(LIKING) Syntactic and Semantic Features of The Liking Verb Group in English and Their Vietnamese Equivalents

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY
PHAN THỊ THÙY NINH
SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE

“LIKING” VERB GROUP IN ENGLISH AND THEIR
VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS
(ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÚ PHÁP VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA NHÓM ĐỘNG
TỪ LIKING TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG
TIẾNG VIỆT)
M.A. THESIS
Field: English Language
Code: 8220201
Hanoi, 2018
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY
PHAN THỊ THÙY NINH
SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE

“LIKING” VERB GROUP IN ENGLISH AND THEIR
VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS
( ĐẶC ĐIỂM CÚ PHÁP VÀ NGỮ NGHĨA CỦA NHÓM ĐỘNG
TỪ LIKING TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG
TIẾNG VIỆT)
Field: English Language

Code: 8220201
Supervisor:Assoc. Prof. Dr. Phan Văn Quế
Hanoi, 2018
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled
“SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE LIKING VERB GROUP
AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS” submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language. Except where the
reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due
acknowledgement in the text of the thesis.
Hanoi, 2018
Phan Thi Thuy Ninh
Approved by
SUPERVISOR
Phan Văn Quế

Date:……………………
i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
During the whole process of conducting this study for her MA thesis, the
writer has received the support as well as encouragement from a number of people.
Thus, it will probably be an unacceptable mistake if this invaluable contribution to
the accomplishment of this thesis is not mentioned.
First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Assoc.
Prof. Dr Phan Van Que, my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported
me through the periods of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and
suggestion have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher.
My special word of thanks goes to all the lecturers in the Faculty of
Postgraduate Studies, Hanoi Open University for their very useful and interesting
lecturers which have laid the foundation for my thesis.
Last but not least, my sincere thanks are delivered to my beloved family and friends,
who unlimited love and support enabled me to complete this paper.
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ABSTRACT
This present thesis aims at dealing with investigating syntactic and semantic
features of the LIKING verb group and their Vietnamese equivalents. The methods
selected to analyze the syntactic and semantic features are Descriptive method (to
describe liking verb group in terms of their structures and meanings to draw some
conclusions on the syntactic and semantic features), and Contrastive method (to
detect the similarities and differences in the syntactic and semantic features of
liking verb group in English and Vietnamese). The data were collected from five
bilingual novels and short stories. From theses novels and short stories, 96 examples
are quoted, analyzed and used as the chief source for the qualitative evidence. The
received result is that, in terms of syntactic features , this verb group is used in only
three sentence patterns (SVO, SVOC, SVOA) among seven sentence patterns; in
terms of semantics, the liking verb group can be used with a variety of meaning in
Vietnamese. Theoretically, the study will provide a comprehensive and overall
knowledge about the syntactic and semantic feature of the LIKING verb group in
English. Moreover, the similarities and differences between this verb group in
English and In Vietnamese are very helpful in contrasting two languages.
Practically, the study will help the Vietnamese learners of English as foreign
language use the English LIKING verbs effectively in daily communication. It also
helps the Vietnamese teachers teach the syntax and semantics of the liking verb
group flexibly and sufficiently. The findings of the study is hopefully to be
beneficial to those who are engaged in teaching English as well as those who want
to learn English as foreign language.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Co Object complement
Cs Subject complement
E.g For example
i.e That is
NP Noun phrase
O Object
Oi Indirect object
Od Direct object
S Subject
V Verb
* Wrong sentence
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 The chief semantic function for each clause type. 13
Table 4.1: The sentence patterns of the Liking verb group 25
Table 4.2: The English Liking verb group and their Vietnamese Equivalent in term
of semantic feature. 47
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate of originality i
Acknowledgements ii
Abstract iii
List of abbreviations iv
List of tables v
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Rationale 1
1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 2
1.3 Research questions 2
1.4 Method of the study 2
1.5 Scope of the study 3
1.6 Significance of the study 3
1.7 Design of the study 3
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Previous studies 5
2.2 An overview of syntax and semantics 6
2.3 Overview of English verbs 7
2.3.1 Definition of the verb 7
2.3.2 Classification of English verbs 9
2.4 Overview of Vietnamese verbs 10
2.4.1 Definition of Vietnamese verbs 11
2.4.2 Classification of English verbs 11
2.5 Overview of the Liking verb group in English and in Vietnamese 12
2.5.1Overview of the Liking verb group in English 12
2.5.2Overview of the Liking verb group in Vietnamese 14
2.6 Summary 14
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 16
3.1 Setting of the study 16
3.2 Research questions 16
3.3 Research methods 16
3.4 Data collection and data analysis 17
3.5 Summary 18
Chapter 4: A COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH LIKING VERB GROUP
AND THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS 19
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4.1 Syntactic features of Liking verb group in English 19
4.1.1 In terms of their sentence pattern 19
4.1.2 In terms of their sentence elements 21
4.1.2.1 Subject 21
4.1.2.2 Verb 21
4.1.1.3 Object 25
4.2 Semantic features of Liking verb group in English 26
4.3 A comparison between English Liking verb group and their Vietnamese
equivalents. 31
4.3.1 In terms of their syntactic features 31
4.3.1.1 In terms of their sentence pattern 31
4.3.1.2 In terms of their sentence elements 35
4.3.1.2.1 Subject 35
4.3.1.2.2 Object 36
4.3.2 In terms of their semantic features 36
4.4 Implication for teaching and learning Liking verb group in English 48
4.5 Summary 49
Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 50
5.1 Conclusion remarks 50
5.2 Limitations of the research 51
5.3 Suggestions for further research. 52
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
vii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Rational
Nowadays, English is regarded as the language of modernization and
technological advancement all over the world. Learning English is also problematic
for native speakers in general and foreign learners in particular because they are
affected by their mother tongue during the process of studying grammar,
vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, etc.
On grammatical aspect, verbs have always been one of the most complex
class words. Verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb states
what is happening in the sentence. There are many verbs in English and the Liking
verbs play an important role in the sentence. However in communication, we have
difficulties in expressing our ideas, especially in transferring of words from a
language to another one, in our case from English to Vietnamese.
There have been a lot of researchers conducting investigations into the
liking verb group in both English and Vietnamese: in English R.M.W. Dixon
(1991), Gilbert Ryle (2009), Concept of Mind, Beth Levin (1993), English Verb
class and alternations, and in Vietnamese, Hoang Tue (1962), Giáo trình Việt Ngữ,
Nguyễn Kim Thản (1977), Động từ trong tiếng Việt, Hoàng Phê (1998), Vietnamese
dictionary. These studies thoroughly describe about the semantic features of Liking
verbs group but they have not been exploited in term of syntactic features yet.
Moreover, the equivalents between two languages English and Vietnamese has not
been implemented yet.
This study appeared as a result of difficulties that author faces in daily
teaching related to the usage of these verbs. Theoretically, the problem is that how
to make sentence having the verb like, enjoy, love, admire, prefer, dislike, hate,
regret, fear and in which patterns are used. Practically, translators are confused
when choosing these verbs to make English sentences and translate it into
Vietnamese. From these above reasons, the topic “Syntactic and semantic
features of the Liking verb group in English and their Vietnamese equivalents”
has been chosen. Hopeful, the result of the study will be useful for learners of
1
English and Vietnamese and contribute a small part into the teaching and learning
English as a foreign language in Vietnam.
1.2 Aims and objectives of the study
The study is expected to provide Vietnamese learners with a description of
syntactic and semantic characteristics of English liking verb group and their
Vietnamese equivalents.
In order to achieve the aims, the following objectives are put forward:
- Pointing syntactic and semantic features of liking verb group in English.
- Finding the similarities and differences between English liking verb group
and their Vietnamese equivalents.
- Suggesting some implications for teaching and learning English liking
verb group in English and Vietnamese.
1.3 Research questions
In general, with the aims and the objectives above, the following research
questions will be addressed:
- What are the syntactic and semantic features of liking verb group in
English?
- What are the similarities and differences between liking verb group in
English and their Vietnamese equivalents in terms of in the syntactic and semantic
features?
- What are possible implications for teaching and learning English liking
verb group?
1.4 Methods of the study
The study is planned to describe and analyze some syntactic and semantic
features of the LIKING verb group in English as well as their Vietnamese
equivalents. To meet the demand of the objectives, this study is going to choose
English as the source language and Vietnamese, as the target one.
The methods used in this study include descriptive and contrastive analysis
ones.
The descriptive method is exploited to search for the syntactic and semantic
features of the liking verb group in English. Besides, the contrastive analysis
method is useful to uncover the Vietnamese equivalents of these nine English verbs
2
with different senses. In particular, the data were collected from five novels and
short stories, and dictionaries.
The verbs are analyzed in detail beginning with like followed by enjoy, love,
admire, prefer, hate, dislike, fear, regret. Each of these verbs is described in a
separate section, and the analysis was conducted with a view to discovering such
aspects of each verb as its syntactic, semantics performed by each of these verbs.
The analysis is believed to contribute to a deeper understanding of the nine English
verbs. The componential analysis will be applied to analyze the data.
1.5 Scope of the study
It is unfeasible to discuss the Liking verb group in details. Therefore, within
the study the author focuses on analyzing them (concerning syntactic and semantic
features of these verbs) and just brief the similarities and differences between them.
The relevant data are taken from five English novels, short stories and their
Vietnamese translational versions. From theses novels and short stories, 99
examples are quoted, analyzed and used as the chief source for the qualitative
evidence.
On this basis, some suggestions for Vietnamese teachers and translators are
proposed to support their using the LIKING verb group more effectively.
1.6 Significance of the study
Theoretically, the study will provide a comprehensive and overall
knowledge about the syntactic and semantic feature of the LIKING verb group in
English. Moreover, the similarities and differences between this verb group in
English and in Vietnamese are very helpful in contrasting two languages.
Practically, the study will help the Vietnamese learners of English as foreign
language use the English LIKING verbs effectively in daily communication. The
findings of the study is hopefully to be beneficial to those who are engaged in
teaching English as well as those who want to learn English as foreign language.
1.7 Design of the study
This study consists of five chapters namely: Introduction, Literature review
and theoretical background, Methodology, Findings and Discussion, and
Conclusion, of which major contents are as follow:
3
Chapter 1, Introduction, gives the reasons why this topic : “The syntactic and
semantic features of the LIKING verb group in English and their Vietnamese
equivalents’ has been chosen for the study as well as its aims and objectives, scope,
significance and organization of the study.
Chapter 2, Literature review, presents an overview of the previous studies related
to the LIKING verb group both in English and Vietnamese and a review of
theoretical background that can be considered as a foundation for conducting the
whole study.
Chapter 3, Methodology, shows some issues of methods and outline the research
design, data collection instruments, procedure of data collection.
Chapter 4, Finding and Discussion, presents the syntactic and semantic features of
liking verb group in English and Vietnamese and find out the similarities and
differences between them.
Chapter 5, Conclusion, summarises the whole content of the study, indicating the
limitation, thus giving some recommendation and suggestions for further research.
References come at the end of the study.
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Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Previous studies
English verbs have been the subject of several studies by linguists because
they present particularly interesting syntactic and semantic characteristics. In
particular, even if that are often considered as being a coherent semantic class, we
can find verbs displaying different semantic features and syntactic behavior.
In English, Dixon (1991) has a study on semantic types of words and
grammatical word classes. Bases on semantic roles, he classifies verbs into two sort:
primary and secondary sort. As stated in the A New Approach to English Grammar
on Semantic Principles, he mentioned the primary – B verbs including 10 verb
groups. Among this verb group, he claims there are nine verbs: like, love, hate,
prefer, fear, dislike, admire, regret, enjoy in the liking verb group. Beth Levin
(1993), also has a study on semantic types of verb class. In English Verb class and
alternations, he claimed that the verbs like, enjoy, love, admire, prefer belong to
