The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority

Wetlands Ecosystems Coverage,Status and Threats in the

Abbay River Basin

Conducted By:
Getnet Hunegnaw
Habib Mengesha
Alemante Aimro
Biazin Ferede
Abbay Basin Authority
December, 2013
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. iv
List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. v
Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... vi
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ vii
Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Objectives of the assessment.......................................................................................... 3
1.3 Scope of the assessment ................................................................................................. 3
2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1 Wetlands in the world ........................................................................................................ 4
2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia ......................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin ........................................................................................... 8
2.4 Classification of wetlands ............................................................................................... 10
2.5 Functions of wetlands ..................................................................................................... 12
2.5.1 Wetland economic values ..................................................................................................... 13
3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Description of Assessment Areas ................................................................................. 15
3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods ........................................................................ 17
4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion ..................................................................... 17
4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin ................................................................ 17
4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin ................................................................ 23
4.2.1 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................ 24
4.2.2 Food supply ................................................................................................................... 25
4.2.4 Material supply.............................................................................................................. 26
4.2.5 Water supply ................................................................................................................. 27
4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment ................................................... 28
4.3 Bird Species Diversity ..................................................................................................... 28
4.4 Plant Species Diversity ................................................................................................... 29

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 4.5 Current wetlandmanagementsystems……………………………………………….30
4.6 Threats of Wetlands ........................................................................................................ 30
4.7 Legal Frameworks ........................................................................................................... 31
4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management ....................................................... 32
5. Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................... 33
5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 33
5.2 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 35
References .................................................................................................................................. 37
Annexes ....................................................................................................................................... 41
Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires ................................................................................ 41
Annex II. Bird Species .......................................................................................................... 45
Annex III. Plant Species ........................................................................................................ 46
Annex IV. Wild Animals ........................................................................................................ 49
Annex V. Reptiles.................................................................................................................. 49
Annex VI. Fishes ................................................................................................................... 49
Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin ............................................... 50
Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin ............................ 59
Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin ........................................... 74
Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin ............................................... 82
Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin ......................................... 84
Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin ........................................... 84
Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin .......................................... 85
Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin ..................................................... 85
Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin ................................................. 85

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List of Figures

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana .................................................................. 9

Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas ........................................................................................ 16

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level .................................. 19

Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level .................. 20
Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level ............................... 20
Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level ................................ 21
Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level ............................. 21
Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level ................................ 22
Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level .............................. 22
Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23
Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level .............................. 23
Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps ................................................................... 25
Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing .................................................................................. 26
Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana ............. 27
Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain, ........ 29
Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain ........ 30

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List of Tables

Table 2. 1 Wetland types ............................................................................................................ 6

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia ............................................................ 7

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions .... 14

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin.............................................. 31

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Acronyms

ABA Abbay Basin Authority

BCM Billion Cubic Meter
BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection Land Administration and
Use
CBOs Community Based Organizations
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EWNRA Ethiopian Wetlands and natural resources Association
EWRP Ethiopian Wetland Research Programme
FAO Food and Agriculture organization
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GIS Geographical Information System
GPS Global Positioning System
LUPRD Land use Planning and Regulatory Department
MoWR Ministry of Water Resources
MW MegaWatt
NGOs Non Governmental Organizations
SNNPRS Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples‟ Regional State
USDA United Nations Department of Agriculture
WA Wetland Action

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Abstract

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface between land
and water. Of the total estimated wetlands area of Ethiopia the Abbay Basin covers about 1.43%
wetlands area and are largely found in Tana sub basin at the shore of Lake Tana, Didessa,
Fincha sub basin and Dabus sub basins.

Wetland assessment study data was cllected in the Administrative Zones of the Amhara, Oromiya
and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the sub basins of Abbay Basin. In all of the
assessed sub-basins significant hectares of wetlands are found. Accordingly, the total coverage
areas of wetlands in the four sub basins are estimated to be above 188,528 hectares of marshy
or swampy areas. Tana and Didesa sub basins are the largest center of wetlands that comprise
Fogera and Dembia flood plains in which are the largest wetland areas in Ethiopia. Wetlands of
the sub basins are rich in bird, plant and large mammals’ diversity including reptiles. These
wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous and migratory bird species that
come from England and other European countries seasonally to cope up the weather conditions,
and wild animals. In addition these, wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla,
sedges…etc.

Wetlands found in the Basin serves the surrounding communities for animal grazing, irrigation,
water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for the local communities,
harvesting place for green grasses-‘Chefe’ for holiday and festival ceremony, sources of hatches
for hats, shelter for wild lives and reptiles. Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the
local community to prepare rain protective material-‘Gessa’ in the rainy season.

The current management of wetlands in the sub basins is poor and even attacked by recession
and drain agriculture. Because of the misuse and poor management of wetlands the very crucial
biodiversity of wetlands are indangered and no policy formulation and legal frame works
enacted for the management and sustainable utilization of wetlands in Federal or Regional
governments

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Introduction

1.1 Background

Ethiopia, with its different land formations and climatic conditions, is endowed with
considerable water resources and wetland ecosystems, including twelve drainage
systems/basins, more than eight major lakes, many swamps, marshes, floodplains, and
human made reservoirs. Out of the twelve drainage systems in the country three of
them, namely Abbay (Upper part of Blue Nile), Baro-Akobo, and Tekeze, are located
within the Nile Basin.

The Abbay Basin having total area coverage of 199,812km2 is the most important river
basin in Ethiopia. It accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total
average annual run-off, and 25 % of its population (MoWR, 1998). The land cover of the
basin includes Afro-Alphine (0.57%), cultivated (34%), forest and plantations (1.4%),
bamboo (3.5%), woodland (20.3%), bush and shrub (10.2%), grassland (23.1%),
wetland (2.9%), rock (3%) and urban area (0.05%) (MoWR,1998).

Wetlands are ecosystems or units of the landscape that are found in the interface
between land and water. While water is a major factor of wetland definition, soils,
vegetation and animal life also contribute to their unique characteristics (Rogeri 1995).
Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in different parts of the world and
more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent definition provided by the Ramsar
Bureau seems to be gaining more acceptance across the globe; the Ramsar
Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or
water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or
flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low
tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2) provides that
wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and

1
islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying within the
wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

In this regard wetlands in the Abbay Basin provide various services and benefits to the
wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms of
their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local communities.

Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an important source of medicinal
plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are given access to wetlands during
the dry season, and critically, communities rely on wetlands for drinking water which is
collected from springs around their periphery (Bognetteau et al 2003; Dixon et al 2002;
Afework 1998). Wetlands serve as livelihood income bases for the local communities,
for example papyrus plant that grows in wetland found around Lake Tana shore is
source of livelihood income for the „Negede Weyto‟ communities who made local small
boats and household artefacts.

Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under
serious threats from human intervention. They are facing serious threats that have
resulted in the loss of a number of wetlands and degradation which will lead to further
loss of wetlands in the near future. Despite the fact that some efforts being made to
address the problems and the threats that wetlands have encountered, the situation
needs considerable attention, and commitments from all groups of actors at all levels
from the grass roots to decision and policy makers in order to stop and reverse the
threats and bring a sustainable solution to the problem.

So, the aim of this assessment report is to assess the existing situation of wetland
ecosystems in Tana, Fincha, Debub Gojjam and Beles sub-basins and serve as a
spring board for the preparation of strategic plan for wetlands conservation and its
sustainable management system in the Abbay River Basin.

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1.2 Objectives of the assessment

The general objective of this study is assessment of the over all status of wetlands
that will lead to the preparation of strategic plan for sustainable utilization and
management in the Abbay River Basin.

Specific objectives are:-

 To prepare baseline information on total coverage of wetlands area found in the

Abbay Basin
 To assess the status and usage of wetlands in the basin
 To assess the abundance of plants, birds and animals living within the area.
 To investigate the threats and opportunities in the management and use of
wetlands

1.3 Scope of the assessment

This assessment study is limited only to four sub-basins of the Abbay River Basin
mainly targeted in collection of task relevant data from zonal offices and sample
woredas in each sub basins based on the information obtained from zonal Agriculture
and Environment offices. Therefore the study report mainly focuses on secondary
information collected from relevant stakeholders and primary data obtained from the
field visits. The primary data collected is limited to marshy and swampy areas only that
does not include water bodies.

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2. Literature Review

2.1 Wetlands in the world

Wetlands, are a distinctive group of habitats intermediate between aquatic and

terrestrial ecosystems, have specialized vegetation which copes with the vagaries of
fluctuating water tables, the chemical oddities of anaerobic soils and the problems of
inundation with saline water. Over years wetlands were defined in different forms in
different parts of the world and more than 50 definitions exist. However, the recent
definition provided by the Ramsar Bureau is gaining more acceptance worldwide and
the Ramsar Convention under Article 1.1 defines wetlands as: “areas of marsh, fen,
peat land, or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that
is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of
which at low tide does not exceed six meters”. In addition, the convention (Article 2)
provides that wetlands: “may incorporate riparian and costal zones adjacent to the
wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six meters at low tide lying
within the wetlands” (Ramsar 1971).

The extent of the world‟s Wetlands is generally thought to range from 7 to 9 million Km 2
or about 4 to 6 % of the land surface of the earth (Mitsch and Gosselink, 2002).
However, based on the Russian geographers, it is estimated that more than 6.4% of the
land surface of the world, or 8.8% million Km2, is wetland, and almost 56% of this
estimated total wetland area is found in tropical (2.6 million Km 2) and subtropical (2.1
million Km2) regions. But, a more recent estimate of the world‟s wetlands by the U.S
Department of Agriculture (USDA) cited in (Hayal Desta, 2006) states that 13.7% (18.8
million Km2 ) of the earth‟s surface is wetland.

Wetlands are very important for the multifarious values that they provide free of charge.
They constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational
values. They support high level of biological diversity. They are the richest ecosystem
next to tropical rainforest on this planet, providing essential life support for much of
humanity, as well as for other species. They are described as “the kidney of the

4
landscape” because they function as the downstream receiver of water and waste from
both natural and human sources (hydrological and chemical cycles) (Mitsch and
Gosselink, 2002). They stabilize water supplies, thus ameliorating both flood and
drought, cleanse polluted waters, protect shorelines, and recharge ground water
aquifers. They also have been called “biological supermarkets” because of the
extensive food chain and rich biodiversity that they support (Afework, 1998). They offer
sanctuary to a wide variety of plants, invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, reptiles and
mammals, as well as to millions of both migratory and sedentary water birds. They are
being described by carbon dioxide sinks and climate change stabilizers on a global
scale (Mitsch and Gosselink), 2002).

Wetlands have long been viewed as dismal, beg-infested areas of nuisance and
unsightliness. Rather, they are rich centers of many fauna and flora resources (Hayal
Desta, 2006). They are also important sources of water for agriculture, industrial and
domestic uses. Wetlands especially river valleys and their associated flood plains have
been at the heart of human civilization. Thus, wetland systems have played key role
throughout the development and survival of human communities.

Wetlands differ widely due to regional and local variations in soils, landscape
(topography), climate, hydrology (water regime), water chemistry, existing vegetation
and anthropogenic disturbances. In general, according to (Cowardin et.al.. 1979) cited
in (Bacon, 1999), five major wetland system types are recognized: marine, estuarine,
lacustrine, riverine and palustrine. Of the global total wetland area estimated, the
greatest part is occupied by wetlands in freshwater environments (Table 2.1).

5
Table 2. 1 Wetland types

Type Percentage (%)

Marine 16.6 saline water
Estuarine 9.2 Brakish water
Lacustrine 23.8 Freshwater
Riverine 15.9 Freshwater
Palustrine 30.0 Freshwater
Artificial (man made) 10.5 Freshwater
Source: Bacon, 1999

Marine (coastal areas) and estuarine (deltas and tidal areas) systems describe coastal,
saltwater wetlands, whereas the other three categories represent freshwater systems.
Lacustrine wetlands are associated with lakes; riverine wetlands are found along rivers
and streams; and palustrine wetlands represent those wetlands that are often referred
to as marshes, swamps and bogs, which are characterized by spongy peat deposits, a
growth of evergreen trees and shrubs and a floor covered by a thick carpet of
Sphagnum moss. According to Hayal Desta, 2006 wetlands can be divided into two
types; peat forming (with > 40 cm of accumulated organic matter) and non-peat forming
(with < 40 cm of accumulated organic matter). Non-peat forming wetlands are classified
as shallow open-water wetlands, marshes and swamps. Peat forming wetlands are
subdivided into fens and bogs.

