UNIVERSITY OF THE CORDILLERAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE

MECH 2 - DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES

MODULE 3: KINETICS OF PARTICLES

UNIT 3: IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM

INSTRUCTOR:

Ryan Paul D. Bolide, CE

 UNIT LEARNING OUTCOMES
In this unit, here are the following desired learning outcomes:
✘ Develop principles that relates impulse with momentum
✘ Solve for the quantities: force, mass, acceleration, velocity,
displacement and time in impulse-momentum kinetic problems
✘ Understand the concept of Conservation of Momentum

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 Momentum
Momentum is the measure of mass in a motion. It is equivalent to the product of mass and
velocity of a body in motion.(kg∙m/s, slugs∙ft/s, etc.)

𝒑 = 𝒎𝒗
Where:
𝑝 = 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑚 = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦
v = 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

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 Impulse
Impulse is the change in momentum due to an external force. (kg∙m/s, slugs∙ft/s, etc.)

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 Impulse-Momentum Equation

from: ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑡 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑣
𝒕𝒇
𝒎𝒗𝒇 = 𝒎𝒗𝒐 + 𝑭𝒅𝒕
𝒕𝒐
“The final momentum of body in motion is equal to the initial momentum plus the impulse
caused by an outside force”

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 Conservation of Momentum

𝑚𝑣 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝐹𝑑𝑡

“When the resultant force 𝐹 is equal to zero, the impulse ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑡 will also be zero.
Therefore, the velocity of the body in motion will remain constant for the duration and it will
not accelerate leaving the final momentum 𝑣 to be equal with the initial momentum 𝑣 .
This confirms with the Newton’s first law of motion.”

𝒎𝒗𝒇 = 𝒎𝒗𝒐

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 Examples
Example 1: Determine the magnitude of the force acting on a highway bumper when a 5000-lb car traveling at 60mph crashes
against it. The time it takes before the car is brought to rest is 0.30 seconds.

𝑣 = 60 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝐷𝑂𝑀

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 Examples
Example 2: A pitcher throws a fast ball that is moving at a speed of 90mph. The batter hits the ball in the direction shown. The ball
leaves the bat at a speed of 175mph. If the bat and the ball are in contact for 0.020 seconds, determine the average
impulse force exerted on the ball by the batter during the impact. The ball weighs 0.25lbs.
𝑦

𝑣 = 175 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝑣 = 90 𝑚𝑝ℎ
35°
𝑥

𝐷𝑂𝑀
𝐹

𝐹 𝐹

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 Examples
Example 2: A pitcher throws a fast ball that is moving at a speed of 90mph. The batter hits the ball in the direction shown. The ball
leaves the bat at a speed of 175mph. If the bat and the ball are in contact for 0.020 seconds, determine the average
impulse force exerted on the ball by the batter during the impact. The ball weighs 0.25lbs.
𝑦

𝑣 = 175 𝑚𝑝ℎ

𝑣 = 90 𝑚𝑝ℎ
35°
𝑥

𝐷𝑂𝑀
𝐹

𝐹 𝐹

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 Let’s review some concepts

“Momentum is the “Impulse is the “When the external

measure of mass in a change in resultant force is zero,
motion. It is momentum due to the impulse is also zero
equivalent to the an external force.” leaving the initial and
product of mass and final momentum to be
velocity of a body in equal.”
motion.”

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 thanks!
Any questions?
rdbolide@uc-bcf.edu.ph

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 Credits
Special thanks to all the people who made and released
these awesome resources for free:
✘ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
✘ Photographs by Unsplash

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