positive admire verb and fear, hate, dislike, regret are the negative admire verbs.
Angela Downing and Philip Locke (2002) agree that the liking verb group is mental
process with two semantic roles. These studies mention to the verb groups based on
the semantic relations but not syntactic relations.
In Vietnamese, Nguyen Kim Than (1977) examines the Vietnamese verbs
on the grammatical features in his study. As he also gives a list of liking verb group
including thích, yêu, ghét, muốn, ng−ìng mé, sợ hãi, không thích, tiếc,… Le Bien
(1999), the Vietnamese liking verbs are state verbs belonging to independent verbs
However, both the studies still do not mention to the semantic features of the liking
verbs yet.
In brief, there above works all study on the liking verb group in the semantic
features or on their denoting meanings, there is not any researches on the liking verb
group in both syntactic and semantic features and in comparison between English
and Vietnamese equivalents as well as. From these reason, the study on semantic
syntactic and semantic features of the liking verb group in English and in
Vietnamese equivalents has been chosen, with the hope that this research can partly
5
facilitate teachers, and translators to be more awarded of the meanings and sentence
patterns including the liking verb group.
2.2 An overview of syntax and semantics
Firstly, syntax is defined as a set of rules in language. It dictates how words
from different parts of speech put together with the aim of conveying a complete
thought. According to R.M.W. Dixon (1991), syntax deals with the way in which
words are combined together. Syntax is considered to be the theory of the structure
of sentence in a language. Verbs are different grammatical properties from language
to language but there is always a major class verb, which includes word referring to
motion, rest, notice, giving, speaking, and liking.
According to Bloomfield (1993), “We could not understand the form of a
language if we merely reduced all the complex forms to their ultimate constituents”.
He pointed that in order to account for the meaning of a sentence, it is necessary to
recognize how individual constituents such words and morpheres constitute more
complex forms.
Linda Thomas (1993) states that language are by nature extremely complex
and describing a language, any language is not an easy task. Syntax seeks to
describe the way words fit together form sentence or utterances.
Syntax is now the study of the principles and rules that govern the ways in
which words are combined to form phrase, clauses and sentences in a language.
Syntax, which is a subfield of grammar, focuses on the word order of a language
and relationships between words. In other words, morphology deals with word
formation out of morphemes whereas syntax deals with phrase and sentence
formation out of words. Every language has a limited number of syntactic relations.
Subject and object are probably universal of syntactic relations, which apply to
every language. However, just as the criteria for the major words class noun and
verb differ from language to language, so do the ways in which syntactic relations
are marked.
Secondly, semantics is a branch of linguistics, which deals with meaning or
contents of communication. Hurford and Heasley (1983) state that “semantics is the
study of meaning in language.” Language is a mean of communication and used to
communicate with others by making conversations, giving information and other
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things to make social relationship. Human beings have been given the ability to talk,
to communicate with each other, to make meaning utterances, so that they are
understood by other human beings.
Semantics defined in “The study of language” by George Yule is the study
of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences. In semantic analysis, there is
always an attempt to focus on what the words conventionally mean, rather than on
what a speaker might want the words to mean on a particular occasion. Also,
linguistic semantics deals with the conventional meaning conveyed by the use of
words and sentences of a language.
Semantics is usually connected with pragmatics Cernap (Lyons, 1977) says
that descriptive semantics (i.e the investigation of the meaning of expression in
“historically given natural language”) may be considered as part of pragmatics.
The reason why descriptive semantics is part of pragmatics seem to have been that
he believed that difference in the use of particular expressions were not only
inevitable in language - behavior, but must be taken account of in the description or
content.
According to David Crystal (2008) expresses his study as follow: Semantics
is a branch of linguistics devoted to the study of meaning in language. In particular,
the approach called structural semantics applies the principles of structural
linguistics to the study of meaning through the notion of semantics relations
between lexical items. In generative grammar, the semantic component is a major
area of the organization of a grammar, which assigns a semantic representation to a
sentence and analyses lexical items of semantics features.
In brief, semantics is one of the most fundamental concepts in linguistics.
The theory of semantic field includes the study of how meaning is constructed,
interpreted, clarified, covered, illustrated, simplified, negotiated, contradicted and
paraphrased.
Theory of syntax and semantics is carried out first with main purpose to
decide the theoretical framework of the study in the chapter three.
2.3 Overview of English verbs
2.3.1 Definition of the verb
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The Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics
(2010) defines verb is a word which occurs as part of the predicate of a sentence
carries markers of grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, person, number and
mood, and refers to an action or state.
For example:
He closed the door.
Jane likes swimming.
Borahash (1975) defines that the verb is a part of speech denoting an action
or a process.
According to Jack C. Richards & et al (1992), a word is a verb when it
satisfies these following criteria: occurs as a part of predicate of sentence; carries
markers of grammatical categories such as tense, aspect, person, number and mood,
and refers to an action or state.
As stated by R.M.W Dixon (1991), the definition of English verb is “A verb
is the center of a clause”. A verb refers to some activity and there must be a number
of participants who have roles in that activity as Sinbad carried the old man; or it
may refer to a state, and there must be a participant to experience the state as: My
leg aches.
A set of verb groups is grouped together as one semantic type partly because they
required the same set of participant roles. All liking verbs require an Experiencer, a
Stimulus as in:
Fred likes proposal.
(R.M.W. Dixon, 1991: 156)
Mary hates riding horses.
(R.M.W. Dixon, 1991: 260)
According to David Crystal (2008), verb is a term used in the grammatical
classification of words, to refer to a class traditionally defined as doing or action
words. The formal definition of a verb refers to an element which can display
morphological contrasts of tense, aspect, voice, mood, person and number.
Functionally, it is the element which, singly or in combination with other verbs as a
verb phrase, is used as the minimal predicate of a sentence, co- occurring with a
subject. (for example: he / laughed). If the predicate contains other elements ( e.g.
8
object, complement, adverbial), then it is the verb which more than any other is the
unit which influences the choice and extent of these elements; (e.g. the verb put
takes both an object and a locative adverbial, as in he put the book on the table.). In
many grammatical theories, accordingly, the verb is considered the most important
element in sentence structure.
2.3.2 Classification of English Verbs
There are many different classifications of an English verb depending on
different categories.
In “A new approach to English grammar on semantics principles”, R.M.W.
Dixon states that verbs fall into board subclasses- those that require only one role
(intransitive verb) and those which require two or more roles (transitive verbs).
There is considerable difference between intransitive subject and transitive subject.
In term of the function within the verb phrase, R. Quirk et al (1985) states
that verbs are divided into open class of full verbs ( or lexical verbs such as leave)
and closed classes ( be, have, do) of primary verbs and of modal auxiliary verbs
(will, might). Of these three classes, the full verbs can act only as main verbs, the
modal auxiliaries can act only as auxiliary verbs, and the primary verbs can act
either as main verbs or as auxiliary verbs.
In term of sentence patterns, R. Quirk et al (1985) classify verbs into two
types: intensive verbs and extensive verbs.
Intensive verbs are also called copular verbs, and they are usually followed
by a noun, or a noun phrase, and adjective or prepositional phrase. Intensive verbs
are used to describe the subject. It means that the focus is on one thing, the subject
only. Intensive verbs appear in the structure SVC or SVA. Words or phrases, which
are followed by an intensive verb works as the subject compliment and they apply
to the subject, not the verb. Let’s consider the following examples:
The country became totally independent. (SVC)
I have been in the garden. (SVA)
(Quirk, Randolph, 1985:53)
Extensive verbs are most other verbs, they do not have subject compliment.
Extensive verbs are used to say what the subject is doing. It covers a wider area; it
takes the information away from the subject. Words or phrases, which are followed
9
by an extensive verb work as the verb’s object. They apply to the verb, not the
subject as in:
He stayed very quite.
Extensive verbs include three subclasses: monotransitive, complex transitive
and ditransitive.
Ditransitive verbs are verbs which take a subject and two objects and have
structure “SVOO”. According to certain linguistic considerations, these objectives
may be called direct, indirect objectives, or primary and secondary objectives as in
the following examples:
We all wish you a happy birthday.(SVOO)
In contrast, mono transitive verbs take only one object and appear in the
structure SVO as in the following examples:
Elizabeth enjoys classical music. (SVO)
Verb requires both a direct object, another object and an object complement
or an adverbial is complex transitive verbs. Complex transitive verbs appear in the
structure SVOC or SVOA. In a complex- transitive construction, the object
complement identifies a quality or attributes pertaining to the direct object. Let’s
consider the following examples:
The president declared the meeting open. (SVOC)
The doorman showed the guests into drawing room. (SVOA)
2.4 Overview of the Vietnamese verbs
Up to now, there has been a vast amount of research on the linguistic field
in Vietnamese grammar and parts of speech. Vietnamese is an isolating and analytic
language in which grammatical meanings are shown chiefly through word order and
function words (grammatical words). Also, Vietnamese words have the same forms
in different positions in sentences. As a result, several grammatical structures are
similar in form- organization but different in grammatical meanings.
For example:
10
Tôi đi làm bằng xe máy. (I go to work by motorbike.)
Hôm qua tôi đi làm bằng xe máy. (Yesterday, I went to work by
motorbike.)
In contrast with verbs in English, verbs in Vietnamese do not have the
concord with other parts of speech. In other words, they are not affected by number,
gender, mood, voice, and tense. In Vietnamese, a sentence refers to the basic time of
the context- that is the time which has been made clear in the context up to that
point. In addition, when playing function as central components before it to indicate
scope of the action or activity such as cũng, đều, cứ, etc. to indicate continuation
like còn, vẫn, etc.; to indicate tense, aspect such as sắp, đang, sẽ, đã, etc.; to refer to
negative meaning, for example: chưa, không, chẳng, etc.; to indicate advice of
prohibit such as: hãy, đừng, chớ, and so on. However, as Cao Xuan Hao suggested,
such auxiliary components, especially sắp, đang, sẽ, đã should be used with great
care because in some cases these auxiliaries do not at all indicate tense. For
instances, a soldier reunited with his family for five days, and the next day when he
had to come back to his military unit. His wife said to him: Ngày mai anh đã đi rôì
à, đã here does not indicate tense; it just helps to show regret. Obviously, in
Vietnamese, context holds the key factor to define tense of the verbs.
2.4.1 Definition of Vietnamese verbs
According to Le Bien (1990:70), and Diep Quang Ban (2001:21),
Vietnamese verbs are substantives referring to progress, forms of movements. They
may be activities (1), states (2), changing progress (3), and movement (4), etc.
For example: (1) Cô ấy đọc sách.
(2) Nó nhớ nhà.
(3) GS Ngô Bảo Châu đã trở thành nhà bác học nổi tiếng thế giới.
(4) Bạn tôi đi thành phố Hồ Chí Minh rồi.
2.4.2 Classification of Vietnamese Verbs
With regards to linguistics, there have been many different ways to classify
verbs in each language by different authors. However, the classification of the verbs
by Diep Quang Ban and Hoang Van Thung will be applied in this thesis. The two
linguistics study and classify Vietnamese verbs into two kinds: independent verbs
and dependent verbs. The independent verbs are verbs followed by a direct object
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(thing or person that receives the action of the verb). The independent verbs cannot
stand alone to complete the meaning of the sentences including these verbs. Let’s
see the following example:
Lan đưa tôi cuèn sách.
Tôi yêu Hà Nội.
In contrast, dependent verbs stand alone in a sentence without any help
verbs. For example: Trời mưa, cô ấy hát, etc. However, some verbs can be both
dependent verbs or independent verbs depending the way they are used, such as the
verbs “có” and “làm”, let’s see the following examples:
Bác có tiền không? - Tôi có.
In each major type, he subdivides them based on several factors. The
independent verb is divided into modal, relation subtypes and the dependent verb is
classified into verbs followed adjunct, notional words.
2.5 Overview of the LIKING verb group in English and in Vietnamese
2.5.1 Overview of the LIKING verb group in English
Regarding to clause types, Quirk et al (1985: 53) state that the liking verb
group belong to transitive verbs. Quirk et al claim that the term transitive is often
applied to all verbs which required an object, including those of clause types SVO,
SVOO, SVOC and SVOA. The patterns below give a further classification. In
clauses, the liking verb group can be monotransitive verbs, ditransitive verbs or
complex transitive verbs.
In a sentence (a simple sentence or multiple sentence), a verb belongs to the
liking verb group must be followed by a direct object.
For example:
She likes expensive present. (SVO)
Furthermore, Quirk et al (1985:754) gives the semantic functions of the