2.2 Wetlands in Ethiopia

The wetlands of Ethiopia represent a significant environment in the country, estimated

to cover around 1.5% of total land area (1.43% of it is within the Abbay Basin) (Johnston
and McCartney, 2010). Ethiopia is home to all types of wetlands except those associated
with coastal wetlands. The wetlands in the country vary in size and type. The types of
wetlands that are dominant in one part of the country might be rare in other areas and
vice versa. Although the potential of Ethiopia‟s wetland resources is not fully

6
documented; it is known that they represent a significant micro-environment in parts of
the country.

According to Hillman (1993) there are about 73 major wetlands in Ethiopia with a total
coverage of 13,699 km2. Furthermore, according to the FAO Land Use Map of Ethiopia,
produced from air photos from the 1960s and 1970s, and early Landsat data, 0.74% of
the country is made up of wetlands. However, this only includes permanent wetlands of
the size which can be registered by such remote sensing sources. The report
accompanying the map recognizes that the figure is nearer to 2% of its total area (
22,500 Km2 ) including shallow lakes, small wetlands, peat lands, swamp forests and
seasonal wetlands not picked up by these sources (FAO 1984). In addition the data
compiled from the Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Project (2002-unpublished)
study indicates that the 1.43% of the country is covered by wetlands that include
swamps, marshes and water bodies (Table 2.2). The distribution of wetlands varies
from one region to the other and Gambella has the highest proportion of wetlands
followed by Amhara Regional state whilst Tigray has the lowest proportion of wetlands
after Benishangul Gumuz.

Table 2. 2 Wetland distribution by region in Ethiopia

Total area Wetlands*
Regions (ha) Coverage (ha) % wetlands
Gambella 3,203,280 247,556 7.73
Amhara 15,764,744 431,695 2.74
SNNPRS 11,064,200 152,900 1.38
Afar 9,526,567 131,000 1.38
Oromiya 35,961,996 397,853 1.11
Somali 29,151,596 250,612 0.86
Beneshangul Gumuz 5,033,592 22,466 0.45
Tigray 5,085,784 8,053 0.16
Total 114,791,759 1,642,135 1.43
Source: Afework 1998 (cited in Woody Biomass, 2002- unpublished report)
*Includes all wetland types including water bodies
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2.3 Wetlands in the Abbay Basin

The Abbay Basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the Eastern
and central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟
to 39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its Western border and shares common
boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the North, the Omo Gibe basin to the South, the
Awash basin to the East and South-east and the Baro-Akobo to the South-west (FDRE
MoWR, 1998). The basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and
Benishangul-Gumuz Regions.

The basin accounts for about 20% of Ethiopia land area, 50% of its total average annual
run-off, and 25 % of its population. It has wetlands area that accounts 2.9% of its area
(FDRE MoWR, 1998). Out of the 2.9% the basin wetlands area coverage; water bodies
account about 1.7% i.e. 3,415 km2 (equivalent to 341500 ha) and marshy and swampy
lands account about 1.2% i.e. 2,384 km2 (equivalent to 238400 ha) of the Basin area.

Wetlands are much more common in the Amhara region (2.74% of area of which 90%
of the wetlands are found within Abbay drainage system (Woody Biomass 2002) than in
Oromiya (1.11%) or Benishangul-Gumuz (0.45%) (AMU,2009). Abebe and Geheb
(2003) list 73 significant wetland sites nationally. Of these, seven lie within the Abbay
Basin (Aloba Lake, Ashenge Lake, Chomen Lake, Fogera Swamps, Tana Lake, Wonchi
Lake, Zangana Lake), and there are many other small wetlands within the basin. The
main wetland areas within the basin occur around Lake Tana, the Finchaa and Chomen
swamps and the large Dabus swamp which is located within the Western Wellega zone
of the Oromiya region.

Wetlands are used extensively for a range of purposes including domestic water supply
and agriculture (Wood 2001). Because of the importance of livestock in the basin many
are used for grazing. In many places grazing strategies follow distinct seasonal and
spatial patterns with grazing pressure focused on wetlands during the dry season and in
uplands during the rainy season when the wetlands are too wet (Mwendera et al. 1997).
Rice farming in swamp areas is practiced South of Gonder in Amhara, on the Fogera

8
floodplain wetlands (around Lake Tana) and also in the Dabus wetland (Gebregziabher
2010).

The wetlands of Amhara region are distributed all over the region, but the largest portion
of the wetlands are found in the Abbay Basin drainage system associated with Lake
Tana such as Fogera, Dembia, Kunzela flood plains (Figure 2.1), marshes and swamps
are dominant within Awi and Western and Eastern Gojjam zones.

Figure 2 1 Wetalds distribution around Lake Tana

Source: Amhara National Regional State Bureau of Agriculture, 2001.

Furthermore the Oromiya region, especially that of the upper part of Nile Basin South
Western and Eastern areas with a varied landscape and considerable rainfall up to
2,200mm in Illubabor highlands, has varied wetlands from small wetlands scattered all
over to larger and bigger wetlands located deep in forested areas. The dominant types
found in the region include valley bottom swamps, marshes, floodplains, human made
reservoirs mainly Fincha, peat swamps and forested and riverine wetlands. The overall

9
estimate of wetlands within the Western Oromiya Region mainly in the Abbay Basin is
estimated up to 1.0% (Afework 2005).

Out of 43 wetlands inventoried in the country by the Environmental Protection Authority

(EPA 2003) some 19 wetlands (44%) including lakes, swamps, marshes and human
made reservoirs are found in the Abbay Basin part of Ethiopia. Although the proportion
of wetland area is low, the contribution of wetlands to the livelihood of the community
and their ecological significance is much higher than their area coverage.

