SCIENCE 9

4th QUARTER
Module 3
Never Lose the Momentum

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https://www.sachemreport.com/2017/05/03/even t- riding-bicycle-silhouette_4645225.html
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Most Essential Learning Competencies

Relate impulse and momentum to collision of objects (e.g., vehicular collision). S9FE-IVb-36

Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal. S9FE-IVc-37

To the Learner

This module was specially designed to help you understand and apply the lesson
objectives. Read and follow the simple instructions as your guide.

1. Set a conducive learning space at home so you can focus on your studies.
2. Seek assistance from your parents or guardian to guide you in doing the activities.
3. Take down important concepts and list questions you would like to ask from your
teacher.
4. Reflect and apply the concepts that you have learned.

The Writers
Expectations
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. state the relationships between momentum and mass, and between momentum
and velocity of an object;
2. explain the Law of Conservation of momentum; and
3. relate force and time with impulse.

Pretest
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
blank provided for each number.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE when a hammer hits an iron nail?
A. The force that the hammer exerts on the nail is exactly the same as the
force the nail exerts on the hammer.
B. The force that the hammer exerts on the nail is greater than the force
the nail exerts on the hammer.
C. The force that the hammer exerts on the nail is lesser than the force the
nail exerts on the hammer.
D. There is no force exerted at all.

2. What is the product of an object’s mass and its velocity?

A. Acceleration B. Free-Fall C. Momentum D. Projectile

3. When a jeepney and a tricycle travelling at the same speed collides head-
on, which vehicle will undergo the greater change in velocity?
A. jeepney
B. tricycle
C. Both have the same change in velocity.
D. None of them

4. Which of the following has the largest momentum?

A. A pedicab crossing the street.
B. An e-bike parked in a parking lot.
C. A garbage truck travelling down the highway.
D. The Science building at your school.

5. What is the momentum of a 5000 kg jeepney traveling at a velocity of 50

m/seast?
A. 0,000 kg x m/s east
B. 250,000 kg x m/s east
C. 350,000 kg x m/s east
D. 450,000 kg x m/s east

Looking Back
Based on the previous lessons, let us recall the simple concepts you have learned
about projectile and free-falling bodies.

Directions. Read and analyze each item carefully. If the statement is true write BOOM
but if the statement is false, write BANG.

1. A freely falling body is a body moving under the influence of gravity

alone.

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 2. When there is air resistance, both the ball and the feather will drop at
the same time.
3. An object at rest has a velocity equal to zero.
4. When you throw something upward, it will always go down.
5. When two bodies interact, they exert equal and opposite forces on
each other.

Introduction
Newton recognized the importance of a quantity other than force to describe
the behavior of moving bodies. Both the mass and the velocity of a moving body affect
the amount of force needed to change its motion. If the mass (m) is multiplied by the
velocity (v) of the body, one derives a product which Newton called “quantity of motion.
“This was later labeled momentum denoted as p.
p=m x v
Momentum can be defined as "mass in motion." All objects have mass; so, if an
object is moving, then it has momentum - it has its mass in motion.

Example:
A 40 kg girl riding an 8 kg bike, travels at a velocity of 5 m/s
east. Determine the momentum of the girl riding the bicycle.
Solution:
p = mv
= ( 40 kg + 8 kg ) (5 m/s)
Thus, p =360 kg ∙ m/s
The unit of momentum is 𝒌𝒈 ∙ 𝒎/𝒔.

Change of Momentum
Imagine a car with a mass of 1500 kg at a speed of 16 m/s. Its momentum is
24,000 kg ∙ m/s. If the car speeds up to 20 m/s, the car's momentum changes to 30,000
kg ∙ m/s. This shows that a body changes its momentum when it changes its velocity.
Since the mass of the car does not change, we can express the initial momentum of the
car as

𝑝𝑖 = 𝑚𝑣𝑖 where 𝑝𝑖= initial momentum

m = mass of the car
𝑣𝑖 = initial velocity

When the car sped up, its momentum changed. We can express the final
momentum of the car as

𝑝𝑓 = 𝑚𝑣𝑓 where 𝑝𝑓= final momentum

m = mass of the car
𝑣𝑓 = final velocity

To determine change in the momentum of the car, we simply subtract the final
momentum with the initial momentum

∆𝒑 = 𝒑𝒇 − 𝒑𝒊 or ∆𝒑= 𝒎𝒗𝒇 − 𝒎𝒗𝒊

We can also rewrite the second equation as ∆𝑝= (∆𝑣)

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Law of Conservation of Momentum

When two objects collide, the forces acting between the two are equal in
magnitude but in opposite direction. This is according to Newton’s Third Law of
Motion.

F1 = -F2
Same force but opposite direction

The black ball will exert force on the blue ball for a certain amount of time, and
vice versa. This means that the contact time between the two balls will be the same

t1 = t2
If we combine the force between two objects and their time of contact, we will
get the formula

𝐹1 ∙ 𝑡1 = −𝐹2 ∙ 𝑡2
Since force is equal to mass times the acceleration (F=ma) and acceleration is
∆𝑣
change in velocity over time (𝑎 = ), we can have the equations
𝑡

𝐹1 ∙ 𝑡1 = −𝐹2 ∙ 𝑡2
∆𝑣1 ∆𝑣2
𝑚1 𝑎1 ∙ 𝑡1 = −𝑚2 𝑎2 ∙ 𝑡2 𝑜𝑟 𝑚1 ∙ 𝑡1 = −𝑚2 ∙ 𝑡2
𝑡1 𝑡2

𝒎𝟏 ∙ ∆𝒗𝟏 = −𝒎𝟏 ∙ ∆𝒗𝟏

or

𝒑𝟏 = −𝒑𝟐
This means that during the collision, the momentum lost by the black ball was
gained by the blue ball, but its momentum change is in the opposite direction. Therefore,
momentum was neither destroyed nor created. It was only transferred and changed in
direction. The total momentum of the two balls (system) was conserved.