elements S, O in sentence patterns having the liking verb group as following:
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Table 2.1: The chief semantic function for each clause type.
(Quirk, Randolph, 1985: 754)
Type S Oi Od Cs Co A Example
SVO agentive recipient/ He threw the ball
affected
SVOC recipient affected attribute I found it strange
SVOA recipient affected locative I prefer them on
toast.
On the semantic aspect, Angela Downing and Philip Locke (2002) agree
that the liking verb group is mental process with two semantic roles:
Example:
Jill liked the present. (p140)
Experiencer Process Phenomenon
The Experiencer is the participant who sees, feels, thinks, likes, etc., and is
typically human, but may also be an animal or even a personified inanimate object
(The rider heard a noise, the horse sensed danger, your car knows what it needs).
The second participant in a mental process, that which is perceived, known,
liked, etc., is called the Phenomenon. Mental processes are typically stative and
non-volitional.
Mental processes can sometimes be expressed with the Phenomenon filling
the Subject slot and the Experiencer as Object, although not necessarily by means of
the same verb.
R.M.Dixon (1991) states that verb from liking verb group has two core roles
being mapped onto transitive object, for example:
Fred likes the proposal.

Experiencer Stimulus
In the two semantic roles, the subject- transitive is Experiencer, the object is
Stimulus, and these verbs are transitive verbs which must have NPs.
13
2.5.2 Overview of the Liking verb group in Vietnamese
According to Le Bien (1999), the Vietnamese liking verbs are independent
verbs which cannot used to make a full sentence itself without any other help verbs.
He also gives structure of the liking verbs in sentence.
A-V-A1
(A are nouns or pronouns, V is verb, and A1 is thing or people)
Example:
Tôi yêu con trai bé bỏng của tôi
In this structure, it requires one complement. He gives the list of liking
verbs such as: yêu, thích, muốn, ghét, thích hơn, tiếc…...
According to Nguyen Kim Than (1977), the liking verbs belong to group
5, verbs of emotion. This kind of verb often combines with adverb lai. Let’s see the
examples:
Ô-tên- lô cũng yêu lại nàng.
Em thương anh ruột thắt gan bào
Biết anh có thương em lại chút nào không?
He also gives structure of the liking verbs in sentence.
(1) N1 V N2 Nam yêu tranh
(2) N2 do N1 V
(3) N2 mà N1 V Cái tranh mà Nam yêu
(4) N2, N1 cũng V Tranh, Nam cũng yêu.
He gives the list of liking verbs such as: yêu, thích, ton hót, mến, thương,
dọa, mặc kệ, ghét...
2.6 Summary
In this chapter, the Literature Review include previous studies, review of
theoretical background. In the previous studies, the studies of authors in oversea and
Vietnam are given. In the theoretical background, theory of syntax and semantics
are analyzed thoroughly in order to use for the background of analyzing the
syntactic and semantic features of the LIKING verbs in English.
14
Moreover, the definition of the verb and classification of verb are point out
in details. Finally, theoretical background is given briefly reviewed what has been
found and discussed the related studies by describing their approaches and key
finding, but then identify weaknesses in the approach and limitations in the finding.
15
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
In order to fulfill the aim of the study, some pedagogical implications, this
chapter deals with the study of the thesis, the date and methods. It focuses on the
data collection. This chapter is carried out with a view to mapping out the ways to
conduct the whole study.
3.1 Setting of the study
This thesis is conducted by using various sources as well as applying the
physical, social, and cultural site in each part of the research. Normally, it is
realized that the students easily make mistakes when they use the LIKING verbs
because they do not know which verbs should be chosen in different contexts. So,
this study is carried out through dictionaries, encyclopedia, reference books at
library and on some websites to help the teachers and learners more clearly about
the differences in syntax as well as in semantics between the LIKING verbs in
English and their Vietnamese equivalents
3.2 Research questions
To achieve the aims and objectives of the thesis, the following questions are
put forward:
1. What are the syntactic and semantic features of liking verb group in English?
2. What are the similarities and differences in the syntactic and semantic features of
liking verb group in English and their Vietnamese equivalents?
3. What are possible implications for teaching and learning English liking verb
group?
3.3 Research methods
This study is designed and investigated the syntactic and semantic features
of the LIKING verbs in English with reference to the Vietnamese equivalents, so
the descriptive and comparative method is chosen. This study analyzes and
synthesizes to some syntactic, semantic features of the LIKING verbs in English and
their Vietnamese equivalents. Therefore, in the process of the study, the LIKING
verbs are main sources for the research, so English is considered the source
language, and Vietnamese is the target one.
16
First of all, the descriptive method is described the characteristics and
equivalents of semantic and syntactic structures of the English LIKING verbs in
English and in Vietnamese. Besides, the comparative method is compared the
syntactic and semantic structure of the LIKING verbs in English and Vietnamese to
make clear the similarities or differences between them. Moreover, analysis or
synthesize have also been used as supporting methods. The analysis is analyzed the
similarities and differences of the LIKING verbs in English and Vietnamese and the
synthesize is synthesized some verbs belong to the LIKING verbs as well as
examples to illustrate from different sources such as from books, dictionaries,
literary works, newspapers, magazines, native speakers and websites. As a matter of
the fact, to investigate in details in the structures of the LIKING verbs with their
different components and semantic features with various nuances of meanings,
analytical method is also employed, and then the synthetic method is used for
grouping them on the basic of certain criteria according to structural and semantic
features. In addition, quite a few of research techniques have been combined, such
as statistics, and contrastive analysis to find the equivalents of the LIKING verbs in
Vietnamese. Finally, in the conducting of the investigation, last but not least, setting
up a regular consultancy with supervisor for a guidance and academic exchange is
critical technique to find out a right direction for doing the research successfully.
3.4 Data collection and Data analysis
3.4.1 Data collection
The data are collected from different sources such as dictionaries, namely,
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2003); Oxford Advanced encyclopedia
(2002); Semantic primitives (1972); A new approach to English grammar on
semantic principles(1991);English-Vietnamese Dictionary(2008); Vietnamese -
English Dictionary (2000); The English verb(1974 ); The Vietnamese verbs (1997);
Vietnamese dictionaries (1998; Giao trinh Viet ngu (1962),grammar book: A
comprehensive grammar of the English language by Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S.,
Leech, G., & Svartvik, J. (1985).
The relevant data are taken from five English novels, short stories and their
Vietnamese translational versions. They are:
“An idea husband” by Oscar Wilde
17
“The thorn birds” by Colleen McCullough
“Gone with the Wind” by Margaret Mitchell
“Wuthering Heights” by Emily Bronte
“Vanity Fair” by William Makepeace Thackeray
From theses novels and short stories, 99 examples are quoted, analyzed and
used as the chief source for the qualitative evidence.
3.4.2 Data analysis
Firstly, the syntactic features of the nine English liking verbs and their
Vietnamese equivalents are presented through clear and understandable examples.
Then the semantic features of the five English liking verbs and their Vietnamese
equivalents are presented in turn.
After presenting the syntactic and semantic features of English liking verbs
and their Vietnamese equivalents, the discussions of findings are carried out in
order to find out the differences and similarities of each matter mentioned to state
the differences and similarities in English and Vietnamese liking verbs. Lastly,
author suggests some implications for teaching and leaning liking verb group in
English and Vietnamese as a foreign language.
3.5 Summary
To sum up, this chapter gives an overview of how to carry out the research.
It has four main parts. The first one is subjects which is present research questions
need to be dealt with in the study and the process of doing this research. The second
part is instruments which present. The third part are procedures which describe all
aspects pertaining to the entire process conducted. Careful consideration should be
paid to approval of methods and treatment of human or animal subjects. All
treatments should be carefully described as well as notification of risks for
participation. The final part is statistical analysis which presents a clear description
of the statistical process used for analysis of data.
18
Chapter 4
A COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH LIKING VERB GROUP AND
THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS
4.1 Syntactic features of Liking verb group in English

4.1.1 In terms of their sentence pattern
According to R. Quirk et al (1985: 53), there are seven sentence patterns,
however; among these patterns, the liking verb group appears in only three patterns.
Obviously, the liking verb group does appear in the pattern (1), SV, (3) SVC, (4)
SVA because they are transitive verbs and need an object followed. In this thesis,
the author also does not find the liking verb group is used in the pattern (5) SVOO.
As a result of analyzing sentence patterns in quotes of the dictionary, six
novels and short stories, verbs can be used in different patterns depending on the
different contexts. The verb like can be used in the pattern: SVO, SVOC. Similarly,
the verb love appear in two pattern: SVO and SVOC. In addition, the verb fear,
regret, dislike, hate and enjoy can be used in pattern SVO and SVOA. The verb
admire, prefer appears in the pattern SVO, SVOC and SVOA.
In the following parts, each of the above sentence patterns will be analyzed
more in detail.
The liking verb group does not occur in the pattern (1) SV, (3) SVC, (4)
SVA and (5) SVOO. The verbs in these patterns must be intransitive verbs.
However, all sentences having these nine verbs require direct objects because these
liking verb group are transitive verbs.
In the (2) SVO pattern, the verb is a transitive verb (monotransitive verb).
The verbs always occur with one direct object. There are nine verbs (like, love,
enjoy, admire, prefer, regret, dislike, hate, fear) belong to this type.
I really admire your enthusiasm.

(Sally Wehmeier, 2015:19)
She is nice. I like her.
19
I really love summer evenings.
I enjoy playing tennis and squash.
I hate spinach.
I don’t regret a thing.
He dislike it.
All his employees fear him
I much prefer Jazz to rock music.
There are six verbs (like, love, hate, dislike, prefer,) also belonging to
SVOC type.
You aren’t going to like me angry.

(Angela Downing, 2002:67)
I prefer my coffee black.
The verbs prefer, admire, dislike, fear, hate, regret and enjoy are used in the
pattern (6) SVOA. This verb occurs in this pattern is a transitive verb (complex
transitive verb) with a direct object and an adverbial followed.
They all enjoy themselves at the party.

(Sally Wehmeier, 2015: 509)
I prefer them on toast.
(Randoph Quirk, 754:38)
20
4.1.2 In terms of their sentence elements
4.1.2.1 Subject
In the Liking verb group in English, subject is the element that is most
often present. It is also the element for which we can find the greatest number of
characteristic features.
The subject in this group is normally a noun phrase:
Mary hates horses. (S is realized by a noun phrase)
(R.M.W Dixon, 1991:260)
Becky admired little Matalda. (S is realized by a noun phrase) [11, p.833]
The subject in this group is also normally a pronoun.

I like singing the blues. (S is realized by a pronoun)
(R.M.W Dixon, 1991:260)
They all love her. (S is realized by a pronoun) [18, p.733]
4.1.2.2 Verb
Verbs belonging to the LIKING verb group in English can appear as
monotransitive verbs, complex transitive verbs. They are followed by a direct
object, and sometimes an adverbial is followed. Monotransitive verbs occur in type
SVO type and complex transitive verbs occur in SVOA, SVOC types.
The verbs like, enjoy, love, prefer, admire, regret, dislike, hate, fear play roles as
monotransitive verbs appear in type SVO. Besides, there are five ditransitive verbs
like, love, prefer, hate, admire occur in SVOC type. The verb prefer and enjoy,
hate, fear, admire, dislike, fear occur in SVOA type.
4.1.2.2.1 Syntactic features of LIKE.
In the study of using the verb like in the five novels and short stories, in
dictionaries, there are many examples listed out to illustrate the structures of the
sentences using this verb. The verb like has two sentence patterns, they are SVO
and SVOC, for example:
I like Cathleen. [7, p.13]
S V Od
I like looking at geniuses [9, p.56]
S V Od
21
I like you to be serious. [6, p.130]
S V Od Co
4.1.2.2.2 Syntactic feature of ENJOY

During the study on syntactic features of the verb enjoy, the author found that
verb is used in the two patterns. They are SVO and SVOA, for example:
I shall enjoy your campaign intensively. [11, p.730]

S V Od
I had always enjoyed swimming. [28, p.64]
S V Od
They all enjoy themselves at the party.
S V O A
She could not enjoy it under his gaze. [25, p.726]
S V Od A
4.1.2.2.3 Syntactic features of LOVE
Through analyzing the sentences having the verb love, it is easy to recognize
that this verb also occurs in two structures. They are SVO and SVOC, for example:
She loved horses [22, p.71]
S V Od
They all love her [18, p.733]
S V Od
He loved the way she smiled. [18, p.733]
S V O Co
I shall always be your friend, and love you as a sister [19, p.32]
S V Od V Od Co
4.1.2.2.4 Syntactic features of PREFER
The verb prefer is found in the sentences belong the three patterns. They are
SVO, SVOC and SVOA, for example:
I prefer politics. [25, p.38]
S V Od
22
I prefer my coffee black.
S V Od Co (Sally Wehmeier, 2015:1208)
I prefer them on toast.
S V Od A (Randoph Quirk,754:38)
4.1.2.2.5 Syntactic features of ADMIRE
Through the quotes on the five novels and short stories, and Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the verb admire is found to be used in the three
structures of sentence. They are SVO, SVOC and SVOA, for example:
They admires our garden. [30, p.55]

S V Od
They evidently admired her. [21, p.72]
S V Od
I always admire people who do. [1, p.78]
S V Od Co
Becky admired little Matalda, who was not quite four years old. [11, p.833]
S V Od Co
Everyone admired her there. [11, p.867]
S V Od A
4.1.2.2.6 Syntactic feature of REGRET
The verb regret is found in the sentences belong the two patterns. They are
SVO and SVOA, let’s see the following examples:
She regrets that she is to unwell to see you before you go. [18, p.691]
S V Od
I regret having to tell a lady such a thing. [17, p.687]
S V Od
I don’t regret my tedious journey from Vienna now. [6, p.80]
S V O A
4.1.2.2.7 Syntactic feature of DISLIKE
23
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the verb dislike is found in the two structures.
They are SVO and SVOA, for example:
You dislike me. [14, p.156]
S V Od
You disliked my company, Cathy. [18, p.59]
S V Od
Minerva ……. disliked her from that day. [19, p.28]
S V Od A
4.1.2.2.8 Syntactic feature of HATE
The verb hate is found in the sentences belong the three patterns. They are
SVO, SVOC and SVOA, for example:
I hate the whole house. [13, p.19]
S V Od
I hate them. [22, p.45]
S V Od
He hate anyone parking in his space.
S V Od Co (Sally Wehmeier, 2015: 719)
I hate to intrude on you at this time. [20, p.700]
S V Od A
I hated him the moment I laid eyes on him [3, p.617]
S V Od A
4.1.2.2.9 Syntactic feature of FEAR
Through analyzing the sentences having the verb fear, it is easy to recognize
that this verb also occurs in the two patterns. They are SVO and SVOA, for
example:
All his employees fear him.

