Permutation and Combinations

Permutation
&
Combination
1
2
Fundamental Principal of counting
• Rule of product : If there are ‘m’ ways to do a
process and there are ‘n’ ways to do another,
then total number of ways of doing both
process is given by ‘m x n’
3
• If there are 3 shirts and 2 pants then in how many
ways a person can dress up for a seminar?
P1 P1 P1
S1 S2 S3
P2 P2 P2
Directly, Total ways = 3 * 2 = 6 ways
4
• Rule of addition : If there are ‘m’ ways to do a
process and there are ‘n’ ways to do another and
we can not do both at the same time, then there
are ‘m + n’ ways to choose one of the actions.
5
• If there are 3 formal shoes and 2 casual shoes
then in how many ways we can choose a
footwear for a party.
F1, F2, F3, C1, C2
F1 or F2 or F3 or C1 or C2
Total ways = 3 + 2 = 5 ways
6
Question: Let us assume you have 3 shirts, 4
pants, 3 shoes and 2 sandals to wear. Find in
how many ways you can decide an outfit.
1. Shirt – Pants – Shoes

2. Shirt – Pants – Sandal
(3x4x3) + (3x4x2) = 60
7
Note : Multiplication ------- “ AND” (Stages)
Addition------------- “ OR” (Choice)
8
Difference between
Permutation and Combination
Permutation : Arrangement
: Order matters
Combination : Selection
: Order doesn’t matters
9
10
Q; In a class, there are 15 boys and 10 girls. The teacher wants to select one boy
and one girl, so as to represent the class in a function. In how many ways can the
teacher make the selection?
11
You are buying a new car.
There are 2 body styles: Sedan or Hatchback
There are 5 colors available:
There are 3 models: •GL (standard model),

•SS (sports model with
bigger engine)
•SL (luxury model with
leather seats)
How many total choices?
Total Choices = 2 × 5 × 3 = 30
12
Practice Question
1. In how many ways can we select a team of 4
players out of 15 eligible players.
[A] 1365
[B] 1455
[C] 1295
[D] 1525
13
2. In a class there are 6 boys and 5 girls. In how
many ways can a group of 5 members to be formed
by selecting 3 boys and 2 girls.
[A] 350
[B] 300
[C] 250
[D] 200
14
3. In how many ways 3 VIPs can be seated in 3 seats
of first row of a function.
[A] 3
[B] 4
[C] 5
[D] 6
15
Note : Number of ways of arranging ‘n’
different items in a row = n !
In previous question,
3 x 2 x 1 = 3! = 6 ways
16
4. In how many ways 5 medals of different games
can be arranged in a shelf.
[A] 100
[B] 110
[C] 120
[D] 150
17
5. Suppose you have to choose a 3 letter password.
First letter is an alphabet, followed by a number and
last one is an special character. There are 5 special
character available. Find no. of ways to choose
password.
[A] 1170
[B] 1200
[C] 1300
[D] 1560
18
Problems on Numbers
6. How many 2 digit numbers can be made from the

digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 without repetition?
[A] 24
[B] 18
[C] 12
[D] 6
19
7. How many 4 digit numbers are possible with the
digits 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 without repetition?
[A] 720
[B] 480
[C] 840
[D] 320
20
8. How many 4 digit numbers are possible with the
digits 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 if repetition is allowed?
[A] 2401
[B] 820
[C] 343
[D] 729
21
9. How many 4 digit numbers can be made from the
digits 7, 8, 5, 0, and 4 without repetition?
[A] 70
[B] 96
[C] 84
[D] 48
22
10. How many 3 digit numbers greater than 400 can
be made with the digits 2, 3, 4, 0, 5, 6 (digits cannot
be repeated)?
[A] 119
[B] 59
[C] 120
[D] 60
23
11. How many 3 digit numbers between 200 and 700
can be made with the digits 1, 3, 4, 0, 5, 6 (digits
cannot be repeated) ?
[A] 80
[B] 120
[C] 60
[D] None of these
24
12. How many 3 digit number can be formed with
the digits 5, 6, 2, 3, 7 and 9 which are divisible by 5
and none of its digit is repeated?
[A] 12
[B] 16
[C] 20
[D] 24
25
13. How many 4 digit number can be formed with
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 which are divisible by 5
and none of its digit is repeated?
[A] 120
[B] 100
[C] 220
[D] 320
26
14. How many 4 digit odd number can be formed
with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if none of its digit is
repeated?
[A] 120
[B] 100
[C] 220
[D] 300
27
15. How many 4 digit even number can be formed
with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if none of its digit is
repeated?
[A] 120
[B] 420
[C] 220
[D] 200
28
16. Find the no of 3 digit numbers such that at least
one of the digit is 6 (with repetitions)?
[A] 252
[B] 345
[C] 648
[D] 560
29
Problems on Words:
17. In How many different ways the letters of the

word EQUATION can be arranged ?
[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 9!
[D] 6!
30
word EQUATION can be arranged, if it starts with
letter Q ?
[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 9!
[D] 6!
31
word EQUATION can be arranged, if it starts with
consonants?
[A] 7!
[B] 8!
[C] 2*7!
[D] 3*7!
32
20. In How many ways the word OPTICAL be
arranged such that all vowels are together?
[A] 720
[B] 820
[C] 2160
[D] 1000
33
21. In How many ways the word OPTICAL be
arranged such that all vowels are never together?
[A] 720
[B] 1000
[C] 2160
[D] 4320
34
22. In How many ways the word MANPOWER be
arranged such that all vowels are together?
[A] 3! 6!
[B] 2! 7!
[C] 3! 5!
[D] 4! 4!
35
23. In How many ways letters of word PRAISE be
arranged such that all consonants are together?
[A] 3! 4!
[B] 4! 4!
[C] 3! 5!
[D] 4! 5!
36
24. In How many ways letters of word PREVIOUS
be arranged such that all vowels always come
together?
[A] 1440
[B] 2880
[C] 4320
[D] 840
37
25. In how many ways can the letters of word
FLEECED be arranged?
[A] 410
[B] 880
[C] 840
[D] 1260
38
26. Find the total arrangement of the letters of the
word “MISSISSIPPI?
[A] 34650
[B] 32540
[C] 28450
[D] 24560
39
27. In how many different ways can the letter of the
word “ELEPHANT” be arranged so that E’s are
never together?
[A] 5040
[B] 15120
[C] 20160
[D] 35280
40
28. Find the total arrangement of the letters of the
word “INVISIBILITY” such that all ‘I’ always come
together.
[A] 8!
[B] 8!*5!
[C] 8!*5
[D] 7!*5!
41
29. In how many ways can the letters of the word
“MACHINE” be arranged so that the vowels may
occupy only odd positions?
[A] 4*7!
[B] 576
[C] 288
[D] 4 * 4!
42
30. Find the rank of the word “CHASM” if all the
words can be formed by permuting the letters of this
word without repetition are arranged in dictionary
order.
[A] 24
[B] 31
[C] 32
[D] 30
43
31. Find the rank of the word “JAIPUR” if all the
order.
[A] 241
[B] 122
[C] 123
[D] 242
44
31. Find the rank of the word “INDIA” if all the
order.
[A] 41
[B] 42
[C] 45
[D] 46
45
32. Find the rank of the word “GOOGLE” if all the
order.
[A] 78
[B] 84
[C] 85
[D] 88
46
Problems on Combination (Group
Formation)
33. In how many ways a group of 4 men and 3
women be made out of a total of 8 men and 5
women?
[A] 720
[B] 700
[C] 120
[D] 360
47
34. There are 8 men and 7 women. In how many
ways a group of 5 people can be made such that the
particular woman is always to be included?
[A] 860
[B] 1262
[C] 1001
[D] 1768
48
35. There are 4 men and 3 women. In how many
ways a group of three people can be formed such
that there is at least 1 women in the group.
[A] 40
[B] 20
[C] 34
[D] 31
49
36. In a group of 6 boys and 5 girls, 5 students have
to be selected. In how many ways it can be done so
that at least 2 boys are included.
[A] 124
[B] 526
[C] 154
[D] 431
50
37. A box contains ten balls out of which 3 are red
and rest blue. In how many ways can a random
sample of six balls be drawn so that at most 2 red
balls are included.
[A] 105
[B] 189
[C] 168
[D] 175
51
38. In a party there are 12 persons. How many
handshakes are possible if every person handshake
with every other person?
[A] 66
[B] 24
[C] 72
[D] 68
52
Circular arrangements
n distinct objects --------- Linear---------n!
n distinct objects---------- Circular----- (n-1)!
Note: In circle there is symmetry and hence there is

