ruseTSi)programa mxars uWers monawile qveynebis mTavrobebs, samoqalaqo
sazogadoebas da kerZo seqtors tyis mdgradi da racionaluri marTvis praqtikis danergvaSi, am
qveynebSi tyesTan dakavSirebuli aralegaluri saqmianobis Semcirebis CaTvliT. monawile qveynebia:
somxeTi, azerbaijani, belorusi, saqarTvelo, moldova, ruseTi da ukraina. programa finansdeba
evrokavSiris mier. www.enpi-fleg.org

programis partniorebi
evropuli komisia
evrokavSiri warmoadgens ganviTarebadi qveynebis daxmarebis sferoSi msoflios umsxviles donors.
EuropeAid Development and Cooperation, evrokomisiis generaluri direqtorati axorcielebs evropul
ganviTarebis politikas da msoflio masStabiT qveynebs daxmarebas uwevs. EuropeAid gaaCnia rigi
finansuri instrumentebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs daxmarebis maRal xarisxs da efeqturobas. rogorc
aqtiuri da proaqtiuri organizacia, Cven mxarsw vuWerT efeqtur marTvas, socialur da ekonomikur
gaviTarebas, aseve vmuSaobT iseT globalur sakiTxebze rogoricaa SimSilis daZleva da bunebrivi
resursebis dacva.

msoflio banki
msoflio banki warmoadgens ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebis erT-erT
umsxviles wyaros msoflioSi. Cveni misiaa mdgradi Sedegis misaRwevad enTuziazmiTa da
profesionalizmiT vebrZoloT siRaribes. aseve davexmaroT adamianebs gaiumjobeson TavianTi mdgomareoba
da sacxovrebeli garemo maTTvis resursebis miwodebis, codnis gaziarebis, SesaZleblobebis
gaumjobesebis, saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebSi partnioruli urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis gziT.
www.worldbank.org

bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiri

IUCN, bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiri exmareba msoflios garemosa dacvisa da ganviTarebis
sferoSi arsebuli urTulesi problemebidan pragmatuli gamosavlis moZebnaSi. IUCN-is saqmianobis
sferoebia: biomravalferovneba, klimatis cvlileba, energia, mosaxleobis saarsebo wyaro da msoflio
ekonomikis ekologizacia. IUCN mxars uWers samecniero kvlevebs mTels msoflioSi, axorcielebs
konkretul proeqtebs adgilebze da erTmaneTTan akavSirebs mTavrobebis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis,
gaerosa da kerZo seqtoris warmomadgenlebs politikis, kanonebisa da saukeTeso praqtikis gaumjobeseba
ganviTarebis mizniT. IUCN msoflios uZvelesi da udidesi garemos dacviTi globaluri organizaciaa,
romlis wevria 1,000-ze meti samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizacia da 11 000-mde damoukidebeli
eqsperti 160 qveyanaSi. IUCN-i Tavis saqmianobas msoflio masStabiT axorcielebs 60 ofisis, 1000-ze
meti TanamSromlisa da asobiT partniori sajaro, kerZo da arasamTavrobo organizaciis meSveobiT.
www.iucn.org

bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi

bunebis dacvis msoflio fondi warmoadgens msoflios erT-erT udides, pativsacem da damoukidebel
bunebis dacvis organizacias 5 milioni mxardamWeriTa da 100-ze met qveyanaSi moqmedi globaluri
qseliT. bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis misiaa dedamiwis bunebrivi garemos degradaciis SeCereba da
iseTi momavlis Seqmna, sadac adamianebi bunebasTan harmoniulad icxovreben. am mizniT bunebis dacvis
msoflio fondi mxars uWers msoflios biologiuri mravalferovnebis dacvas, ganaxlebadi bunebrivi
resursebis mdgrad gamoyenebasa da dabinZurebisa da resursebis gadaWarbebuli moxmarebis Semcirebas.
www.panda.org
aRniSnuli publikacia momzadda evrokavSiris daxmarebiT. publikaciis Sinaarsze mTlianad
pasuxismgebelia avtori da is araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda iqnes gagebuli rogorc evrokavSiris
Tvalsazrisi. gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi SesaZlebelia ar emTxveodes programis ganmaxorcilebeli
organizaciebis azrs.

17
About ENPI FLEG Program
The ENPI FLEG Program supports governments of participating countries, civil society and the private sector in
the development of sound and sustainable forest management practices, including the prevention of illegal
forestry activities. Participating countries include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Russia and
Ukraine. This Program is funded by the European Union.
www.enpi-fleg.org

Project Partners
European Commission
The European Union is the world’s largest donor of official development assistance. EuropeAid Development and
Cooperation, a Directorate General of the European Commission, is responsible for designing European
development policy and delivering aid throughout the world. EuropeAid delivers aid through a set of financial
instruments with a focus on ensuring the quality of EU aid and its effectiveness. An active and proactive player in
the development field, we promote good governance, human and economic development and tackle universal
issues, such as fighting hunger and preserving natural resources.

World Bank
The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world.
Our mission is to fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results and to help people help
themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging
partnerships in the public and private sectors.
Learn more: www.worldbank.org

IUCN
IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most
pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human
livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the
world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best
practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000
government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is
supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around
the world.
www.iucn.org

WWF
WWF is one of the world’s largest and most respected independent conservation organizations, with almost 5
million supporters and a global network active in over 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop the degradation of
the earth’s natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature, by conserving
the world’s biological diversity, ensuring that the use of renewable natural resources is sustainable, and promoting
the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption.
www.panda.org

This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this
publication are the sole responsibility of author and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the
European Union. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the Implementing Organizations.

18