2.4 Classification of wetlands

Ethiopia as well as the Abbay Basin hosts all types of wetlands that have been
classified and listed in different parts of the world except wetlands that are associated
with costal zones. However, due to lack of institutional setup and legal frame work
within the country there has no systemic classification and inventory of wetlands has
been undertaken. There are isolated reports on the location and estimates on the extent
of wetlands in different parts of the country. Some researchers and resource managers
have tried to list names and location of limited number of wetlands within the country
and made rough estimates of their area coverage. Hunghes and Hughes (1992) have
made some attempts to group Ethiopian wetlands into ten categories based on their
ecological zones and also made their descriptions. On the other hand Leykun Abunie
(2003) has made an attempt to classify Ethiopian wetlands into four major categories
based on ecological zones, hydrological functions, geomorphologic formations and
climatic conditions. He explained that the four categories in which he has classified are
linked with the four major biomes, which also describe climatic conditions in Ethiopia.
The four wetland biome he tried to identify includes:
o The Afro-Tropical wetland system,
o Somali-Masai wetland system,
o Sudano Guinean wetland system, and
o Sahelian Transitional wetland system.

10
However, such classification is based on their location and do not take into account the
nature of the wetlands itself and lacks to provide proper information for their
management.

There are many systems of classifying wetlands followed by various organization and
institutions depending on their sources of water and nutrients (river, lake, ground water
or rainfall), according to their hydrological regime-e.g. permanently or temporarily
flooded, permanently waterlogged, etc and many other classification criteria could be
envisaged (such as soil type, vegetation structure, etc.) as well.

Based on a simplified classification version used by the Ramsar Convention one can
also classify the wetlands in Ethiopia into three broad classes which include Fresh
Water, Salt Water and Human made wetlands.

A) Fresh water wetlands

Most of the wetlands in the country can be classified as fresh water wetlands. This in
turn can be classified as riverine wetlands that are associated with presence and flow of
rivers, plustraine wetlands that are associated with temporary and permanent
freshwater marshes and swamps and lacustrine wetland types that are lakes and
wetlands associated with lake systems.

i) Riverine wetland types

Examples of riverine wetland types in Ethiopia are the floodplains of Fogera, Dembia
and Kunzela in Amhara Regional State, Beles in Benishangul Gumuz Region, and
floodplains of Wabe Shebelle, Genale, Dabus, Geba, Dedessa Rivers in Oromiya
Regional State and others.

ii) Plustrine wetland types

The plustraine wetlands are represented by Borkena/Cheffa, Fincha Swamps, Gumero

Wetland and others that are numerous in number within Southwest Ethiopian highlands.

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 iii) Lacustrine wetland types

There are abundant lacustrine type of wetlands that include lakes of the Rift Valley
(Lake Ziway, Langano, Awassa, Shalla, etc), Lake Tana, Lakes of Bishofetu and many
crater lakes and the associated wetlands.

B) Salt water wetlands

There are limited salt water wetlands in Ethiopia. The example of salt water wetlands
includes wetlands of Dallol Depression in Afar Regional State.

C) Human made wetlands

Human made wetlands includes Koka, Gelgel Gibe, Melka-Wakana, Fincha, Alwero and
other hydropower and irrigation dams. Further, municipal and small water reservoirs like
dams built for various purposes, aquifers and wells.

2.5 Functions of wetlands

The major functions of wetland ecosystems are water storage, ground water recharge,
flood control, shoreline stabilization, and water quality control, moderation of climate
and flood regulation. They are also a source of substantial biodiversity and support
numerous species from all of the major groups of organisms from microbes to
mammals.

The ecological functions of wetland ecosystems in the Abbay Basin are poorly studied
and documented. However, the wetland ecosystem in the basin provides many
ecological functions which maintain and protect nature and systems which benefit
people through services such as maintenance of water quality, flow and storage, flood
control, nutrient retention and microclimate stabilization. For example Fincha, Chomen
and Lake Tana wetlands support thousands of birds and act as stop-over sites for
migratory species, including some globally endangered species. A prime example is the
large numbers of Lesser Flamingos are common in these wetlands starting from the end
of October to March.
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Furthermore, out of a total of 73 important bird areas identified in Ethiopia about 30
(41%) of them are wetlands and they support a variety of bird species including some
birds endemic to Ethiopia, as well as worldwide endangered bird species such as the
White Winged Fluff tail. In addition to that, of 861 bird species that are believed to exist
in the country, 204 (around 25%) of them are dependent on wetlands (Mengistu, 2003).

Wetlands serve as natural water purification systems. This has crucial practical
benefits, for example Gimbi Town Water Supply Plant is located at the downstream end
of Gefar wetland system which is effectively purifying water and reducing the level of
sediment in it (Afework, 1998).

The most impressive example of wetland services is the flood regulating and flood
control ability of wetlands in highland Illubabor. In earlier decades before deforestation
and wetland drainage intensified in Highland Illubabor there was no history of flooding in
the neighbouring Gambella Township. However, with increased deforestation and
extensive drainage of wetlands in Illubabor Highlands flooding has become a major
threat to Gambella Town and until recently dikes were built along the river bank to stop
such a threat. Another example is the presence of Shallo wetland or Cheleleka wetland
in the influent of Lake Awassa which plays a similar role. Shallow wetland holds much of
the runoff from Lake Awassa‟s catchment that drains first into the swamp and then
gradually flows to the lake via the Tikur Wuha River. From this point of view, the wetland
plays a vital role in controlling flooding, particularly that which originates from the
Wondo Genet highlands (Zerihun 2003).

2.5.1 Wetland economic values

The economic values of wetland ecosystems are extremely significant and critically
important for all local communities that are dependent on wetland products and
resources. In Ethiopia, wetlands have been providing benefits to many local
communities throughout the nation for centuries. The current economic, social and
cultural values that wetlands deliver in the country remain overwhelming and there are
13
 many communities who depend on wetlands for their livelihood. Table 2.3 presents the
goods and services, intrinsic attributes, ecological functions and possible future values
of wetlands as a general.