no starting and end point, so when we need to
arrange n distinct objects around a circle 1st object
will break the symmetry ( specify the position) and it
can be done in 1 way and rest (n-1) objects can be
arranged in (n-1)! Ways
Circular arrangement of n objects= 1 x (n-1)!= (n-1)!
53
If there is a difference between Clockwise and anti-
Clockwise arrangement , and if
1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects

then = nPr/r
2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =nPn/n

= n!/n = (n-1)!
54
If there is no difference between Clockwise and
anti-Clockwise arrangement ( like in case of
Garlands, Bead and Necklace etc.) , and if
1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects

then = nPr/2r
2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =

nPn/2n = n!/2n = (n-1)!/2
55
39. In how many ways 5 Americans and 5 Indians be
seated along a circular table, so that they occupy
alternative positions
[A] 5! 5!
[B] 6! 4!
[C] 4! 5!
[D] 4! 4!
56
40. A meeting of 20 delegates is to be held in a hotel.
In how many ways these delegates can be seated
around a circular table if 3 particular delegates
always seat together.
[A] 17! 3!
[B] 18! 3!
[C] 17! 4!
[D] None
57
41. How many triangles can be formed by joining the
vertices of hexagon?
[A] 20
[B] 12
[C] 24
[D] 10
58
42. How many diagonals can be formed by joining
the vertices of hexagon?
[A] 10
[B] 12
[C] 9
[D] 8
59
PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION
1. The number of four–digit telephone numbers having at least one of their digits
repeated is
A) 9,000
B) 1,00,00
C) 3,240
D) 4960
Correct option: d
60
2. How many numbers of four digits greater than 2,400 can be formed with digits 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5 & 6; no digit being repeated in any number?
A) 140
B) 480
C) 540
D) 1120
Correct option: c
How many numbers of four digit greater than 2300 can be formed with digits 0, 1, 2,
3, 4, 5and 6 no digit being repeated in any number ?
Case 1:
When 2 occurs at thousands place:
The thousands place can be filled up by 2 in 1 way

