WHAT IS A SYNTHESIS PAPER

A synthesis paper is a type of academic writing that requires the author to

draw upon multiple sources to make connections, compare different
perspectives, and integrate information around a central theme or argument.
The purpose of a synthesis paper is not merely to summarize the individual
sources but to create a new understanding or present a unique perspective on
the topic by combining elements from those sources. This involves analyzing
the relationships between the sources, identifying common themes or
contradictions, and using those insights to construct a coherent and
comprehensive argument or narrative.

Key Characteristics of a Synthesis Paper:

Integrative: It goes beyond summarizing sources to integrate ideas and create

a new understanding of the topic.
Analytical: It involves critical thinking to examine similarities, differences,
and relationships between the sources.
Thematic or Argumentative: The paper is often organized around specific
themes, issues, or a thesis statement that the writer intends to argue or
explore.
Source-Based: It relies on multiple sources, including articles, books, reports,
and other relevant documents, to support the synthesis.
Cited: All sources are properly cited throughout the paper, adhering to a
specific citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago).

Purposes of a Synthesis Paper:

To Examine Diverse Perspectives: It can compare and contrast different

viewpoints on a subject, highlighting the complexity of the topic.
To Build a Cohesive Argument: By synthesizing information, the writer can
construct a more compelling argument than what might be presented in a
single source.
To Identify Gaps in Research: Through the integration of various sources, it
may reveal areas where further investigation is needed.
To Educate on a Topic: It provides a comprehensive overview of a subject by
pooling knowledge from various sources, making it accessible to the reader.

Types of Synthesis Papers:

Explanatory Synthesis: Aims to explain a topic or process by breaking it

down and presenting it in a clear and organized manner, without necessarily
taking a stance.
Argumentative Synthesis: Seeks to argue a specific point or perspective,
using evidence from multiple sources to support the argument and address
counterarguments.

Writing a Synthesis Paper:

Writing this type of paper involves several steps, including selecting a topic,
conducting research, developing a thesis statement, creating an outline,
writing drafts, and revising. The process demands critical thinking and
analytical skills to effectively combine information from the sources into a
coherent and persuasive document that reflects the writer’s understanding
and viewpoint on the topic.

In essence, a synthesis paper is an advanced form of writing that challenges

the author to create something new and insightful by weaving together
information and perspectives from various sources, all while contributing to
the reader’s understanding of a complex subject.

Writing a synthesis paper effectively involves combining information from

various sources to present a new perspective or build an argument on a topic.
This type of paper requires critical thinking, a deep understanding of the
subject matter, and the ability to discern relationships between different
sources. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you write a compelling synthesis
paper:

1. Understand the Purpose

Determine whether your synthesis paper is argumentative, aiming to present
and support a specific argument, or explanatory, aiming to explain
information and viewpoints without taking a side.

2. Choose a Topic
Select a topic that is broad enough to find multiple relevant sources yet
narrow enough to be thoroughly explored in your paper.

3. Conduct Preliminary Research

Start by gathering a wide range of sources on your topic, including books,
journal articles, and reputable online resources. Look for themes,
controversies, and commonalities among the sources.

4. Develop a Thesis Statement

Your thesis statement should encapsulate the main argument or perspective
of your synthesis. It should be specific, debatable, and reflect the synthesis of
the information you have gathered from your sources.

5. Create an Outline
Organize your main points and supporting evidence from your sources into
an outline. A typical structure might include:

 Introduction: Introduce your topic, provide context, and present your

thesis statement.
 Body Paragraphs: Structure each paragraph around a single point or
theme. Use evidence from your sources to support your points, and
explain how this evidence relates to your thesis. Make sure to show the
 relationships between sources, including how they agree or disagree with
each other.
 Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your paper, restate your thesis
in light of the evidence presented, and possibly suggest areas for further
research or the implications of your findings.

6. Write the First Draft

Following your outline, write the first draft of your paper. Focus on
articulating your argument and integrating your sources. Don't worry too
much about perfect grammar or style at this stage.

7. Incorporate Sources Thoughtfully

Use summaries, paraphrases, and direct quotes from your sources to support
your argument. Be mindful of balancing your voice with the voices from your
sources. Properly cite all sources according to the required citation style
(APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) to avoid plagiarism.

8. Revise for Content and Structure

Review your draft to ensure your argument is clear and well-supported.
Check the organization of your paper, making sure each paragraph flows
logically to the next. Adjust your thesis if necessary to better reflect the
argument you have developed.

9. Edit for Clarity and Style

Edit your paper to improve sentence structure, word choice, and overall
clarity. Ensure your writing is concise and that your argument is clearly
communicated.

10. Proofread for Errors

Carefully proofread your final draft to correct any spelling, grammar, or
punctuation errors. Pay special attention to the formatting of citations and
references.

11. Final Review

Give your paper a final read-through to ensure it effectively synthesizes your
sources and presents a coherent, compelling argument or explanation.
Consider having someone else review it to catch any issues you might have
missed.

Writing a synthesis paper is a rigorous but rewarding process that showcases

your ability to engage with multiple sources and articulate a unique
perspective or argument. By following these steps, you can produce a
synthesis paper that is insightful, well-researched, and persuasive.