Table 2. 3 Wetland goods and services, intrinsic attributes and ecological functions
Direct Values Indirect Values Optional Values Non-use
Values
Production and Ecosystem functions Premium placed on Intrinsic
consumption of goods and services possible future uses significance in
and services such as: o water quality and applications terms of:
o Fish o water flow such as: o cultural
o Fuel wood o water storage o pharmaceutical values
o Building poles o water purification o agricultural o aesthetic
o Sand, gravel, clay o water recharge o industrial value
o Thatch o flood control o leisure o heritage
o Water o storm protection o water use value
o Wild foods o nutrient retention o bequest
o Medicines o microclimate value
o Agriculture/cultivation regulation o existence
o Pasture/grazing o shore stabilization value
o Transport
o recreation
Source: Emerton (1999).

14
3. Methodology

3.1 Description of Assessment Areas

The wetlands assessment study was conducted in all of the Administrative Zones found
in Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul Gumuz Regions embraced by the Abbay River
Basin.
The Abbay basin occupies an area of 199,812 km2 and is located within the eastern and
central part of Ethiopia between latitudes 7o 45‟ and 12o 45‟N and longitude 34o 05‟ to
39o 45‟E. The basin drains towards Sudan on its western border and shares common
boundaries with the Tekeze basin to the north, the Omo Gibe basin to the south, the
Awash basin to the east and south-east and the Baro-Akobo to the south-west. The
basin is located within part of each of the Amhara, Oromiya and Benishangul-Gumuz
Regions. Abbay Basin further sub divided in to 16 sub-basins namely Tana, Beles,
Dinder, Rahad, Dabus, Anger, Muger, Guder, Jemma, Walaka, Beshilo, South Gojjam,
North Gojjam, Dedessa, Wenbera and Fincha.

The climate of the basin is primarily influenced by altitude and the proximity to the
equatorial monsoonal systems. These factors produce a wide variety of local climates
ranging from hot and semi-arid to high altitude cool alpine climates. Mean annual rainfall
within the basin varies from 800 - 2,000 mm and generally increases with altitude.
(Figure 2). Rainfall in most of the basin is unimodal with the majority of the rain falling in
the wet season (June to September) brought by the south west monsoon originating
from the Atlantic Ocean. The dry season extends from October to March while a period
of short rains may sometimes occur from April to May from the penetration of the south
East Indian Ocean monsoon into the basin area. The eastern fringe area of the basin
can have a bimodal rainfall distribution, where the “belg” rains comprise nearly 50
percent of the “keremt” rains.

15
Figure 3. 1 Assessment Study areas

16
3.2 Data Collection and Analysis Methods

Review of secondary data: Available secondary data were collected from the web site
and relevant institution and reviewed to extract valuable information about wetlands
relevant to this assessment study.

Primary data Collection: Closed and open ended questionnaire was prepared and
used as a tool to gather relevant information from Zonal and Woreda Agriculture Offices
and Environmental protection, land administration and use offices. In addition direct
observation of wetlands and informal discussions and interviews were made throughout
the assessment. The team used direct observation to perceive the existing conditions of
sample wetland in each sub-basin. It was an important method for the study team to get
acquainted with the present situation of the study area. Through direct observation,
information was obtained on threats and services of wetlands.

Secondary data collection: Secondary data were obtained from published and
unpublished sources. The main sources of secondary data for this study were MoWR,
EPA, BoEPLAU, EWNRA and Website Information relevant for this study was screened
for immediate use.

4. Findings of the Assessment and Discussion

4.1 Wetlands Distribution in the Abbay Basin

Abbay basin comprises of 16 sub basins and we were to address all administrative
relevant offices in the sub basins to collect the desired data. Tana Sub-basin wetlands
cover parts of areas found under the administrative Zones of South Gondar, North
Gondar, West Gojjam and Awi zone. Tana sub basin contributes 23 999.8 hectares of
swampy areas and 315960 hectares of water bodies. The Beles sub basin wetlands
covers most parts of the Metekel zone and partly Awi zone and covers about 23,908 ha

17
of seasonal wetlands. Fincha sub basin wetlands cover most parts of Horo Gudru
zones having 17884.25ha permanent swampy areas.

Debub Gojjam sub basin covers most parts of Eastern Gojjam and some parts of West
Gojjam and Awi Zones having 16,123.25 ha of seasonal and permanent wetlands.
Didessa sub basin wetalands includes some parts of Jimma, most parts of Illu Aba Bora
and Qelem Wellega Administrative Zone marshy and swampy lands with an area of
about 54,127 hectares. The following sub basins covers-Dabus 35,564, mugger 32.
Jemma 1516.5, Anger 15309, North Gojjam 38.8 welakka 11, and Beshilo 53.4 hectares
of wetlands

The total area of wetlands in Abbay basin was estimated to be above 188,528 hectares
of marshy or swampy areas and water bodies. Tana sub basin being the largest areaof
wetlands that comprises fogera and Dembia flood plains which are the largest wetland
areas in Ethiopia. These wetlands are providing services being shelters for indigenous
and migratory bird species that come from England and other European countries to
cope up seasonal weather conditions. It is also a shelter of wetland animal species. In
addition these wetlands consist of plant species like papyrus, gicha, filla, sedges …etc.

Wetlands found in the sub-basins serves the surrounding communities for animal
grazing, irrigation, water sources for animal and human consumption, fishing center for
the local communities, harvesting place for green grasses-„Chefe‟ for holiday and
festival ceremony, sources of thatches for huts, shelter for wild lives and reptiles.
Wetlands are the sources of sedges that serve the local community to prepare rain
protective material-„Gessa‟ in the rainy season. It is also a source of Hydropower in the
case of Fincha sub basin.
Wetlands distribution data in the Abbay Basin were collected at the Zonal Bureau of
agriculture and Environmental Protection land Administration and Use Departments.
Because of the absence of well recorded data concerning the area of swampy /marshy
areas in each woredas and kebeles in the contacted relevant offices, we were not able
to obntain significant areas of swapy/marshy areas in Rahad, Dinder, Wenbera and
Guder Sub basins. Based on the collected data the distributions of wetlands (only
18
marshy/swampy areas) in the assessed Sub-Basins at woreda level with respective
areas are indicated below (Figures 4.1-4.9). The total sum of wetland areas of the
indicated figure does not represent the total areas of wetlands found in each sub basins
due to the presence of some woredas in each sub basin that do not have recorded
areas of wetlands. According to the collected data most wetlands in Tana sub basins
are found at Fogera woreda followed by Bahr Dar zuria Wereda as shown in Figure 4.1.
About 16,591ha of wetlands in Debub Gojjam basin are found in Gozamin weredas and
in Fincha sub basin 15,537.25 hectares are found in Abbay Chomen weredas as shown
in Figure 4.2 and 4.3.