S V Od
I feared Emmie would die too. [6, p.54]
24
S V Od
I fear for her safe in this weather. [17, p.636]
S V Od A
In short, the syntactic feature of the Liking verb group will be demonstrated
in the following table.
Table 4.1: The sentence patterns of the Liking verb group
No Type like enjoy love prefer admire regret dislike hate fear
1 SVO x x x x x x x x x
2 SVOC x - x x x - - x -
3 SVOA - - x x x x x x
4.1.2.3 Object
In fact, there are two types of objects: direct object (Od) and indirect object
(Oi). An object such as silence in: The chairman ordered silence clearly has
different role in the clause from an object such as an expert in:
The manuscript required an expert to understand it
This has been traditionally recognized by applying the term direct object to
the former, and indirect object to the latter. We give priority here to the
distributional fact that whenever there are two objects (in type SVOO), the former is
normally the indirect object, and the latter is direct object:
I bought her a gift.
Sometimes, the former is the direct object, and the latter is indirect object:
Can you give the book to him?
The object of liking verb group is direct object. It may be realized in variety
ways:
It can be a straight concrete NP as in an example:
Fred likes horses/ Mary/ your uncle/ the wet season.
(R.M.W Dixon, 1991: 156)
Or it can be an -ing complement:
Fred likes playing baseball.
25
(R.M.W Dixon, 1991: 156)
Or Object can be a to infinitive complement
I hate to go.
(R.M.W. Dixon, 1991: 157)
Or object can be realized as a that complement
I fear that she may return home.
(R.M.W. Dixon, 1991: 158)
4.2 Semantic features of Liking verb group in English
On the semantic aspect, R.M.W. Dixon (1991:155) states that liking verb
group involves two roles: an experiencer get a certain feeling about a Stimulus.
These verbs are transitive with the Experiencer in A relation and the Stimulus-
which cannot be omitted – in O relation.
4.2.1 Semantic features of LIKE
After the author’s investigation of the quotations from the five bilingual
English novels, and short stories, the verb like is realized to have five meanings:
Firstly, like can be used to express that someone find somebody or something
pleasant, attractive or of a good enough standard, or enjoy something, for example:
Everyone liked the four Jarletton boys and the three Fontaines [22, p.15]
I don’t know that I like being watched when I am eating. [12, p.60]
Secondly, like can be used to denote that someone prefer to do something, or
prefer something to be made or to happen in a particular way, for example:
I did not stay away longer. I like being missed. [8, p.46]
Thirdly, like also denotes someone wants something, for example:
You are the one person in London I really like to have to listen to me.
[5, p.232]
If you like better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family
[7, p.29]
Fourthly, like is used in negative sentences to mean to be unwilling to do something,
for example:
He did not like to ask her why she was so sad. [6, p.567]
I don’t like the carving-knife, Mr. Hindley [13, p.62]
26
Lastly, like can be used with “should, would” as a polite way to say what you
want or to ask what somebody want, for example:
Would you like to live with your soul in the grave? [4, p.133]
I should like to see her. [15, p. 232]
4.2.2 Semantic features of ENJOY
English novels, and short stories, the verb enjoy is found to have four meanings:
First, enjoy can be used to express that someone gets pleasure from
something, for example:
I have enjoyed my talk with him immensely. [25, p.76]
He was the only one who seemed to enjoy sitting talking to her. [12, p.64]
Second, enjoy can be used to express that someone is happy or gets pleasure
from what he is doing, for example:
Jim, attracted to the window by the romantic appearance of the ocean and
the heavens, thought he would futher enjoy them while smoking. [2, p.690]
Scarlett, hating the bright hard blue they wore, enjoyed snubbing them all
the more because it so bewildered them. [2, p.746]
Next, enjoy can be used to express someone has something good that is an
advantage to you, for example:
People in this country enjoy a high standard.
Last, enjoy can be used to say that you hope somebody gets pleasure from
something that you are giving them or recommending to them, for example:
Still enjoying this magnificent inner vision… [20, p.88]
4.2.3 Semantic features of LOVE

English novels, and short stories, the verb love is remarked to have three meanings:
First, love can be used to denote that someone has very strong feelings or
affection for somebody, for example:
I know it, and for that I love you Robert. [19, p.96]
Oh, sweety, I love you so much. [1, p.124]
27
Next, love can be used to express that someone likes and enjoys something
very much, for example:
Georgy loved the redcoat. [7, p. 770]
She loved horses and talked horses constantly. [22, p.71]
Last, love can be used with would to say that you would very much like something
How you would love to have money enough… [22, 644]
4.2.4 Semantic features of PREFER

After the author’s investigation from the five bilingual English novels, and
short stories, the verb prefer is found to have two meanings:
Firstly, prefer can be used to denote that someone like one thing or person
better than another, for example:
I prefer a gentlemanly fool any day. [23, p.104]
Secondly, prefer can be used to choose one thing rather than something else,
for example:
There’s coffee or tea. Which would you prefer?
4.2.5 Semantic features of ADMIRE

After the author’s investigation from materials, the verb admire has the
following meanings:
First, admire can be used to express that someone respects somebody for
what they have done or to respect their qualities, let’s consider:
I always admire people who do. [1, p.78]
He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters.
[35, p.37]
Second, admire can be used to denote that someone looks at something and
thinks that it is attractive and impressive, for example:
They admires our garden. [30, p.55]
. I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the front…
[26, p.8]
4.2.6 Semantic features of REGRET
28
short stories, the verb regret is found to have two meanings:
First, regret can be used to express that someone feels sorry about something
he has done or about something that he has not been able to do, for example:
If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it.

Second, regret can be used to say in a polite or formal way that someone is
sorry or sad about a situation, for example:
The airline regrets any inconvenience.
I regret to say, Miss Chiltern that I have no influence at all over my son.
[15, p.232]
4.2.7 Semantic features of DISLIKE

short stories, the verb dislike is realized to be used to express that someone does not
like somebody or something, for example:
He dislike for respectable society increased with age. [12, p.794]
You dislike me. [14, p.156]
4.2.8 Semantic features of HATE

short stories, the verb hate is found to have the following meanings:
Firstly, hate can be used to denote that someone dislikes something very
much, for example:
I hate to hear you talk like that, Ashley. [18, p.784]
I hate this place, and want to leave it. [2, p.29]
29
Secondly, hate can be used to denote that someone dislikes somebody very
much, for example:
I hate them. I hate them all. [22, p.45]
I hate her with all my soul. [22, p.19]
Lastly, hate can be used when saying something that someone would prefer
not to have to say, or when politely asking to do something, for example:
I hate to say it, but I don’t think their marriage will last.
I would hate you to think I didn’t care? [56, p.808]
4.2.9 Semantic features of FEAR

short stories, the verb fear is found to have three meanings:
First, fear can be used to express that someone is frightened of somebody/
something or frightened of doing something, for example:
All his employees fear him.

If she had not feared her father’s loudly bawled questions, she would have
slipped away. [23, p.53]
Next, fear can be used to express that someone feels that something bad
might have happened or might happen in the future, for example:

Hundreds of people are feared dead.
Last, fear can be used to tell somebody that you think that something bad
has happened or is true, for example:
They are unlikely to get here on time, I fear.

He must be dead then? - I fear so.
30
4.3 A comparison between English Liking verb group and their Vietnamese
equivalents.
4.3.1 In terms of their syntactic features
4.3.1.1 In terms of their sentence pattern
4.3.1.1.1 LIKE
In terms of the sentence pattern, the verb like appears in two structures SVO
and SVOC and when the English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the
structure of sentences are remained, let’s see the following examples:
Everyone liked the four Jarletton boys and the three Fontaines. [22, p.15]
S V Od
Mỗi người đều thích bốn gã con trai của họ Jarletton và ba anh chàng của
S V Od
nhà Fontaines.
I like you to be seriou. [6, p.130]
S V O Co
Tôi lại thích ông nghiêm túc
S V Od Co
4.3.1.1.2 ENJOY
In the study of using the verb enjoy in the five novels and short stories, in
sentences using this verb. The verb enjoy has two sentence patterns they are SVO
and SVOC, when the English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the SVO
structure is remained, let’s see the following examples:
I had always enjoyed swimming. [28, p.64]

S V Od
Cha luôn thích bơi lội.
S V Od
31
But the English sentences containing SVOA structure may be changed into
SVA when translated into Vietnamese:
You enjoyed yourself tonight, didn’t you? [4, p.326]
S V Od A
Hôm nay cô vui vẻ đúng không?
A S V
4.3.1.1.3 LOVE
During the study on syntactic features of the verb love, the author found that
verb is used in the two patterns. They are SVO and SVOC when the English
sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the structure of sentences are not changed,
let’s see the following examples:
Georgy loved the redcoat. [7, p.770]
S V Od
Georgy thích những bộ quân phục màu đỏ lắm.
S V Od
I shall always ….., and love you as a sister. [19, p.32]
S V Od Co
Em sẽ yêu quý chị nh− chị em ruột
S V Od Co
4.3.1.1.4 PREFER
Through analyzing the sentences having the verb prefer, it is easy to
recognize that this verb also occurs in three structures: SVO, SVOC and SVOA;
when the English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the SVO and SVOA
structure are remained, let’s see the following examples:
I prefer politics. [25, p.38]
S V Od
Tôi thích chính trị hơn
S V Od
They preferred taking it out of doors, under the trees. [20, p.265]
S V Od A
32
Hai người thích mang ra ăn ngoài trời, dưới tán cây.
S V O A
But the English sentences containing SVOC structure may be changed into
SVO when translated into Vietnamese:
I prefer my coffee black
S V Od Co
Tôi thích cà phê đen hơn.
S V Od
4.3.1.1.5 ADMIRE
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, the verb admire is found to be used in SVO,SVOC
and SVOA structures, when English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, these
structure are remained, let’s see the following examples:
He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters.
S V Od
[35, p.37]
.
Ông thán phục cái dáng điệu sang trọng buông thả của các đại phú ông và
S V Od
chủ đồn điền.
Becky admired little Matalda, who was not quite four years old. [11, p.833]
S V Od Co
Becky khen mãi con bé Matilda mới chưa đầy bốn tuổi.
S V Od Co
Everyone admired her there. [11, p.867]
S V Od A
Tại đây ai cũng phải lòng cô
A S V Od
4.3.1.1.6 REGRET
33
In terms of the sentence pattern, the verb regret appears in two structures
SVO and SVOA and when the English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the
structure of sentences are not changed, let’s see the following examples:

S V Od
Tôi lấy làm áy láy vì phải nói ra một diều như vậy với một bậc phu nhân.
S V Od
I don’t regret my tedious journey from Vienna now. [6, p.80]
S V O A
Bây giờ thì tôi không tiếc cuộc đi chán phè của tôi từ Viên đến đây nữa.
A S V Od
4.3.1.1.7 DISLIKE
Through analyzing the sentences having the verb dislike, it is easy to
recognize that this verb also occurs in the two patterns: SVO and SVOA, when the
English sentences containing these structures are translated into Vietnamese, they
are remained their structures, let’s see the following examples:
You dislike me . [14, p.156]

S V Od
Bà kh«ng yªu gì tôi
S V Od
Minerva ……., disliked her from that day. [19, p.28]
S V Od A
..từ bữa ấy, bà ghét cay ghét đắng Rebecca.
A S V Od
4.3.1.1 8 HATE
In the study of using the verb hate in the five novels and short stories, in
sentences using this verb. The verb hate has two sentence patterns, they are SVO,
SVOA, when the English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, the structures
are remained, let’s see the following examples:
34
I hate this place. [2, p.29]
S V Od
Tôi thù ghét nơi này
S V Od
I hate to intrude on you at this time. [20, p.700]
S V Od A
Tôi không muốn đột nhập vào nhà ta giờ này
S V Od A
4.3.1.1.9 FEAR
Through analyzing the sentences having the verb fear, it is easy to recognize
that this verb also occurs in the two patterns. They are SVO and SVOA; when the
English sentences are translated into Vietnamese, these structures of sentences are
not changed, let’s see the following examples:
I feared Emmie would die too. [6, p.54]

