INTRODUCTION SYNTHETIC SOURCES: (manmade)

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NATURAL SOURCES:
Plants DRUG LAWS

- Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

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Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (1938)

NATURAL SOURCES:
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Animal Products
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Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951)

Inorganic compounds
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Kefauver-Harris Act (1962)

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Orphan Drug Act (1983)

Generic Act - Philippines (1988)

FDA EVALUATION PROCESS FOR DRUGS

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 FDA PREGNANCY CATEGORIES

RECEPTOR THEORY OF DRUG ACTION

DRUG- ENZYME INTERACTION

DRUGS AND THE BODY

SELECTIVE TOXICITY
(more selective, less adverse effects)

PHARMACOKINETICS
(HOW THE BODY ACTS ON THE DRUG)

PHARMACODYNAMICS
(HOW THE DRUG AFFECTS THE BODY)

DRUG ACTION: DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

RECEPTOR SITES:
I. ABSORPTION III. BIOTRANSFORMATION

ROUTES:
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FACTORS AFFECTING ABSORPTION:

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IV. EXCRETION

II. DISRIBUTION

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 TOXIC EFFECTS OF DRUGS
ADVERSE EFFECTS

FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG EFFECTS

Primary Action Adverse Effects

Secondary Action Adverse Effects

HYPERSENSITIVITY (sobra ra ang effect)

DRUG ALLERGY (antibody attacks particular drug)

DRUG INTERACTIONS
ALLERGY TYPES:
I. ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
1. DRUG-DRUG

II. CYTOTOXIC REACTION

2. DRUG-FOOD

III. SERUM SICKNESS REACTION

3. DRUG-LABORATORY TEST

IV. DELAYED ALLERGIC REACTION

DRUG INDUCED TISSUE AND ORGAN DAMAGE

CELL CYCLE

ALTERATION IN GLUCOSE METABOLISM

ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCES

CELL PROPERTIES

ENDOCYTOSIS

CELL PHYSIOLOGY
EXOCYTOSIS

ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS (ANTIBIOTICS)

Anti-infectives can affect cells by:

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CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY

PENICILLINS AND PENICILLINASE-RESISTANT

BROAD VS NARROW SPECTRUM ACTIVITY ANTIBIOTICS

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COMBINATION THERAPY

RESISTANCE

Extended Spectrum

ADVERSE REACTIONS

ANTIBIOTICS
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AMINOGLYCOIDS

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FLOUROQUINOLONES

LINCOSAMIDES

MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTICS

MACROLIDES

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 SULFONAMIDES ✓

OTHER ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS

ANTIMALARIALS
TETRACYCLINES -
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OTHER ANTIPROTOZOALS
 ANTIHELMINTIC

ANTIFUNGALS

AZOLES ANTIFUNGALS
 Amphotericin B

ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
TOPICAL ANTIFUNGALS
ALKYLATING AGENTS

ANTIVIRALS -
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✓ ANTIMETABOLITES
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ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIBIOTICS

MITOTIC INHIBITORS

HORMONES & HORMONES MODULATORS

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