Figure 4. 1 Wetland distributions in Tana sub basin at wereda level

19
Figure 4. 2 Wetland distributions in Debub Gojjam sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 3 Wetland distributions in Fincha sub basin at wereda level

20
Figure 4. 4 Wetland distributions in Dabus sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 5 Wetland distributions in Didessa sub basin at wereda level

21
Figure 4. 6 Wetland distributions in Muger sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 7 Wetland distributions in Welaka sub basin at wereda level

22
 Figure 4. 8 Wetland distributions in Beshilo sub basin at wereda level

Figure 4. 9 Wetland distributions in Jemma sub basin at wereda level

4.2 Uses of wetlands in the Abbay River Basin

The extent to which Abbay Basin wetland resources contribute to the national
development has poorly studied and no empirical information exists in this regard
except for very few wetlands and wetland resources such as fisheries. However, the
wetland and the wetland resources in the assessed sub basins have immense
economical values. The following are just a few of the many economic and social
benefits that wetlands provide: supply of fish, food through drainage and recession

23
agriculture, raw materials for thatching huts and crafts, water, clay soil for pottery and
ceramics, medicinal plants, sand and grazing for the majority of livestock owners across
the sub basins.

The wetland ecosystems and the major rivers within the basin are fundamental parts of
life interwoven into the structure and welfare of societies and natural ecosystems. In
this regard wetlands in the Tana, Fincha and Debub Gojjam Sub-basins in greater
extent and in Beles sub basin in lesser extent provide various services and benefits to
the wider local community members. They are important natural resources both in terms
of their environmental functions and their products, which are used by local
communities. They represent a vital source of water throughout the year. As an
example, the wetlands in Tana sub basin are sources of Papyrus which are used to
make local boats, craft products, and as chefe for coffee and festival ceremonies, and
Fincha sub basins are dominated by sedge vegetation known as cheffe (Cyperus
latifolius) which is the main raw material used for thatching local huts. Cheffe is used by
many local communities and urban dwellers throughout the year in a range of
ceremonies and celebrations. Wetlands in this part of the basin are also considered an
important source of medicinal plants, their vegetation is palatable to cattle which are
given access to wetlands during the dry season, and critically, communities rely on
wetlands for drinking water which is collected from springs around their periphery.
Although, wetlands have a significant economic and environmental value they are under
serious threats from human intervention. They are drained and cultivated for food
production in unsustainable ways, over-grazed and their resources are over-exploited.

4.2.1 Fisheries

Wetlands are a major source of fish and wetland fisheries constitute a very important
sector of the local economy and contribute towards the livelihood of tens and thousands
of the citizens especially in Tana sub-basin surrounding areas of Bahir dar, Gorgora,
Delgi and Zege. Further, the „Nagade Weyto‟ community is a particular ethnic group on
Lake Tana who is specialized on fishing using small tankaus (boats made up of

24
Papyrus) and whose livelihoods highly depend on fishing. Wetlands found in the lake
shore are important breading centers of fish and sources of food for fish fingerlings.

4.2.2 Food supply

Wetlands in all of the assessed sub-basins have been draining and used for growing
food crops. In wetlands of Tana sub basin of Lake Tana shores, around Fincha sub
basin various forms of recession agriculture are practiced by the local communities to
produce food for domestic use. Market-oriented agriculture has appeared more recently,
especially on the Fogera Plain, with the development of extensive wetland reclamation
for rice and garlic cultivation.

Figure 4. 10 Rice cultivation in Fogera swamps

4.2.3 Grazing
In the assessed sub-basins wetlands have been found, and remain significant field sites
for livestock grazing. Wetlands are important destination for livestock owners or grazers
during the dry season. It would be no exaggeration to claim that the survival of the sub
basin‟s especially the Fogera breed and Debub Gojjam livestock is directly linked to the
abundance of wetlands.

25
Figure 4. 11 Wetlands used for grazing

4.2.4 Material supply

Wetlands found in the sub basins are important sources of raw materials to construct
local houses, rain protective materials, boats and household and ornamental artefacts
Sedges are one of the important wetland resources that local communities value in all of
the assessed basins .For example, in Fincha sub basin sedges have a variety of uses
for the local communities and their prime importance is for thatching local huts
especially where other suitable materials are not available or are too expensive.
Around Lake Tana in the Tana Sub- basin, Papyrus is an important raw material used
by the „Nagade Weyto‟ Community and other local households, as well as for craft
making and ceremonial purposes.

26
Figure 4. 12 Local boats made from wetland products (Papyrus) in Lake Tana

4.2.5 Water supply

Along the edges of most wetlands there are many water springs. They are the major
sources of drinking water for the rural population of most of the Eastern Wellega of
Fincha and Metekel zones of Beles sub basins. Wetlands are also a major water source
for domestic stock as well as wildlife. In the dry months of the year, when many streams
dry up, wetlands constitute a reliable source of water for domestic and wild animals. In
areas where there are no wetlands or where rivers are ephemeral, farmers move their
cattle in search of water every day.

Other benefits of wetlands include:

 Wetlands have medicinal plants that contribute to the health care of humans as well
as livestock,
 Wetlands are bird watching sites for tourist attractions – Lake Tana, Enfranz
wetland,

27
 Sites for investment can be found in wetlands, such as sugarcane farming in Fincha,
livestock and crop farming Fogera wetlands.