S V Od
Tôi sợ Emmie cũng chết theo.
S V Od
S V Od A
Tôi lo cho sự an toàn của bà ta trong thời tiết này.
S V Od A
In terms of their sentences patterns, as can be seen, structures of the
liking verb group almost has not been changed when they are translated into
Vietnamese.
4.3.1.2 In terms of their sentence elements
4.3.1.2.1 Subject
In the Liking verb group in English, subject is normally a noun phrase, or a
pronoun and when this subject translated into Vietnamese is also realized as a noun,
or a pronoun.
Let’s see the following examples:
He still liked her tremendously and respected her. [33, p.12]
35
Pronoun
Anh vẫn thương nàng sâu đậm và nể trọng nàng.
Pronoun
I love being scolded by her. [8, p.138]
Pronoun
Con chỉ muốn bị bà ấy mắng cho một trận.
Pronoun
Scralett love the quite hours which the family spent there after supper.
Noun phrase [21, p.53]
Scralett yêu thích những giờ êm ấm lúc gia đình còn lán lại sau bữa ăn tối
Noun phrase
4.3.1.2.2 Object
In the Liking verb group in English, object is normally a noun phrase, or a
pronoun and when this subject translated into Vietnamese is also realized as a noun,
or a pronoun.
Let’s see the following examples:
I hate them. [22, p.45]
Pronoun
Tôi thù oán họ.
Pronoun
Paddy loved Meggie more than he did his sons. [18, p42]
Noun phrase
…Cha vẫn tỏ ra âu yếm Meggie hơn cả bọn con trai.
Noun phrase
Still enjoying this magnificent inner vision… [20, p.88]
Noun phrase
Đắm mình trong c¶nh s¾c t©m linh tuyÖt ®Ñp…
Noun phrase
4.3.2 In terms of their semantics
English novels, and short stories, the meaning of the liking verb group in English
and their Vietnamese equivalents are:
36
4.3.2.1 LIKE
First, like in English is equivalent to có thích, rất thích, tùy thích, ưa thích,
mến thích in Vietnamese, for instance:
1. I like looking at geniuses, and listening to beautiful people. [9, p.56]
Tôi rất thích nhìn các bậc thiên tài và rất thích nghe các người đẹp
2. I don’t know that I like being watched when I am eating. [12, p.60]
. Liệu tôi cã thÝch có người nhìn khi đang ăn không nhỉ?
3. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump, may marry
WHOM SHE LIKES. [9, p.54]
Một người đàn bà có nhan sắc, không có một cái tật gì quá quắt, là có thể
muốn lấy ai tùy thích
4. As you don’t like me, Linton [8, p.205]
Vì em không ưa thích chị, Linton ạ.
5. But they were a sociable family and liked their neighbors. [6, p. 72]
Nhưng trong con người họ Tarleton đều quen tính niềm nở và rất mến thích
các bạn láng giềng.
Second, like is the same as muốn, rất muốn in Vietnamese, for example:
6. I should like to see her [15, p. 232]
Tôi muốn được gặp bà ta.
7. I should like to have a serious talk about life with Lady Chiltern [3, p.100]
Tôi rất muốn có một cuộc nói chuyện nghiêm chỉnh với Sinton phu nhân
Third, Like is similar to thương, yêu mến in Vietnamese, let's see the following
examples:
8. because he liked Heathcliff [3, p.37]
9. ...do cụ yêu mến thằng bé Heathcliff
10. He still liked her tremendously and respected her for her cool breeding,...
[33, p.12]
Anh vẫn thương nàng sâu đậm và nể trọng nàng qua phong cách dịu dàng…
Fourth, like is similar to định in Vietnamese, for examples:
11. When they were married, Pitt would have liked to take a hymeneal tour
with his bride as became people of their condition.
37
Cưới xong, Pitt định tổ chức một cuộc du lịch trăng mật với cô dâu cho xứng
với địa vị của mình.
Fifth, like is similar to tùy ý in Vietnamese, for instance:
12. Give me a sum of money,’ said the girl, ‘and get rid of me- or, if you like
better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family
Bà hãy trả tiền công rồi cứ tống khứ tôi đi cũng được, hoặc bà kiếm cho tôi
một chỗ dạy trẻ trong một gia đình quyền quý nào đó, tùy ý bà. [7, p.29]
4.3.2.2 ENJOY
First, enjoy is similar to thích, thích thú, thú, vui thú, vui sướng, vui in
Vietnamese, let's see the following examples:
1. I have enjoyed my talk with him immensely. [25, p.76]
Tôi rất thÝch nói chuyện với ngài Rơbot
2. She was beautiful, and he enjoyed beautiful. [20, p.119]
Nó xinh đẹp, và mọi cái đẹp đẽ đều làm cha thÝch thó.
3. “Horrid”. Cried Rebecca, enjoying is perplexity. [16, p. 628]
Rebecca giả vờ kêu lên, thấy anh chàng hoảng hốt cô ta thó lắm.
4. If he were a born fool I should not enjoy it half so much [6, p.178]
Nếu nó sinh ra là thằng ngu đần thì chắc nửa chút vui này tôi cũng không có
5. Could she think it was to deny her a pleasure that she might harmlessly
enjoy?
[28, p.180]
Phải chăng cô ấy sẽ nghĩ làm như vậy là để không cho cô ấy được vui thú một
cách vô hại?
6. I’ll enjoy the job, Paddy. [14, p.249]
Tôi sẽ vui sướng bắt tay vào việc ấy, Petđi ạ
Second, enjoy is equivalent to lấy làm vui, khoái, rất khoái, khoái trá, khoan
khoái, khoái trí, lấy làm hả hê lắm in Vietnamese, for examples:
7. He was the only one who seemed to enjoy sitting talking to her. [12, p.64]
D−êng nh− chØ cã anh lÊy lµm vui s−íng ngåi ch¬i nãi chuyÖn víi nã.
8. Scarlett, hating the bright hard blue they wore, enjoyed snubbing them all
38
Ghét cay ghét đắng màu xanh ấy, Scarlet càng khoái làm đám nhà binh mất
mặt vì việc đó làm họ bàng hoàng.
9. It was while enjoying he humiliation of her enemy that Rebecca caught
sight of Jos who made towards her directly he perceived her [20, p.627]
§ang kho¸i trá¸ vì trả được mối thù cũ thì Rebacca nhìn thấy Jos, anh chàng
vừa nom thấy Rebacca vội tiến lại.
10. I'm sure I shall enjoy your campaign intensively. [11, p.730]
Chắc chắn tôi sẽ rất khoái cái chiến dịch của cô
11. Jim, attracted to the window by the romantic appearance of the ocean and
the heavens, thought he would futher enjoy them while smoking. [2, p.690]
Tim thấy phong cảnh hữu tình, ra tựa cửa sổ nhìn, trong đầu nảy sinh ý nghĩ
nên hút điếu thuốc cho thêm khoan khoái.
12. She did! she did!” sang Linton, sinking into the recess of his chair, and
leaning back his head to enjoy the agitation of the other disputant [2,p.194]
….Linton nói như hát…., khoái trí trước sự phẫn nộ của người tranh luận với mình
13. She enjoyed herself not a little in an occupation which gave full scope to
her taste and ingenuity. [12, p.882]
được dịp khoe tài thẩm mĩ và sáng kiến của mình, Rabecca lấy làm hả hê
lắm
Third, enjoy is similar to vui vẻ, tận hưởng, muốn được thưởng thức, ăn,
hưởng, đắm mình, sảng khoái in Vietnamese, let's see the following examples:
14. You enjoyed yourself tonight, didn’t you? [4, p.326]
Hôm nay cô vui vÎ đúng không?
15. All things he’ll let me have and enjoy. [3, p.687]
Chúa cho phép con có đủ mọi thứ và h−ëng lạc thú
16. Still enjoying this magnificent inner vision… [20, p.88]
§¾m m×nh trong cảnh sắc tâm linh tuyệt đẹp…
17. And she could not enjoy it under his gaze. [25, p.726]
Nhưng nàng làm sao ¨n cho ngon được dưới con mắt nhìn trừng trừng của
chàng.
18. I let him enjoy the luxury unannoyed. [22, p.28]
Tôi mặc lão tận hưởng niềm vui sướng mà không bị quấy rầy.
39
19. Yet I feel as if I could enjoy something interesting. [27, p.76]
Song tôi cảm thấy mình muốn được thưởng thức điều gì đó thật thú vị.
20. While enjoying a month of fine weather at the seacoast… [3, p.10]
Trong khi đang đi nghỉ một tháng ở ngoài bờ biển…
21. She sat a long while enjoying the genial heat ... [10, p.112]
Cô chủ ngồi đó một hồi lâu, người thấy sảng khoái trước hơi ấm dễ chịu…
Fourth, enjoy is similar to kết bạn, thực hiện nhiệm vụ in Vietnamese, for
example:
22. I came to enjoy her company. [4, p.63]
Cha đến kết bạn với cô ấy
23. Mrs O’Dowld knew the major’s expectations appreciated his good
qualities and the high character which enjoyed in his profession. [6, p.866]
Bà O’Dowl hiểu rõ mối tình u uẩn của thiếu tá. Bà cũng khen ngợi anh ta là
người có nhiều đức tính và tính cách cao thượng của anh ta như khi anh ta thực
hiện nhiệm vụ của mình.
4.3.2.3 LOVE
First, love is similar to rất yêu, yêu, yêu quý, yêu thích, thích, quí trọng, quý
mến, quý như vàng, yêu mến, âu yếm, thương in Vietnamese, let’s consider:
1. I know it, and for that I love you Robert. [19, p.96]
Em biÕt ®iÒu ®ã vµ do vËy em rÊt yªu anh R«bít ¹.
2. Oh love me always, Gertrude, love me always! [20, p.96]
Gotorut, em hãy yêu anh mãi mãi, mãi mãi chứ?
3. Oh, sweety.I love you so much. [1, p.124]
Ôi cháu cưng của bà. Bà thương cháu quá đi thôi.
4. Not alone,’ said Amelia; ‘you know, Rebecca, I shall always be your
friend, and love you as a sister—indeed I will. [19, p.32]
Không sợ trơ trọi đâu, Rebecca ạ. Em sẽ là bạn của chị mãi mãi, em sẽ yêu quý
chị nh− chị em ruột, thật đấy.
5. Frank realized that for all his proud boasting, Paddy loved Meggie more
than he did his sons. [18, p42]
Frank hiểu ra rằng dù với vẻ ngoài cứng rắn, cha vẫn tỏ ra âu yếm Meggie
hơn cả bọn con trai.
40
6. They all love her but they thought her the sweetest, most pliable of young
women. [18, p.733]
Tất cả đều yêu mến nàng, song họ cho nàng là người thiếu phụ dịu dàng nhất,
dễ bảo nhất.
7. How she love you how we all love our admirable our respectable Miss
Crawley. [12, p.694]
Bà trung tá quý chị như vàng. Chúng tôi quý mến bà chị vô cùng.
8. But Gerald, incensed cavalier way in which she treated his proffered gift,
the thing which, next to Hellen, he loved best in the whole world. [2, p.31]
Nhưng tức giận trước sự khinh mạn gạt gang của con đối với món quà mà ông
quí trọng nhất đời.
9. Georgy loved the redcoat. [7, p. 770]
Geory thích những bộ quân phục màu đỏ lắm.
10. Ordinarily, Scralett love the quite hours which the family spent there after
supper. [21, p.53]
Thường thường Scrallett yêu thích những giờ êm ấm lúc gia đình còn nán lại
sau bữa ăn tối.
11. She loves horses and talks horses constantly. [22, p.71]
Bà thương ngựa và nói về chúng bất cứ lúc nào.
Second, love is equivalent to khao khát, muốn, rất thích, tuyệt quá in
Vietnamese, let’s see the following examples:
12. What person who loved a horse- speculation could resist such a
temptation? [11, p.629]
Anh đang khao khát có ngựa để đi khó mà cưỡng lại điều cám dỗ này cho
được.
13. Oh, Daddy, I’ll love it [22, p.250]
Ôi ba thân yêu, thế thì tuyệt quá!
14. I loved being scolded. [8, p.138]
Con chỉ muốn bị bà ấy mắng cho một trận anh
15. I love to hear Robert talk about them” [6, p.148]
Tôi rất thích nghe Roobot nói về chính trị
4.3.2.4 PREFER
41
First, prefer is similar to thích…hơn, ưa…hơn, ưng…hơn, muốn...hơn in
Vietnamese, let’s consider:
1. I prefer books… in yellow covers [11, p.148]
T«i thÝch ….sách bìa vàng hơn.
2. He prefer his nurse’s caresses to his mamma’s. [19, p.731]
Chính nó cũng ưa được bà vú nuôi nâng niu hơn được mẹ bế.
3. I prefer it domestic. [19, p.272]
Con muốn có một sự nghiệp trong gia đình hơn
4. And I’m not putting my money in real estate. I prefer bonds. [16, p.728]
Và tôi không đầu tư tiền của mình vào bất động sản, tôi ưng trái khoán hơn.
Second, prefer is similar to thấy... đẹp đẽ hơn, lại thích in Vietnamese, let's
see the following examples:
5. He preferred the quite little Belgian city to either of the more noisy capital.
Anh ta thấy cuộc sốn ở cái thành phố Bỉ lặng lẽ kia đẹp đẽ hơn những nơi kinh đô
quá ồn ào. [3, p.730]
6. I preferred giving him my own. [11, p.200]
Em lại thích cho anh ấy mượn những cuốn của riêng em.
4.3.2.5 ADMIRE
Admire in English is the same as thán phục, khâm phục,, ¸i mé, khen ngợi,
khen mãi in Vietnamese, let’s see the following examples:
1. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters.
[35, p.37]
Ông thán phục cái dáng điệu sang trọng buông thả của các đại phú ông và
chủ đồn điền.
2. I always admire people who do. [1, p.78]
Tôi rất khâm phục những ai nêu gương cho người khác.
3. But they were all mannered, beautifully tailored, and they evidently
admired her. [21, p.721]
Tuy nhiên, tất cả bọn họ đều hào hao phong nhã, ăn vận đẹp đẽ và hiển nhiên
là rất ái mộ nàng.
4. Becky admired little Matalda, who was not quite four years old. [11, p.833]
Becky khen mãi con bé Matilda mới chưa đầy bốn tuổi
42
5. I smelt the rich scent of the heating spices; and admired the shining kitchen
utensils ... [13, p.47]
Tôi ngửi thấy mùi cay nồng của gia vị và tự mình hết lời khen ngợi những đồ
dùng sáng loáng trong bếp…
Second, admire is equivalent to phải lòng in Vietnamese, for example:
6. Everone admired her there; everybody danced with her. [11, p 867]
Tại đây ai cũng phải lòng cô, ai cũng nhảy với cô.
Third, admire is similar to ngắm nhìn, ngắm, chiêm ngưỡng, trầm trồ, tâm đầu
ý hợp in Vietnamese equivalent, for example:
7. She double the deference which before had charmed him, calling out his
conversational powers in such as manner as quite to surprise Pitt himself, who
always inclined to respect his own talents, admire them the more when Rebecca
point them out of him. [12, p. 837]
Xưa nay Pitt vốn tự hào về tài ăn nói của mình, nay được Rebecca khéo léo
gãi đúng chỗ ngứa, anh chàng yên chí mình có đại tài, lại càng tỏ ra tâm đầu ý hợp
với em dâu.
8. I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the
front… [26, p.8]
tôi dừng lại ngắm vô khối những hình chạm trổ thô ở khắp mặt tiền..
10. I, as zealous as herself, hurried eagerly home to admire, on my part…
[5, p.55]
Tôi đâm ra cũng háo hức, liền chạy vội về nhà để được đích thân chiêm
ngưỡng
11. Having levelled my palace, don’t erect a hovel and complacently admire
your own charity in giving me that for a home [27, p.94]
Sau khi cô đã san bằng cung điện của tôi, xin đừng có dựng túp lều và tự mãn
trầm trồ với công việc nhón tay làm phúc của mình là đã cho tôi túp lều đó để làm
tổ ấm nhé.
4.3.2.6 REGRET
Regret in English is similar to tiếc, áy náy, lấy làm tiếc, rất tiếc, tỏ ý tiếc,
đáng tiếc in Vietnamese, for example:
43
1. I don’t regret my tedious journey from Vienna now. [6, p.80]
Bây giờ thì tôi không tiếc cuộc đi chán phè của tôi từ Viên đến đây nữa
2. I regret having to tell a lady such a thing. [17, p.687]
3. I regret it exceedingly. [2, p. 682]
Tôi rất lÊy lµm tiÕc.
4. He was properly apologetic for disturbing Scarlett and regretted that in
his rush of closing up business before leaving town he had been unable to be
present at the funeral.
Chàng nghiêm chỉnh xin lỗi đã quấy rầy Scarlett, tỏ ý tiếc rằng do vội thu xếp
cho công việc trước khi rời thành phố nên không đến dự tang lễ được.
5. Mis Crawley bid me say she regrets that she is to unwell to see you before
you go. [18, p.691]
Bà bảo tôi thưa với cậu bà mệt, rất tiếc không gặp được cậu trước khi cậu ra
về.
6. However much I may regret any circumstance.
Dẫu có chuyện đáng tiếc.
4.3.2.7 DISLIKE
First, dislike in English is equivalent to không yêu, không ưa, không thích,
không yêu mến in Vietnamese. Let's see in the following examples:
1. You dislike me. [14, p.156]
Bµ kh«ng yªu g× t«i.
2. He dislike for respectable society increased with age. [12, p.794]
Càng già lão càng ghét cay ghét đắng cái xã hội thượng lưu.
3...She dislike him. [15, p.891]
Rabeca không ưa gì thằng bé
4.…. you disliked my company, Cathy! [18, p.59]
cậu không thích tớ chơi cùng đâu, hả Cathy.
5…you have no reason to dislike me. [ 27, p.208]
