2.

Winding
2.5Pirn Winders

Pirns are the yarn packages used within the shuttle to supply the yarns for pick insertion during
dimension of the shuttle is restricted by the shed geometry and the strain imposed on the warp
shedding operation. The dimension of the pirn is governed by the dimension of the shuttle. Thus
a long and thin package. In contrast to cone winding, where the supply packages (ringframe bob
the delivery packages are big, the supply packages are bigger than the delivery package (pirn) i
the yarns are already been cleaned from slubs and other objectionable faults, no yarn clearing o
required in pirn winding.

The winding principle of pirn is different than that of cones and cheeses. If a cross-wound packag
there will be lot of tension variation during weaving. On the other hand, the parallel would packa
problem of instability. Therefore, pirns are made by overlapping short, conical and cross-wound
in Figure 2.20.

Figure 2.20: Stages of pirn winding

The base of the empty pirn is generally conical. The pirn winding starts from the conical base an
proceeds towards the tip of the pirn. The distance travelled in one stroke of traverse is known as
One layer of coils are laid on the conical base during the forward and as well as duirng the return
traverse meachanism. Thus the conicity of the package is maintained and thus the tip of the con
coils of yarn slowly proceeds towrds the tip of the pirn. The process can be visualised as if one p
cone sahpe) is placed over another and the process is continued to build a tall cylindrical column
in Figure 2.21. For the ease of visibility, large gaps has been maintained between two cones of
seems that the overlapping between two layers of coils is very low which is actually not true..

Figure 2.21: Building of a pirn

Pirns may generally be described in the following categories or types (

 Plain tapered pirn

 Pirn with partly formed (half) base
 Pirn with full base
 Figure 2.22: Plain, half base and full base pirns

If the full and empty pirn diameter is D and d respectively,

following expression can be written.

The chase angle depends on the type of yarn. For spun yarns the chase angle could be as high a
for filament yarns with low friction, it could be as low as 6-10°.

Conditions for Uniform Package (Cheese) Building

Uniform building of package is imperative in winding process. The package should have very uni
the following part, the conditions for uniform building of cheese have been derived based on the
assumption.
Assumption: Length of yarn wound per unit surface area of the package should be co
uniform building of package.

The path of yarn on a cylindrical cheese has been shown in

Figure 2.23: Uniform building of cheese

So, must be kept const for uniform building of the cheese.

Drum-driven winder
For drum-driven winders with grooved drums, θ remains constant during package building. Ther
reduced with the increase in package diameter d to attain uniform building. This has been shown

Figure 2.24: Package diameter

Comments

For drum-driven winder, θ is constant provided the ratio of

V constant theoretically, which is possible if traversing mechanism is separate from groove drum
s

reduce and Cosθ will increase. So, V has to be reduced in such a manner that the product of
t

proportionately with 1/d.

Spindle-driven winder
 Comments

In spindle-driven machine, θ reduces (even when V is constant) as package diameter (

t

reduced accordingly as reducing V will have further bearing on

t

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2. Winding

2.2Classification of Winding Principles

Primarily there are two types of winding principles as given below.

 Drum-driven or random winders

 Spindle-driven or precision winders

In drum-driven wider, the package is driven by a cylinder by surface or frictional contact as shown in
yarn is given either by the grooves cut on the drum as shown at the bottom of
of grooved drum, the drum performs the dual functions of rotating the package by surface contact a
(Figure 2.6a). However, when plain drums are used, it just rotates the package and traverse is per
guide (Figure 2.6b).
 Figure 2.5: Drum-driven winder and grooved drum

Figure 2.6: Types of drum-driven winder (a: grooved drum, b: pl

In spindle-driven winder, the package is mounted on a spindle which is driven positively by a gear s
spindle is constant then the surface speed of the package will increase with the increase in package
principle wise there could be two types of spindle-driven winders (

 Constant r.p.m. spindle winders

 Variable r.p.m. spindle winders

In case of the latter, the spindle r.p.m. is reduced with the increase in package diameter in such a m
speed remains constant.

Spindle-driven winders are also known as precision winders as a precise ratio is maintained between
r.p.m. of traversing mechanism. This leads to maintaining a precise distance between adjacent coils
precision winders thus permit precise laying of coils on package and hence its name . Precision wind
of traverse ratio during package building. Precision winders are preferred for winding delicate yarns
rotated by the surface contact and therefore the possibility of yarn damage due to abrasion is lower
surface driven winders

Figure 2.7: Spindle-driven winders

Drum-driven Winders
Let us consider that the diameters of the driving drum and package are
and package are N and n respectively. D is constant whereas d increases with time due to the buildi
(formation of layers of coils). If there is no slippage between the drum and the package then the sur
package will always be same. So, N×D = n×d. The drum r.p.m. N
thus nreduces with time.

Figure 2.8: Principles of drum-driven winder

As the drum r.p.m. N is constant, for drum-driven winder, traverse speed and surface speed are also
gives constant angle of wind and winding speed.

Let, L is the length of the drum and package.

So, in drum-driven winder, angle of wind remains constant with the increase in package

Now, if the package r.p.m. is n, same (n) number of coils (wind) will be laid on the package in every
revolution of package creates one coil or wind on the package.

So, in drum-driven winder, traverse ratio reduces with the increase in package diameter

As S and D are constant for a given drum, the traverse ratio decreases as the package diameter (
This leads to a ‘patterning’ problem in case of drum-driven winder.
 Figure 2.9: Package diameter vs traverse/ wind ratio

It is evident from the above expression that the winding speed remains constant during
of drum-driven winder.

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