4.2.6 Urban wastewater and Surface runoff treatment

Natural wetlands purify water by breaking and assimilating nutrients, bacteria, heavy
metal residues and other contaminants. Wetlands can be designed, constructed to take
advantage of these naturally occurring processes to treat wastewater from a variety of
sources. The natural wetlands found around Lake Tana are serving as natural treatment
for waste waters and runoffs coming from urban center, Bahir Dar, and farm lands into
the Lake. Fore example the wastewater runoff from Bahir Dar city kebele 13 and 16 are
discharging to the natural wetland found near to the Avanti Hotel in South of Lake Tana.

4.3 Bird Species Diversity

Wetlands are important bird and wildlife areas and have significance for congregational
bird species (Flamingos, cranes, ducks, geese etc.) and over-wintering areas for a
variety of migratory Palaearctic birdlife. The Tana sub-basin encompasses rich wetlands
and Sudan-Guinea Savannah biomes with wide variety of habitats and wildlife
resources. Most areas of Tana sub basin around Lake Tana and Fincha sub-basins
support diverse and valuable birds and are of the most important wetland bird sites in
Ethiopia. The Tana sub-basin may even hold, on average, more birds annually than
anywhere else in the country. About 32,471 birds of 83 wetland species were counted
on the Lake Tana area in January/February2007 (Ibid). Birds such as the Crested
Francolin and Helmeted Guinea fowl have important economic values (food & cash) for
the local people while others have significant cultural values (tourism attraction).

In a bird survey carried out on the Lake Tana and its surroundings by Francis and
Shimelis Aynalem (2007), a total of 213 species were recorded. In addition near-
threatened species including Pallid Harrier, Black-crowned Crane and Black-tailed
Godwit were also observed. Many species of migratory birds also make a twice-annual

28
stop-over in Lake Tana wetlands whose continued existence and good conditions are
essential to their successful migration.

Figure 4. 13 Flock of Eurasian Cranes and other large waterbirds, Fogera Plain,

4.4 Plant Species Diversity

Surrounding Lake Tana of Tana sub basin and Fincha sub basin wetlands are areas
support a variety of emergent macrophytic vegetation including papyrus (Cyperus
papyrus), which is the dominant vegetation around the shore of Lake Tana. Papyrus is
used to build the local boat “tankwa” which is used by the lake fishermen. Other large
plants occurring in the reed beds around Lake Tana include Echinochloa pyramidalis;
E.stagnina; Polygonum barbatum; P.senegalese and Typha domingensis Floating
leaves aquatics include Nymphaea caerulea, N. lotus and Pistia stratiotes, while the
most important submerged species are Ceratophyllum demersum and Vallisneria
spiralis. Much of the Finchaa swamp area is covered by vast mats of floating
stoloniferous grass vegetation (Panicum hygrocharis).

29
Figure 4. 14 Nymphaea sp. and sedges along roadside wetlands in Fogera Plain

4.5 Current wetland management systems

The current wetland management systems are not well organized. The collected data
indicates that among 188,238 ha of wetlands in the basin only 4752. 75 ha hectares are
protected and the rest are either used for cultivation or free grazing with out sustainable
plans. Wetlands in the assessed in the Abbay River Basins are communal properties
and highly attached by free grazing, agricultural expansions and illegal encroachment.
The destruction of wetlands arises from lack of ownership for the communal property
i.e. “the tragedy of the Commons”.

4.6 Threats of Wetlands

The major threatens of wetlands in the sub-basins are anthropogenic activities as was
expressed by contacted persons and professional experts during the assessment. The
main anthropogenic activities that harm and devastate the biodiversity of wetlands are
free grazing, sedimentation, draining of wetlands for agricultural expansion and malaria
breading protection, irrigation schemes, over exploitation of wetlands resources due to

30
population pressure and poverty level of the local people. In some areas eucalyptus tree
plantation and watershed degradation had lead significant contribution for the loss of
wetlands.

Wetlands found in Didessa, Dabus sub basins are planned for the development of
irrigation schems for crop production. Most of the wetlands in the Tana sub basins are
found near the shoreline Lake Tana and Fincha sub basin wetland are also found in the
shore line Lake Chomen and Fincha dam. Around the shore line of Lake Tana and
Chomen lake recession agriculture become a common practice and these effects
contributes more threat for the devastation of swampy/ marshy lands to the dry land.
Especially the wetland found in Tana Sub basin are much more vulnerable to recession
agriculture and significant shrink of wetland are happened in less than a decade as it is
indicated in Table 4.1 below. Around the North-East of Lake Tana an exotic weed
species water hyacinth had invaded the area near the shore of Lake Tana. This weed
highly disturbs the aquatic ecosystem of wetlands.

Table 4. 1 Typical loss of wetland areas in Tana Sub- basin

Wetland area (ha)

Name 1987 2008 loss in 21 years
Shesher 1,557 136 1,405
welela 298 159 139
Daga-Takua 248 75 181
Source: MoWR, 1998

4.7 Legal Frameworks

Although the country has an imperative sectoral and cross sectoral environmental policy
and national conservation strategy, indicative policy statements about the conservation
and sustainable utilization of the fragile ecological valuable wetlands is not stated. But
currently the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Environmental Protection
Authority has drafted wetland proclamation that incorporates registration and

31
management of wetlands and allowed and prohibited activities in a registerd wetland.
Because of the absence of clear conservation mechanisms and enacted legal
frameworks wetlands found in the basin are threatened by unsustainable utilization and
illegal encroachment on wetland resources. Hence, the competent government
organization has to review the drafted proclamation and formulate directives and
regulations that serve as an enforcement mechanism for the sustainable utilization and
conservation of wetlands.

4.8 Strategic issues for future wetland management

A lot have been said about the importance of wetlands for human beings and animals in
particular and for the wellbeing of the environment in general because of these fact
strategic issues for conservation and sustainable use of wetlands should be proposed
and implemented by the competent government organizations, NGOs, CBOs and the
lower community members that directly benefit from it.

To protect the destruction of wetlands and ensure the sustainable utilization of

wetlands, the following strategic activities may be very crucial.