không có lí do gì mà bác lại không yêu mến cháu.
Second, dislike in English is equivalent to ghét cay ghét đắng, in Vietnamese.
Let's see in the following examples:
44
6. Minerva was obliged to yield, and, of course, disliked her from that day.
[19, p.28]
Bà Minerva đành chịu thua, dĩ nhiên từ bữa ấy, bà ghét cay ghét đắng
Rebecca.
4.3.2.8 HATE
First, hate in English is equivalent to thù ghét, ghét cay ghét đắng, ghê tởm,
căm ghét, rất ghét, thù oán, thậm ghét in Vietnamese. Let's see the following
examples:
1. Scarlett, hating the bright hard blue they wore, enjoyed snubbing them all
GhÐt cay ghÐt ®¾ngmàu xanh ấy, Scarlet càng khoái làm đám nhà binh ấy
mất mặt vì việc ấy làm họ bàng hoàng
2. He may go back and tell Miss Pinkerton that I hate her with all my soul.
[22, p.19]
Cho nó về thách bà Pinkerton rằng em ghét bà ấy nh− đào đất đổ đi.
3. And she hated you about especially about Stuart Tarleton. [27, p.807]
Cô ta đặc biệt căm ghét em về chuyện của Stuart Tarleton.
4. I hated, I despised her. [25, p.86]
Em rất ghét, rất khinh bà ta.
5. I hated him the moment I laid eyes on him [3, p.17]
Mới thoạt nhìn chị đã căm ghét lão ta.
6. I hate her. [8, p.208]
Tôi thậm ghét bà ta.
7. Scarlett hated the sight of ominously till town now once she had loved it
Thành phố đã có lần nàng yêu mến nhất đời bây giờ trông ghê tởm quá với
cái không khí im lìm của nó.
8. I hate them. I hate them all. [22, p.45]
Tôi thù oán họ, tôi ghét tất cả họ
9. He hated the ceaseless patrolling of the paddocks, the hard ground to sleep
on the most nights, the savage dogs. [5, p.52]
Cậu thï ghÐt những chuyến đi bất tận suốt lượt các bãi chăn thả …..
45
Second, hate is similar to rất tiếc, không muốn, không chịu, đừng, rất không
muốn, không thích, không dám in Vietnamese, for examples:
10. I hate delays. [47, p.808]
Tôi kh«ng thÝchnhững chuyện trì hoãn muộn màng.
11. Well, sir, I hated to trouble you, and my father… [13, p.42]
Thưa bác, con kh«ng d¸mlàm phiền bác và cha con.
12. I would hate you to think I didn’t care? [56, p.808]
Tôi sẽ rất tiếc nếu anh nghĩ là tôi đã không quan tâm
13. I hate to intrude on you at this time. [20, p.700]
Tôi kh«ng muèn đột nhập vào nhà ta giờ này.
14. Aunt Anne said you were a horrible cranky baby and hated being held, but
when he held you, you really liked it. [11, p.617]
Bác Enno bảo thủa bé chị quấy lắm, không chịu cho bế nhưng khi ngài bế thì
chị lấy làm thích …
15. I hate to hear you talk like that, Ashley. [18, p.784]
¤i, Ashley, anh đừng nói thế.
16. I hate to trouble you. [54, p.808]
Tôi rất không muốn làm phiền anh.
4.3.2.9 FEAR
Fear in English is equivalent to sợ, lo, e, ngại in Vietnamese, for examples:
1. Never fear, everything will be all right. [66, p. 636]
Đừng sợ, rồi mọi việc sẽ ổn cả thôi.
2. if she had not feared her father’s loudly bawled questions, she would have
Và nếu không ngại những câu hỏi sang sảng của cha, chắc nàng đã chuồn ra
ngoài.
3. I fear for her safe in this weather. [17, p.636]
4. I fear I shall be weather-bound for half an hour [23, p.14]
Tôi e thời tiết sẽ giữ chân tôi lại đây đến nửa giờ đồng hồ.
46
In brief, the liking verb group can be used with a variety of meaning in
Vietnamese. The semantics of the English liking verb group and their Vietnamese
equivalents will be demonstrated as in the following table.
Table 4.2: The English Liking verb group and their Vietnamese Equivalent in term
of semantic feature.
No Verbs Vietnamese Quantity Percentage
thÝch, rất thích, mến thích, muèn,
1 LIKE tùy thích, định, tùy ý,rất muốn, 12 12%
định, thương, ưa thích
thich, lấy làm vui sướng, thích
thú, vui vẻ, khoái, khoái trá, thú,
khoan khoái, hưởng, rất khoái, 23 23%
2 ENJOY đắm mình, kết bạn, thực hiện
nhiệm vụ, ăn, làm hả hê lắm,đang
đi nghỉ, tận hưởng, vui, vui thú,
muốn được thưởng thức, sảng
khoái, khoái trí, vui sướng
Yªu, th−¬ng, yêu quí, âu yếm,
LOVE yêu mến, quý như vàng, quý mến, 15 15%
3 khát khao, yêu thích, muốn, quí
trọng, thích, rất yêu, thương
thÝch ... h¬n, ưa …hơn, muôn 6 6%
4 PREFER …hơn, ưng hơn, lại thích, thấy
Thán phục, khâm phục, ái mộ,
ADMIRE khen mãi, phải lòng, ngắm nhìn, 11 11%
5 xem xét, ngắm, khen ngợi, chiêm
ngưỡng, trầm trồ
thù ghét,không thích,không dám,
ghét,không muốn, ghét cay ghét
6 HATE đắng, ghê tởm, không chịu, đừng, 16 16%
47
thù oán, ghét như đào đất đổ đi,
căm ghét, thậm ghét, rất không
muốn, rất tiếc
Tiếc, áy láy,lấy làm tiếc, tỏ ý tiếc, 6 6%
7 REGRET rất tiếc, đáng tiếc
Kh«ng −a, ghÐt, kh«ng thÝch,
8 DISLIKE không yêu, ghét cay ghét đắng, 6 6%
không yêu mến
9 FEAR Sî, nga-i, lo,e 4 4%
Total 99 100%
The table 4.3 indicates that the Vietnamese meanings of nine liking verbs
investigated. In the data, the verbs Like has 12 meanings and takes the percentage
of 12 %, the other verbs as enjoy, love, admire, fear, hate are 23 meanings with
23%, 15 meanings with 15 %, 11 meanings with 11%, 4 meanings with 4%, 16
meanings with 16%, prefer, regret, dislike are 6 meanings with 6% respectively.
4.4 Implication for teaching and learning Liking verb group in English
With the scope of this paper, author has dealt with some basic knowledge of
word meaning, sense relations, semantic field, semantic role and syntactic relations.
The finding of the study may be on in one way or another beneficial for the
language learners. For the language teaching, this study help teachers teach the
syntactic and semantic of the liking verb group flexibly and sufficiently.
The language teachers should create condition for leaners to practise English
liking verbs in context, which help them get acquainted with many liking verbs,
distinguish between different liking verbs structures, and know how to translate
them into Vietnamese. So, their learners can you the knowledge as well as product
it perfectly, which can be carried out by constant practice in class with the guide of
teacher at school and with students’ self study at home.
48
During the process of learning a foreign language, learners often impose the
use of their mother tongue on that of the target language is an inevitable habit. To
help learners avoid such problem, it is teachers’ duty to point out all of the
similarities and differences between the two languages in respect of the concerning
issue. In other words, contrastive analysis teaching is indispensable in such
situation.
In translation, with the understanding of the use of language structures, it is
easy to translate languages. Translation exercises from Vietnamese into English and
vice versa should be given to learners to help them use English liking verbs and
their Vietnamese equivalents.
4.5 Summary
In this section, the syntactic and semantic features of the LIKING verb group
in English have been discussed. The syntactic of the LIKING verb group in English
are analyzed in detail in terms of three sentence patterns (SVO, SVOC, SVOA).
The semantics of the LIKING verb group in English are described in different
senses of nine verbs like, love, hate, prefer, admire, dislike, regret, fear as the verbs
of positive and negative admire verbs.
Then the comparison is given to collate with their Vietnamese equivalents.
As comparison, result of the study proves that there are some similarities and
differences between the LIKING verb group in English and in Vietnamese.
Meanings conveyed by nine English verbs like, love, enjoy, regret, hate, admire,
dislike, prefer, admire, and fear are not restricted in most dictionaries but also in
seven novels and short stories. Also, the study points out that speaker’s choice of a
language form to interpret an event is rather important depending on his cognition
of the situation he is talking about. English liking verbs in different contexts can be
perceived differently.
49
Chapter 5: CONCLUSION
In the final part of the thesis, the results of the study will be reviewed, then
some conclusions from the detailed analysis of the previous chapter and some
limitations and suggestions for future researches will be given.
5.1 Concluding remarks
The study has found out the answers to the three research questions. It
suggests some solutions to improving the teaching and translating methods of the
LIKING verb group in both English and Vietnamese.
The results of the study were more numerous, and they seem to be more
significant, with the most salient and general finding consisting in the fact that,
despite a number of parallels between the verbs investigated, each of the verb
perspective the linguistic scene in different ways.
Firstly, in terms of syntactic features, the LIKING verb group is analyzed
into two parts: according to the sentence patterns and sentence elements. This verb
group is used in only three sentence patterns (SVO, SVOC, SVOA) among seven
sentence patterns. According to the sentence elements, in the LIKING verb group in
English is the element that is most often present. The subject in this group is
normally a noun phrase, a pronoun. Verbs belonging to the LIKING verb group are
monotransitive and complex transitive verbs followed by direct object (Od).
Secondly, in terms of semantic features, the liking verb group involves two roles: an
Experiencer get a certain feeling about a Stimulus. These verbs are transitive with
the Experiencer in A relation and the Stimulus-which cannot be omitted – in O
relation. In another words, the verb the like, love, enjoy, admire are verbs of the
positive admire verb, hate, dislike, regret, fear are verbs of the negative admire
verb. The study has found that the Vietnamese meanings of nine liking verbs
investigated: the verbs Like has 12 meanings and takes the percentage of 12 %, the
other verbs as enjoy, love, admire, fear, hate are 23 meanings with 23%, 15
meaning with 15 %, 11 meanings with 11%, 4 meaning with 4%, 16 meanings with
16%, prefer, regret, dislike are 6 meanings with 6% respectively.
50
Finally, some suggestions to improving the teaching and translating methods
of the LIKING verb group are mentioned. Vietnamese grammar books and English-
Vietnamese dictionaries, it is momentously interesting to figure out that authors
depending on each case, apply appropriate Vietnamese equivalents to the LIKING
verb group.
The obvious conclusion to be drawn is one whereby the questions and goals
of this study seem to have been answered in the course of the linguistic
investigations. The interface of the syntax and semantics of the LIKING verb group
in English has been investigating and interpreted. This seems to have had a bearing
which were also investigated and accounted for.
5.2 Limitations of the research.
Although the study has offered the syntactic and semantic features of the
LIKING verb group in English and their Vietnamese equivalents, it has some
limitations. The results in this study are just relatively reasonable because of limited
number of instances with nine verbs taken for analysis. To assure that in the future
research, more instances will be analyzed to have a standard result.
In the study, different syntactic patterns and derived meaning conveyed by
the LIKING verb group have been scrutinized from semantic perspective through
the componential analysis. The study might be served as a foundation for studies on
other active verbs.
Due to the limited time, the study has not investigated the syntactic feature of
the verbs in passive voice yet. Moreover, the study has not been analyzed from the
point of view of culture and pragmatics. English in this study is considered as
source language and it has been presented relatively adequately but in term of
Vietnamese equivalent, Vietnamese is considered as target language and it has not
been completely studied yet.
Though great efforts have been made in this thesis to work out the best
results, mistakes and limitations are unavoidable. Therefore any your comments or
corrections for our better work would be highly appreciated.
51
5.3 Suggestions for further research.
As stated the limitations of the study, further research should be conducted as
follows:
- The LIKING verb group in English and their Vietnamese equivalents from
the point of view of culture and pragmatics.
- The syntactic features of LIKING verb group in English in passive structure.
52
REFERENCE
ENGLISH
1. Alexander. L.G (1988). Longman English Grammar. Pearson Education Limited,
English
2. Angela. Downing, Philip. Locke (1992). English Grammar: A University Course.
Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd, New YorK.
3. Crystal, David (2008). A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Blackwell
Publisher, UK
4. Dixon, R.M.W (1991). A New Approach to English Grammar on Semantic
Principles. Oxford University Press, United States.
5. Jackendoff, R (1990). Semantic Structures. MIT Press, Cambridge.
6. Jack Richards. Richard Schmidt (1987). Longman dictionary of Language
Teaching & Applied Linguistics. Pearson Education Limited, Britain.
7. Richard A. Spears (2002). NTC’s Pocket Dictionary of Words and Phrases. The
McGraw-Hill Companies, United States.
8. Levin, B (1993). English Verb Classes and Alternations: A preliminary
investigation. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
9. Linda. Thomas (1993). Beginning Syntax. Blackwell Publisher, UK.
10. Lyons, John (1995). Linguistic Semantics. An Introduction. Cambridge
University Press, London.
11. Quirk. Randolph et al (1985). A comprehensive grammar of the English
language. Longman Group Limited, New York.
12. Sally Wehmeier (2015). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current
English. Oxford University Press, New York, 7th Edition.
13. Yule. George (1996). The Study of Language. Cambridge University Press,
London.
14. V.J Cook, Mark Newson (2007). Chomsky’s Universal Grammar: An
Introduction. Blackwell Publisher, UK.
53
15. Wierzbicka, Anna (1987). English speech act verbs- A semantic dictionary.
Academic Pr, U.S.
VIETNAMESE
16. DiÖp Quang Ban & Hoang V¨n Thung (1992). Ngữ pháp tiếng Việt. Nxb. Gi¸o
dôc, Hµ Néi
17. Lª Biªn (1999). Từ loại tiếng Việt hiện đại. Nxb Gi¸o dôc, Ha Néi.
18. NguyÔn Kim Th¶n (1977) Động từ trong tiếng Việt. Nxb. Khoa häc XG héi Hµ
Néi.
19. NguyÔn Kim Th¶n et al. (2005) Từ điển tiếng Việt. Nxb. V¨n Hãa Sµi Gßn. Hå
ChÝ Minh.
English Material Sources
20. Colleen McCullough (1977). The thorn birds”. Harper and Row, Publisher
21. Emily Bronte, (1847) Wuthering Heights.Thomas Cautley Newby Publisher,
UK
22. Margaret Mitchell (1936). Gone with the Wind. New York Times
23. Oscar Wilde (1993) An idea husband. Methuen Drama.
24. William Makepeace Thackeray, (1848) Vanity Fair, Punch magazine, UK
Vietnamese Material Sources
25. Phạm Mạnh Hùng (2011). Tiếng chim hót trong bụi mận gai. Hµ Néi: NXB V¨n
häc
26. Mạnh Chương (2018) Đồi gió hú. Hµ Néi: NXB V¨n häc
27. Hoàng Nguyên (1998). Một người chồng lý tưởng. Hµ N«i: NXB ThÕ giíi
28. Trần Kiệm. Hội chợ phù hoa. NXB V¨n häc
29. Vò Kim Th− (2009). Cuốn theo chiều gió .Hà Néi: NXB V¨n häc
54
APPENDIX
1. I like looking at geniuses, and listening to beautiful people. [9, p.56]

