Workshop 5, 30 September 2003

Type of product: Cement defined

and specified in EN 197-1
• Constituents
Criteria to qualify for Generic – 6 well defined main constituents
Approval – Specially selected minor additional constituents
(limited to 5 m.-%)
Example for cement – Additives (limited to 1 m.-%)
• Composition (27 cement types)
Gerd THIELEN • Required characteristics (mechanical, physical,
Verein Deutscher Zementwerke e.V. chemical)
• Conformity criteria for required characteristics

September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 2

Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Use of Regulated Substances in Intended use of cement in view of

the product fabrication possible release scenarios
• No active use • Constituent for concrete exposed to
leaching into
– Drinking water
– Ground or surface water
– Sub base soil

September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 3 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 4
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Long-term experiences in leaching

State of the Art on emission
performance
during the service life under intended use performance
• No active use of Regulated Substances
• Drinking water storage and distribution
– e.g. water tanks, pipes, etc. • Source of Regulated Substances
– Traces in raw and process materials
• Foundations of buildings
– e.g. in drinking water resource areas

September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 5 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 6
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Criteria to qualify for Generic Approval 1

Workshop 5, 30 September 2003

Average trace element contents State of the Art on emission performance (1)
Content of chromium in German standard cements
[g/t (ppm)] 250

Element Diabas Clay shale Lithosphere Cement Cr

Arsenic (As) 1.9 13 1.8 7.0 200

Lead (Pb) 7.8 20 13.0 17

Content in µg/g
150
Cadmium (Cd) 0.15 0.30 0.20 0.4

Chromium (Cr) 114 90 100 41

100

Cobalt (Co) 47 19 25 8.7

Copper (Cu) 110 45 55 31 50

Nickel (Ni) 76 68 75 23
0
Zinc (Zn) 86 95 70 192
Analysed sample

September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 7 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 8
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

State of the Art on emission performance (2) State of the Art on emission performance (3)
Release of chromium through leaching of concrete in a Time dependent release of chromium through leaching
standard tank test (solid test specimen) after 64 days of concrete
15 0,3
Spiked cement
Leached amount in mg/m 2

Total chromium content

Chromium release rate

1400 mg/kg
in mg/(m 2 • h)

10 0,2
German
cements

5 0,1

Limiting value according

DIBt code of practice, part II
0 0
0 500 1000 1500 0 20 40 60 80
Total chromium content in ppm Leaching time in d
September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 9 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 10
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Specifications for concrete

German regulations (1)
exposed for leaching
No-adverse-effect-immission limits according DIBt code of practice, part II

• EAS for materials and products in contact Inorganic parameter No-Adverse-Effect-

Levels (µg/l)
Maximum release after 56 d
leaching mg/m2 [Emission
with drinking water on EU level [Immission limit] limit for verification]
Arsenic (As) 10 5
• Requirements for materials and products in
Lead (Pb) 25 12
contact with soil and ground water on MS Cadmium (Cd) 5 2.4
level Chromium, total (Cr) 50
Transfer
24
Chromium (Cr) 8 4
• ...... Model
Cobalt (Co) 50 24
Copper (Cu) 50 24
Nickel (Ni) 50 24
Zinc (Zn) 500 150
September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 11 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 12
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Criteria to qualify for Generic Approval 2

Workshop 5, 30 September 2003

Theoretical diagram on the assessment of

German regulations (2) construction products relating to the
Preservation of groundwater Transfer model for
immission control protection of soil and groundwater
Leachate Concentration Construction products
Phase 1
GW GW
Determination of substances
x = 0 : Emission
No approval
yes Exclusion criteria met?
x x = xR : Immission
no
xR Time
Initial assessment of State-of-the-Art
on Leaching performance Generic approval
< No-adverse-effect-limit and practical experience without further
positive yes testing

no
Immission Further testing
September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 13 September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 14
Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Assessment of State of the Art of

Leaching performance
Analysis of leachates produced in standard tests

1 step Determination of general parameters

Harmful
alteration due to general
characterization
no
Determination of chemical parameters

Limit
immission levels Specific
exceeded no approval
2 step

September 2003 CSN Conference on the CPD and Regulated Substances 15

Coimbra, Portugal Gerd Thielen

Criteria to qualify for Generic Approval 3