The hundreds place can be filled up by any of the numbers 3,4,5,6 in 4 ways.
So the remaining two places can be filledup in ways.
Therefore the total numbers formed inthis case = 1 x 4 x = 80
Case 2:
When 3,4,5, or 6 occurs at thousands place.
The thousands place can be filled in 4 different ways
So the remaining three places can be filledup in 6P3 ways.
Therefore the total numbers formed inthis case = 4 x 6P3 = 480
Therefore, the required number = 80 +480 = 560
61
3. How many even numbers of four digits can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6 and 7; no digit being used more than once?
A) 400
B) 420
C) 750
D) 210
Correct option: c
62
4. Find the sum of all the 4 digit numbers that can be formed with the digits 3, 4, 5 and
6
A) 119988
B) 11988
C) 191988
D) None of these
Correct option: a
1. Sum of all the numbers which can be formed by using the n digits without
repe on is: (n−1)!∗(sum of the digits)∗(111... n times)
2. Sum of all the numbers which can be formed by using the n digits (repetition being
allowed) is: n−1∗(sum of the digits)∗(111... n times)"
63
5. Find the sum of all the 4 digit numbers that can be formed with the digits 3, 4, 4 and
2.
A) 43339
B) 43999
C) 43329
D) None of these
Correct option: c
64
6. How many different words can be formed with the letters of the word ‘FAMILY’ when
vowels occupy even places?
A) 18
B) 36
C) 72
D) 144
Correct option: d
65
7. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘BANKING’ be arranged so
that the vowels always come together?
(A) 220
(B) 260
(C) 450
(D) 720
Correct option: d
66
8. In how many ways can you rearrange the word ‘JUMBLE’ such that the rearranged
word starts with a vowel?
A) 120
B) 240
C) 360
D) 60
Correct option: 2
67
9. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’ be arranged
so that the vowels always come together?
(A) 20080
(B) 4985895
(C) 120960
(D) None of these
Correct option: c
68
10. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘RUMOUR’ be arranged?
(A) 180
(B) 360
(C) 540
(D) 620
Correct option: a
69
11. How many words can be formed from the letters of the word ‘SIGNATURE’ so that
the vowels always come together?
(A) 750
(B) 1450
(C) 2880
(D) 17280
Correct option: d
70
12. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘LEADING’ be arranged in
such a way that the vowels always come together?
(A) 180
(B) 360
(C) 720
(D) 5045
Correct option: c
71
13. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘AUCTION’ be arranged in
such a way that the vowels do not come together?
(A) 4464
(B) 5547
(C) 1650
(D) 5765
Correct option: A
72
14. In how many different ways can the letters of the word ‘CORPORATION’ be arranged
so that the vowels always come together?
(A) 850
(B) 940
(C) 2985
(D) 50400
Correct option: d
73
15. There are 20 books of which 4 are single volume and the other are books of 8, 2
and 6 volumes respectively. In how many ways can all these books be arranged on a
shelf so that volumes of the same book are not separated?
A) 2!3!4!5!
B) 3!4!5!6!
C) 4!5!6!7!
D) 8! 7! 6! 2!
Correct option: d
We know that the same work should not be separated,
so lets consider the 8,5 and 3 volumes as 1 unit each and 4 volumes as 4 units
so,
we have 7 units that means 7! ways to arrange.
Each of these 8,5 and 3 volumes can be arranged either in ascending or descending
order.=2×2×2
so total =7!×2×2×2
=40320 ways
74
16. A round table conference is to be held among 25 delegates from 25 countries. In
how many ways can they be seated if two particular delegates are always to sit
together?
A) 23!
B) 2! ×23!
C) 3! ×23!
D) None of these
Correct option: B
75
17. Nine chairs are numbered 1 to 9. Three women and four men wish to occupy one
chair each. First the women chose the chairs from amongst the chair marked 1 to 5;
and then the men select the chairs from amongst the remaining. The number of
possible arrangements is
A) 5C3 × 4C2
B) 5C2 × 4P3
C) 5C3 × 6C4
D) None of these
Correct option: C
76
18. Out of 7 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and 2 vowels
can be formed?
(A) 320
(B) 450
(C) 25200
(D) 15920
Correct option: c
77
19. A gentleman has 5 friends to invite. In how many ways can he send invitation
cards to them if he has four servants to carry the cards?
A) 16
B) 64