Tôi rất thích nhìn các bậc thiên tài và rất thích nghe các người đẹp
2. I don’t know that I like being watched when I am eating. [12, p.60]
LiÖu t«i cã thÝch cã ng−êi nh×n khi ®ang ¨n hay kh«ng nhØ?
3. A woman with fair opportunities, and without an absolute hump, may marry
WHOM SHE LIKES. [9, p.54]
Một người đàn bà có nhan sắc, không có một cái tật gì quá quắt, là có thể muốn lấy
ai tùy thích
4. As you don’t like me, Linton [8, p.205]
Vì em không ưa thích chị, Linton ạ.
5. But they were a sociable family and liked their neighbors. [6, p. 72]
Nhưng trong con người họ Tarleton đều quen tính niềm nở và rất mến thích các
bạn láng giềng.
6. I should like to see her [15, p. 232]
Tôi muốn được gặp bà ta.
7. I should like to have a serious talk about life with Lady Chiltern [3, p.100]
Tôi rất muốn có một cuộc nói chuyện nghiêm chỉnh với Sinton phu nhân
8. because he liked Heathcliff [3, p.37]
9. ...do cụ yêu mến thằng bé Heathcliff
10.He still liked her tremendously and respected her for her cool breeding, ...
[33, p.12]
Anh vẫn thương nàng sâu đậm và nể trọng nàng qua phong cách dịu dàng…
11. When they were married, Pitt would have liked to take a hymeneal tour with his
bride as became people of their condition.
Cưới xong, Pitt định tổ chức một cuộc du lịch trăng mật với cô dâu cho xứng với
địa vị của mình.
12. Give me a sum of money,’ said the girl, ‘and get rid of me- or, if you like better,
get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family
55
Bà hãy trả tiền công rồi cứ tống khứ tôi đi cũng được, hoặc bà kiếm cho tôi một
chỗ dạy trẻ trong một gia đình quyền quý nào đó, tùy ý bà. [7, p.29]
13. I have enjoyed my talk with him immensely. [25, p.76]
T«i rÊt thÝch nãi chuyÖn víi ngµi R«b¬t.
14. She was beautiful, and he enjoyed beautiful. [20,
p.119]
Nã xinh ®Ñp, vµ mäi çi ®Ñp ®Ï ®Òu lµm cha thÝch thó.
15. “Horrid”. Cried Rebecca, enjoying is perplexity. [16, p. 628]
Rebecca gi¶ vê kªu lªn; thÊy anh chµng ho¶ng hèt, c« ta thó l¾m.
16. If he were a born fool I should not enjoy it half so much [6, p.178]
Nếu nó sinh ra là thằng ngu đần thì chắc nửa chút vui này tôi cũng không có
17. Could she think it was to deny her a pleasure that she might harmlessly enjoy?
[28, p.180]
Phải chăng cô ấy sẽ nghĩ làm như vậy là để không cho cô ấy được vui thú một cách
vô hại?
18. I’ll enjoy the job, Paddy. [14, p.249]
Tôi sẽ vui sướng bắt tay vào việc ấy, Petđi ạ
19. Scarlett, hating the bright hard blue they wore, enjoyed snubbing them all the
more because it so bewildered them. [2, p.746]
GhÐt cay ghÐt ®¾ng mµu xanh Êy, Scarlet cµng kho¸i lµm ®¸m nhµ binh mÊt mÆt v×
viÖc ®ã lµm hä bµng hoµng.
20. It was while enjoying he humiliation of her enemy that Rebecca caught sight of
Jos who made towards her directly he perceived her [20, p.627]
§ang kho¸i tr¸ v× tr¶ ®−îc mèi thï cò th× Rebecca nh×n thÊy Jos, anh chµng võa
nom thÊy Rebecca véi tiÕn l¹i
21. I'm sure I shall enjoy your campaign intensively. [11, p.730]
Ch¾c ch¾n t«i sÏ rÊt kho¸i çi chiÕn dÞch cña c«.
22. Jim, attracted to the window by the romantic appearance of the ocean and the
heavens, thought he would futher enjoy them while smoking. [2, p.690]
Tim thÊy phong c¶nh h÷u t×nh, ra tùa cöa sæ nh×n, trong ®Çu n¶y sinh ý nghÜ nªn hót
®iÕu thuèc cho thªm khoan kho¸i.
56
23. She did! she did!” sang Linton, sinking into the recess of his chair, and leaning
back his head to enjoy the agitation of the other disputant [2,p.194]
… .Linton nói như hát…., khoái trí trước sự phẫn nộ của người tranh luận với
mình
24. She enjoyed herself not a little in an occupation which gave full scope to her
taste and ingenuity. [12, p.882]
®−îc dÞp khoe tµi thÈm mü vµ s¸ng kiÕn cña m×nh, Rabecca lÊy lµm h¶ hª l¾m.
25. You enjoyed yourself tonight, didn’t you? [4, p.326]
H«m nay c« vui vÎ ®óng kh«ng?
26. All things he’ll let me have and enjoy. [3, p.687]
Chóa cho phÐp con cã ®ñ mäi thø vµ h−ëng l¹c thó
27. Still enjoying this magnificent inner vision… [20, p.88]
§¾m m×nh trong c¶nh s¾c t©m linh tuyÖt ®Ñp…
28. And she could not enjoy it under his gaze. [25, p.726]
Nh−ng nµng lµm sao ¨n cho ngon ®−îc d−íi con m¾t nh×n trõng trõng cña chµng.
29. I let him enjoy the luxury unannoyed. [22, p.28]
Tôi mặc lão tận hưởng niềm vui sướng mà không bị quấy rầy.
30. Yet I feel as if I could enjoy something interesting. [27, p.76]
Song tôi cảm thấy mình muốn được thưởng thức điều gì đó thật thú vị.
31. While enjoying a month of fine weather at the seacoast… [3, p.10]
Trong khi đang đi nghỉ một tháng ở ngoài bờ biển…
32. She sat a long while enjoying the genial heat ... [10, p.112]
Cô chủ ngồi đó một hồi lâu, người thấy sảng khoái trước hơi ấm dễ chịu…
33. I came to enjoy her company. [4, p.63]
Cha ®Õn kÕt b¹n víi c« Êy
34. Mrs O’Dowld knew the major’s expectations appreciated his good qualities and
the high character which enjoyed in his profession. [6, p.866]
Bµ O’Dowl hiÓu râ mèi t×nh u uÈn cña thiÕu t¸. Bµ còng khen ngîi anh ta lµ ng−êi
cã nhiÒu ®øc tÝnh vµ tÝnh çch cao th−îng cña anh ta nh− khi anh ta thùc hiÖn
nhiÖm vô cña m×nh.
35 He was the only one who seemed to enjoy sitting talking to her. [12, p.64]
D−êng nh− chØ cã anh lÊy lµm vui s−íng ngåi ch¬i nãi chuyÖn víi nã.
57
36. I know it, and for that I love you Robert. [19, p.96]
Em biÕt ®iÒu ®ã vµ do vËy em rÊt yªu anh R«bít ¹.
37. Oh love me always, Gertrude, love me always [20, p.96]
G¬t¬rót, em hGy yªu anh mGi mGi, mGi mGi chø?
38. Oh, sweety. I love you so much. [1, p.124]
¤i ch¸u c−ng cña bµ. Bµ th−¬ng ch¸u qu¸ ®i th«i
39. Not alone,’ said Amelia; ‘you know, Rebecca, I shall always be your friend, and
love you as a sister—indeed I will. [19, p.32]
Không sợ trơ trọi đâu, Rebecca ạ. Em sẽ là bạn của chị mãi mãi, em sẽ yêu quý chị
nh− chị em ruột, thật đấy.
40. Frank realized that for all his proud boasting, Paddy loved Meggie more than he
did his sons. [18, p.42]
41. They all love her but they thought her the sweetest, most pliable of young
women. [18, p.733]
TÊt c¶ ®Òu yªu mÕn nµng, song hä cho nµng lµ ng−êi thiÕu phô dÞu dµng nhÊt, dÔ
b¶o nhÊt.
42. How she love you how we all love our admirable our respectable Miss Crawley.
[12, p.694]
Bµ trung t¸ quý chÞ nh− vµng. Chóng t«i quý mÕn bµ chÞ v« cïng.
43. But Gerald, incensed cavalier way in which she treated his proffered gift, the
thing which, next to Hellen, he loved best in the whole world. [2, p.31]
Nh−ng tøc giËn tr−íc sù khinh m¹n g¹t gang cña con ®èi víi mãn quµ mµ «ng quÝ
träng nhÊt ®êi
44. Georgy loved the redcoat. [7, p. 770]
Georgy thÝch nh÷ng bé qu©n phôc mµu ®á l¾m.
45. Ordinarily, Scralett love the quite hours which the family spent there after
supper.
[21, p.53]
Th−êng th−êng Scralett yªu thÝch nh÷ng giê ªm Êm lóc gia ®×nh cßn n¸n l¹i sau
b÷a ¨n tèi.
46. She loves horses and talks horses constantly. [22, p.71]
Bµ th−¬ng ngùa vµ nãi vÒ chóng bÊt cø lóc nµo.
58
47. What person who loved a horse- speculation could resist such a temptation?
Anh ®ang khao kh¸t cã ngùa ®Ó ®i khã mµ c−ìng l¹i ®iÒu çm giç nµy cho ®−îc.
[11, p.629]
48. I loved being scolded. [8, p.138]
Con chỉ muốn bị bà ấy mắng cho một trận
49. I love to hear Robert talk about them” [6, p.148]
Tôi rất thích nghe Roobot nói về chính trị
50. I prefer books… in yellow covers” [11, p.148]
T«i thÝch …….s¸ch b×a vµng h¬n.
51. He prefer his nurse’s caresses to his mamma’s. [19, p.731]
ChÝnh nã còng −a ®−îc bµ vó nu«i n©ng niu h¬n ®−îc mÑ bÕ.
52. I prefer it domestic.
Con muèn cã mét sù nghiÖp trong gia ®×nh h¬n [19, p.272]
53. And I’m not putting my money in real estate. I prefer bonds. [16, p.728]
Vµ t«i kh«ng ®Çu t− tiÒn cña m×nh vµo bÊt ®éng s¶n, t«i −ng tr¸i kho¸n h¬n.
54. He preferred the quite little Belgian city to either of the more noisy capital.
Anh ta thÊy cuéc sèng ë çi thµnh phè BØ lÆng lÏ kia ®Ñp ®Ï h¬n nh÷ng n¬i kinh ®«
qu¸ ån µo. [3, p.730]
55. I preferred giving him my own. [11, p.200]
Em lại thích cho anh ấy mượn nhũng cuốn của riêng em.
56. He admired the drawling elegance of the wealthy rice and cotton planters.
[35, p.37]
¤ng th¸n phôc çi d¸ng ®iÖu sang träng bu«ng th¶ cña çc ®¹i phó «ng vµ chñ ®ån
®iÒn.
T«i rÊt kh©m phôc nh÷ng ai nªu g−¬ng cho ng−êi kh¸c.
58. But they were all mannered, beautifully tailored, and they evidently admired
her. [21, p.721]
Tuy nhiªn, tÊt c¶ bän hä ®Òu hµo hoa phong nhG, ¨n vËn ®Ñp ®Ï vµ hiÓn nhiªn lµ rÊt
¸i mé nµng.
59. Becky admired little Matalda, who was not quite four years old. [11, p.833]
Becky khen m·i con bÐ Matilda míi ch−a ®Çy bèn tuæi
59
60. I smelt the rich scent of the heating spices; and admired the shining kitchen
utensils ...
Tôi ngửi thấy mùi cay nồng của gia vị và tự mình hết lời khen ngợi những đồ dùng
sáng loáng trong bếp… [13, p47]
61. Everone admired her there; everybody danced with her. [11, p 867]
T¹i ®©y ai còng ph¶i lßng c«, ai còng nh¶y víi c«.
62.She double the deference which before had charmed him, calling out his
conversational powers in such as manner as quite to surprise Pitt himself, who
always inclined to respect his own talents, admire them the more when Rebecca
point them out of him. [12, p. 837]
63. I paused to admire a quantity of grotesque carving lavished over the front…
X−a nay Pitt vèn tù hµo vÒ tµi ¨n nãi cña m×nh, nay ®−îc Rebecca khÐo lÐo gGi ®óng
chç ngøa, anh chµng yªn chÝ m×nh cã ®¹i tµi, l¹i cµng tá ra t©m ®Çu ý hîp víi em
d©u.
[26, p.8]
64. I, as zealous as herself, hurried eagerly home to admire, on my part [5, p.55]
Tôi đâm ra cũng háo hức, liền chạy vội về nhà để được đích thân chiêm ngưỡng
65. Having levelled my palace, don’t erect a hovel and complacently admire your
own charity in giving me that for a home. [27, p.94]
Sau khi cô đã san bằng cung điện của tôi, xin đừng có dựng túp lều và tự mãn trầm
trồ với công việc nhón tay làm phúc của mình là đã cho tôi túp lều đó để làm tổ ấm
nhé
66.I always admire people who do. [1, p.78]
67. Oh, Daddy, I’ll love it [22, p.250]
Ôi ba thân yêu, thế thì tuyệt quá
68. I regret having to tell a lady such a thing. [17, p.687]
69. I regret it exceedingly. [2, p. 682]
Tôi rất lÊy lµm tiÕc…
70. He was properly apologetic for disturbing Scarlett and regretted that in his rush
of closing up business before leaving town he had been unable to be present at the
funeral
60
Chàng nghiêm chỉnh xin lỗi đã quấy rầy Scarlett, tỏ ý tiếc rằng do vội thu xếp cho
công việc trước khi rời thành phố nên không đến dự tang lễ được.
71. Mis Crawley bid me say she regrets that she is to unwell to see you before you
go. [18, p.691]
Bà bảo tôi thưa với cậu bà mệt, rất tiếc không gặp được cậu trước khi cậu ra về.
72. However much I may regret any circumstance.
Dẫu có chuyện đáng tiếc.
73. I don’t regret my tedious journey from Vienna now. [6, p.80]
Bây giờ thì tôi không tiếc cuộc đi chán phè của tôi từ Viên đến đây
74. Minerva was obliged to yield, and, of course, disliked her from that day.
[19, p.28]
Bà Minerva đành chịu thua, dĩ nhiên từ bữa ấy, bà ghét cay ghét đắng Rebecca.
75. He dislike for respectable society increased with age. [12, p.794]
Càng già lão càng ghét cay ghét đắng cái xã hội thượng lưu.
76. She dislike him. [15, p.891]
Rabeca không ưa gì thằng bé
77…. you disliked my company, Cathy! [18, p.59]
cậu không thích tớ chơi cùng đâu, hả Cathy.
78. you have no reason to dislike me. [ 27,p.208]
không có lí do gì mà bác lại không yêu mến cháu.
79. You dislike me. [14, p.156]
Bµ kh«ng yªu g× t«i.
80. I hate delays. [47, p.808]
Tôi kh«ng thÝchnhững chuyện trì hoãn muộn màng.
81. Well, sir, I hated to trouble you, and my father… [13, p.42]
Thưa bác, con kh«ng d¸mlàm phiền bác và cha con.
82. He hated the ceaseless patrolling of the paddocks, the hard ground to sleep on
the most nights, the savage dogs. [5, p.52]
Cậu thï ghÐtthù ghét những chuyến đi bất tận suốt lượt các bãi chăn thả …..
83. I hate to intrude on you at this time. [20, p.700]
Tôi kh«ng muènđột nhập vào nhà ta giờ này.
61
84 Scarlett, hating the bright hard blue they wore, enjoyed snubbing them all the
more because it so bewildered them. [2, p. 746]
GhÐt cay ghÐt ®¾ngmàu xanh ấy, Scarlet càng khoái làm đám nhà binh ấy mất mặt
vì việc ấy làm họ bàng hoàng
85. Scarlett hated the sight of ominously till town now once she had loved it
Thành phố đã có lần nàng yêu mến nhất đời bây giờ trông ghê tởm quá với cái
không khí im lìm của nó.
86. Aunt Anne said you were a horrible cranky baby and hated being held, but
when he held you, you really liked it. [11,
p.617]
Bác Enno bảo thủa bé chị quấy lắm, không chịu cho bế nhưng khi ngài bế thì chị
lấy làm thích …
87. I hate to hear you talk like that, Ashley. [18, p.784]
¤i, Ashley, anh đừng nói thế.
88. He may go back and tell Miss Pinkerton that I hate her with all my soul.
[22, p.19]
Cho nó về thách bà Pinkerton rằng em ghét bà ấy nh−đào đất đổ đi.
89. I hate them. I hate them all. [22, p.45]
Tôi thù oán họ, tôi ghét tất cả họ
90. And she hated you about especially about Stuart Tarleton. [27, p.807]
Cô ta đặc biệt căm ghét em về chuyện của Stuart Tarleton.
91. I hated, I despised her. [25, p.86]
Em rất ghét, rất khinh bà ta.
92. I hated him the moment I laid eyes on him [3, p.17]
Mới thoạt nhìn chị đã căm ghét lão ta.
93. I hate her. [8, p.208]
T«i thËm ghÐt bµ ta.
94. I hate to trouble you. [54, p.808]
T«i rÊt kh«ng muèn lµm phiÒn anh.
95. I would hate you to think I didn’t care? [56, p.808]
Tôi sẽ rất tiếc nếu anh nghĩ là tôi đã không quan tâm
96. Never fear, everything will be all right. [66, p. 636]
62
Đừng sợ, rồi mọi việc sẽ ổn cả thôi.
97. if she had not feared her father’s loudly bawled questions, she would have
Và nếu không ngại những câu hỏi sang sảng của cha, chắc nàng đã chuồn ra ngoài.
98. I fear for her safe in this weather. [17, p.636]
99. I fear I shall be weather-bound for half an hour [23, p.14]
Tôi e thời tiết sẽ giữ chân tôi lại đây đến nửa giờ đồng hồ.
63