This illustration depicts the Law of Conservation of Momentum, which states that:

“For two or more bodies in an isolated system acting upon each other, their total
momentum remains constant unless an external force is applied. Therefore, momentum
can neither be created nor destroyed”.

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 Activity 1 LET’S GET MOVING

Objective: State the relationships between the momentum and mass, and
between the momentum and velocity of an object.
Directions: Compute for the momentum of the given vehicles and answer
the guide questions.
Guide Questions:

Constant Mass 1. What happens to the momentum

when all given objects have the
OBJECT P m v
same mass but different in
p = mv 100 kg 5 m/s E
= (100kg) (5m/s E) velocity?
=500 kg m/s E

https://www.fotosearch.com
/CSP501/k19764252/
100 kg 10 m/s E

2. Which tricycle has the greatest

momentum and why?
https://www.fotosearch.com
/CSP501/k19764252/

100 kg 15 m/s E

https://www.fotosearch.com
/CSP501/k19764252

Constant speed

v
OBJECT P m
p = mv 100 kg 11m/s E
= (100kg) (11m/s E)
= 1100 kg m/s E

https://www.fotosearch.com/CSP501/k19764252/

5000 kg 11 m/s E

https://www.pngegg.com/en/png-ywcoc

7500 kg 11 m/s E

https://creazilla.com/nodes/67553-bus-clipart

Guide Questions:

3. What happens to the momentum when objects have the same velocity but different
mass?

4. Rank the vehicles from the greatest to least momentum.

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 Activity 2 YOU AND I COLLIDE
Objective: Explain the Law of Conservation of Momentum.

A. Directions: Read and analyze the statement below then supply the correct data
before collision.

Consider both the motorcycle and the garbage truck as two parts of one system.
Since no outside forces act on the system, the momentum of the system before collision
equals the momentum of the system after collision.
BEFORE COLLISION
Motorcycle’s mass 181 kg
Motorcycle’s speed 16 m/s
Motorcycle’s momentum
Garbage truck’s mass 29,030 kg
Garbage truck’s speed 7 m/s
Garbage truck’s momentum
https://clipartstation.com/motorcycle-riding-clipart-10/
https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/garbage-truck Total Momentum

B. Directions: Study the illustration below then answer the questions that follow.

https://clipartstation.com/motorcycle-riding-clipart-10/
https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/garbage-truck

AFTER COLLISION

1. What happens with the speed of the motorcycle after collision?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What happens with the speed of the garbage truck after collision?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the total mass of the two vehicles after collision?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the total momentum of the two vehicles after collision?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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 STAYING SAFE ON THE ROAD

Directions: Write SAFE TRIP if you should practice the following remarks
and if notwrite IMPULSIVE.

1. Never drink and drive.

2. Drive at the speed limit.
3. Driving a car requires your full attention.
4. Daydreaming at a stoplight after it turns green.
5. Keep some distance between you and the car ahead of you.
6. Always wear your seat belt and insist that your passengers do.
7. Driving in the breakdown lane to pass a long line of stopped traffic.
8. Blocking the passing lane for more than a reasonable amount of time.
9. Using your turn signals before turning a corner or switching lanes is a must.
10. Developing patience and practicing defensive driving will make you a
safer andmore courteous driver.

Remember
▪ Moving objects possess momentum equal to the product of its mass and velocity.
▪ Objects that are not moving do not have momentum.
▪ The direction of momentum of the object is always the same as the
direction of its velocity.
▪ Momentum is directly proportional to the mass and velocity of a moving body.
▪ The momentum of an object can be changed or transferred to another
object during: a) inelastic collision; b) elastic collision; and c) explosion.
▪ In the absence of external forces, the total momentum of two or more,
colliding or exploding objects is always conserved. That is the total
momentum of all objects before and after inelastic collision, elastic
collision, and explosion, is always the same.
▪ Impulse is directly proportional to the force and time.

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 Posttest
Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully. Write the letter of the correct
answer on the blank provided for each number.

1. Which of the following statements is true when a baseball bat hits a ball?
A. The force that the baseball bat exerts on the ball is exactly the same as the
force the ball exerts on the baseball bat.
B. The force that the baseball bat exerts on the ball is greater than the force
the ball exerts on the baseball bat.
C. The force that the baseball bat exerts on the ball is lesser than the force the
ball exerts on the baseball bat.
D. There is no force exerted at all.

2. What are the two factors that affect the momentum of an object?
A. Velocity and time C. Force and velocity
B. mass and velocity D. acceleration and force

3. When a truck and motorcycle travelling at the same speed collides head-on,
which vehicle will undergo the greater change in velocity?
A. motorcycle C. Both have the same change in velocity.
B. truck D. None of them

4. Which of the following has the least momentum?

A. A pedicab crossing the street
B. An e-bike parked in a parking lot
C. The Science building at your school
D. A garbage truck travelling down the highway

5. What is the momentum of a 7000 kg jeepney traveling at a velocity of 35 m/s

east?
A. 5,000 kg x m/s east C. 345,000 kg x m/s east
B. 245,000 kg x m/s east D. 445,000 kg x m/s east

Reflection RIDING ON MOMENTUM

Directions: Imagine yourself as an engineer or an architect. Design an architectural

ride that can be placed in an amusement park such as Star City that purposely
illustrates the Law of Conservation of Momentum. Draw it on your answer sheet.