FOURIERSERIES

EEEIELEEEIE.gsfunct ons as a sum of s ne and cos netermsSucharepresentat on

s
Candescr befunct ons that are notcont nuouseverywhere andd fferent able

su
E ancosenxstbns n EEE.EE
fEE5a
Subst tut on of 2KTL

Generally the nterval x̅ x̅ s chosen

90 Wdx
x̅
an 4 cosluxdx n 1,2 ___ bu f s n nx dx n 1,2 ___

do an and bn are calledFour er coeff c ents

DIRICHLET CONDITIONS

Tüfü fügü
Musthave
akürüldüont nuous
exceptf n tenumberof d scont nu t es
number max ma andm n ma w th n a
onlyf n te of per od
v Integralover one per od of If ll must converge

422Şeffefff apo ntoff n ted scont nu ty ol at th spo nt theFour erSer es con

Guo flats f o f

DERIVATION OFFOURIERCOEFFICIENTS

Mult plythe ma nform

by cos mx for an and s n Mx forbn andthen ntegrate nETTI
x̅
For 9
711cos mxldx E fjoscmxsdxtfycosl.mx EIancoslmxIdxtfoslmxffpns ncnxfd
anfoslmxlcoslnxlddtEIbnfcoslmxls. nlax d
G fcoscmxld. t
1
2ⁿᵈterm 3ʳᵈterm
In th s equat on f we take m 0 and n 1,2 then 2ⁿᵈand 3ʳᵈtermsw llbezero
Therefore
coslojdx azfcosloldx fflxldx ag.IT Fxdx
 Eosewcoscmxtdx IEYE.my
syada
Es ncnxls nlmxldx IEFEMmms

Eos nxdx
E.IE
If nuxde 0

Iş nnx cos Mxdx 0

Jn Equat on 1 f we take and 1 2,3 ___then 1ˢᵗ and 3ʳᵈterms are zero
Then
x̅ MI
f 4 cos Mx de am cos Mx cos Mx dx am51

nEE summat on
Thus an fFxlcoscnxld. s

In obta n ngtheFour ercoeff c ents we assumed that f 6 scont nuous n 5151

thenthecoeff c ents are
If not

dxtffflxld an
ffflxlcoslnxldxtE.FIcos nxdx

bu Efflxls nlnxldxtE.f6 s nCnxdx

Moreoverthecoeff c ents can be rewr ttenaccord ng to
f x sbe ng even or odd
If f 6 s even f fC
E dx 0 an Cosa
Then f
an E cosluxdx 0

bu s n ux dx 0
 If flex sodd fx f
 dx 0 bus nce
Then f
coslnxtdx
an

E bn
fflxls nlnxldxt eFF.nl
theFour erSer es of thefunct on f 6 wh ch s def ned n
n the nterval 511 and has theproperty
flxtztl
flxl my
k

_da cont n ous

S nce f x s an ODDfunct on 90 0 an 0 and bu 0

5
bu fflxls ncuxldxtffflxls nlnxldx fftkls nlnxld. e kes nLuxdx

coscnxf.f ftcoscnxIf EEd cos n I Ecosns lqlo

EE E1
Ifn s even cos na 1 bu o
If n s odd cos nsı 1 bu 4
 4 4 sn31
Therefore theFour erSer es s f4 sx 4 s nk ___

Four erSer essquare wave graph

FI nd theFour erSer esoff x x forthe nterval II f x 251 f x

n .V.VN

351 251 51 5 251 351

If f x s EVEN then ben 0

a
f dx dx 55
an fzf coscnxldx ffyfcosudy f.at u2cosudu

Ü dx us nu FF fcosud
ffzlus nutzucosu 2s .nu
E x's n n znxcoslnxlf 2 sneux

m s ncnxl otanacoscnxlto s.s na 0

E 3Ens coslna1 z an 4 111

Therefore f 1 coscnx

f4 4 1 coslux

CHANGEOFINTERVAL
If f x sper od cw th a per od 22 we
may wr te
f E lands E bas n
Here an f1x cos F de bu
EIA sn E de a 1,23