(LIKING) Syntactic and Semantic Features of The Liking Verb Group in English and Their Vietnamese Equivalents

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(LIKING) Syntactic and Semantic Features of The Liking Verb Group in English and Their Vietnamese Equivalents

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY

PHAN THỊ THÙY NINH

SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE

PHAN THỊ THÙY NINH

SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE

Field: English Language

Phan Thi Thuy Ninh

Phan Văn Quế

She likes expensive present. (SVO)

Furthermore, Quirk et al (1985:754) gives the semantic functions of the

Fred likes the proposal.

4.1 Syntactic features of Liking verb group in English

I really admire your enthusiasm.

You aren’t going to like me angry.

They all enjoy themselves at the party.

The subject in this group is also normally a pronoun.

4.1.2.2.2 Syntactic feature of ENJOY

I shall enjoy your campaign intensively. [11, p.730]

They admires our garden. [30, p.55]

All his employees fear him.

I feared Emmie would die too. [6, p.54]

4.2.3 Semantic features of LOVE

4.2.4 Semantic features of PREFER

4.2.5 Semantic features of ADMIRE

If you don’t do it now, you’ll only regret it.

I regret having to tell a lady such a thing. [17, p.687]

4.2.7 Semantic features of DISLIKE

4.2.8 Semantic features of HATE

4.2.9 Semantic features of FEAR

All his employees fear him.

I fear for her safe in this weather. [17, p.636]

They are unlikely to get here on time, I fear.

I had always enjoyed swimming. [28, p.64]

I regret having to tell a lady such a thing. [17, p.687]

You dislike me . [14, p.156]

I feared Emmie would die too. [6, p.54]

1. I like looking at geniuses, and listening to beautiful people. [9, p.56]

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