C) 1024
D) 1458
Correct option: C
78
20. In how many ways can 5 boys and 4 girls be seated in a row, so that they
alternate?
A) 5!
B) 5!×2!
C) 4!×5!
D) None of these
Correct option: C
79
21. In how many ways can 5 boys and 5 girls can be seated in a row so that boys and
girls are placed alternately?
A) 5!
B) 5!×2!
C) 2×5! × 5!
D) None of these
Correct option: C
80
22. In how many ways can a group of 5 men and 2 women be made out of a total of 7
men and 3 women?
(A) 63
(B) 98
(C) 65
(D) 57
Correct option: a
81
23. In a cricket championship, there are 21 matches. If each team plays one match
with every other team, the number of teams is
A) 7
B) 9
C) 10
D) None of these
Correct option:A
82
24. In an examination, a candidate is required to pass all five different subjects. The
number of ways he can fail is:
A) 32
B) 31
C) 30
D) 29
Correct option :B
the candidate can fail by falling in 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 subject out 5 in each case.
so ,
total number of ways in which he can fail.
5^ c 1 + 5^c 2 + 5^c3 + 5^c4 + 5^c5
5^c1 + 5^c2 + 5^c2 + 5^c1 + 5^c5 { n^C r = nCn - r}
= ( 5 + 10 + 10 + 5 +1)
= 31
83
25. The letter of the word LABOUR are permuted in all possible ways and the words
thus formed are arranged as in a dictionary. What is the rank of the word LABOUR?
(A) 249
(B) 280
(C) 242
(D) None of these
Correct option: c
84
26 If all the letters of the word 'PRIME' are arranged in all possible ways and written
out in alphabetical(dictionary) order, then find the rank of the given word.?
(A) 96
(B) 94
(C) 84
(D) 93
Correct option: b
85
27. In a birthday party, every person shakes hand with every other person. If there was
a total of 28 handshakes in the party, how many persons were present in the party?
(A) 8
(B) 9
(C) 6
(D) 7
Correct option: A
86
28. The greatest number of diagonals that can be drawn from one vertex of a regular 8-
sided polygon is
A) 20
B) 25
C) 18
D) 22
Correct option: A
The number of diagonals that can be drawn from one vertex of a regular n-sided
polygon is (n - 3)
That formula underlies the formula for the total number of diagonals for a regular n-
sided polygon : n(n−3)2
87
29. The number of straight lines that can be drawn out of 12 points of which 8 are
collinear is
A) 39
B)29
C) 9
D) 59
Correct option: A
88
30. Given 6 line segments of lengths 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 units. Then the number of
triangles that can be formed by joining these lines is
A) 6C3
B) 6C3 - 7
C) 6C3 - 5
D) 6C3 - 1
Correct option: B
Given lengths of line segments are 2,3,4,5,6,7,The number ways of selecting 3 lengths from them is 6C3,
Consider the cases in which a triangle is not formed,
i.e., when any one of these two conditions is not satisfied,
1)sum of any two lengths is greater than the third length
2)difference between any two lengths is smaller than the third one,
Now,
number of such cases are
2,3,5
2,3,6
2,3,7
2,4,6
2,4,7
2,5,7
3,4,7
∴ the total number of ways are 6C3−7
89

Permutation and Combinations

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Permutation and Combinations

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Permutation

Directly, Total ways = 3 * 2 = 6 ways

F1, F2, F3, C1, C2

Total ways = 3 + 2 = 5 ways

1. Shirt – Pants – Shoes

Addition------------- “ OR” (Choice)

There are 2 body styles: Sedan or Hatchback

There are 5 colors available:

There are 3 models: •GL (standard model),

How many total choices?

6. How many 2 digit numbers can be made from the

17. In How many different ways the letters of the

Note: In circle there is symmetry and hence there is

Circular arrangement of n objects= 1 x (n-1)!= (n-1)!

1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects

2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =nPn/n

1. We need to arrange r objects out of n objects

2. We need to arrange all n distinct objects =

The thousands place can be filled up by 2 in 1 way

Therefore, the required number = 80 +480 = 560

the candidate can fail by falling in 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 subject out 5 in each case.

total number of ways in which he can fail.

5^ c 1 + 5^c 2 + 5^c3 + 5^c4 + 5^c5

5^c1 + 5^c2 + 5^c2 + 5^c1 + 5^c5 { n^C r = nCn - r}

You might also like