 Avoid free grazing and preaching and provoking the farmers to exercise
zero-grazing system and practice cut and carry system;
 Establish community based organizations and associations for the
protection and sustainable utilization of the existing wetlands;
 Make free illegally encroached wetlands
 Awareness creation for the farmers about the importance and practice of
watershed management
 Enact legislation of legal frameworks that will enable to protect wetlands
 Introduce integrated agricultural technologies that will benefit farmers
sustainably

32
  Introduce alternative agricultural practices and provide practical training for
the farmers like about fishing in ponds, animal fattening, ecotourism
development in wetland resources
 Conduct detailed inventory and registration of wetlands found in the basin
 Mapping of wetlands using GPS points and GIS and demarcate the area
coverage of each wetlands in the basin

5. Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Conclusion

Abbay River Basin has the largest proportion of wetlands that exist in Ethiopia. Among
the most figurative sub basins that have significant all season wetlands are Tana ,
Didessa, Dabus and Fincha sub basins. South Gojjam sub basin also has considerable
wetlands while Beles sub basin has seasonal wetlands that exist in the rainy season
most commonly. Based on the data collected about 188,528 ha of wetlands in the
Abbay river Basin with larger contribution of Tana, Didessa Fincha, South Gojjam and
Dabus sub basins. To take forward the study of wetlands in the Basin and improve their
management and contribution to development, it is necessary to make an inventory of
the wetlands in other sub basins with special emphasis on their extent and nature.

Wetlends found in four of the assessed sub basins provides quite a lot of services to the
surrounding community being source of raw materials, and source of food, shelter and
breading center for aquatic species like fish and larger mammals. Wetlands of Tana and
Fincha Sub basins are host centers of indigenous and migratory birds that come from
Europe and Middle East countries during the cold season. In addition these wetlands
are sources of varieties of plant species used for artefacts and serve as carbon
sequestration like papyrus.

The management of these wetlands is very poor and unsustainably exploited and
endangered by illegal encroachement, free grazing and agricultural expansion.
Significant wetland area in shesher and welela wetlends around Lake Tana losses are

33
observed in less than a decade. This was because of irrigation and recession
agriculture expansion, and absence legal frame works that direct the conservation and
sustainable utilization these biodiversity enriched environmental endowed resources.

Wetlands are not waste lands rather they are wealth lands, if we properly manage and
use them. Nowadays wetlands are getting attention for their eminent ecological, socio-
cultural & economic importance. Their importance is significantly recognized by rural
communities as sources of, among others, food, water & pastures & as last resorts for
survival during dry seasons & drought times. It is also vital to underscore that besides
their local & national importance, the wetlands of Ethiopia including the Abbay Basin
wetlands have global relevance, among others, in their biodiversity hotspots,
nesting/stopover/breeding sites for migratory birds & climate change mitigation &
adaptation.

In spite of the above, the wetlands of the Abbay Basin have not yet received the
attention they ought to get. One of the basic reasons for this situation is that issues of
wetlands have not been well mainstreamed or treated separately in the contents of
national policies & other pertinent documents. But they are briefly or implicitly
addressed within policy contents of sustainable development, conservation and wise
use of natural resources. As a result, implementations of such policies have barely dealt
with problems of wetlands in Ethiopia.

Thus the commitment of decision makers to introduce wetland law and put in place a
workable institutional arrangement is critical. Local communities are the immediate
beneficiaries of wetlands and are also first level victims of wetland loss. The
participation of local communities in wetland management is of paramount importance.
Community based organizations need to be strengthened by developing laws in order to
regulate wetland abuse, enhance wise use and lead in planned manner. Developing
and implementing management plans through active participation of the communities in
a way that addresses their vision and objectives is also basic to materialize wise use of
wetlands at community level.

34
5.2 Recommendations

 This crude assessment of wetlands in ths Basin has indicated that the absence
of clear and exact data that indicate the location, area coverage and types of
wetlands that the Basin exactly endowed from nature and human made activities.
Hence, detailed inventory of wetlands has to be performed to know and conserve
it.
 At the national and regional level there is wetland conservation and management
policy and legal frameworks. In spite of this fact the Authority has to push and
coordinate the relevant organization to formulate the desired legislations.
 There was an ambiguity about the definition of wetlands among the experts and
decision makers encountered during the assessment. The relevant organization
has to set definition for the wetlands that the country accepts and aware the
professionals and decision makers at all levels through possible communication
and information dissemination networks.
 Awareness creation workshops and brochures has to be made at the community
level wherever the wetland exist in order to avoid the deliberate destruction of
wetlands.
 Ecotourism and carbon trading has to be developed in the sub basins that
centered wetlands in order to facilitate the conservation of wetlands and
decrease the threats.
 Some wetlands can lose their vigour at an alarming rate due to unwise
management. The problem needs integrated problem solving approach through
realizing the collaboration of relevant stakeholders from policy level down to
grassroots community. Decision makers, communities, private sectors and all
others who have stake in wetlands.
 Decision makers at Woreda level have significant role in ensuring wise use of
wetlands in their jurisdiction. Through coordinating Woreda level stakeholders
and assisting kebele administration they can halt wetland degradation and
improve its situation.

35
 Decision makers at higher levels are required to strengthen sustainable wetland
management efforts through effecting legislation, improving institutional
arrangements and supporting capacity building initiatives.
 It is appropriate to assess the significance of wetlands and their environs for
national development, and also the consequences of wetland degradation.
 Perform participatory watershed management practices at the upper catchment
of wetlnads that will help them self protection from recession agriculture.
 Devise self reliance programs for the communities settle around threatened
wetlands inorder to cover the food shortages occur after post harvesting
seasons since wetlands are ecroached by farmers for the purpose of producing
food crops that will transit them to the main harvesting season.
 Differentiate wetlands that will serve for agriculture, eco-tourism purposes and
ecological functions.

 Alternative energy sources had better be accessable to minimise the pressures

exerted on forests for the purpose of cooking.

36
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International Development Wildfowl Research Bureau, Slimbridge.

Roggeri, H. (1995), Tropical freshwater wetlands: a guide to current knowledge and

sustainable management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

Siraj Bekele (2004). Wetlands of Oromiya, Their conservation and contribution to food
security and poverty reduction. Proceedings of the “National Consultative
workshop on the Ramsar Convention and Ethiopia”, March 18-19, 2004. Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
Wood, A.P., (2000) Policy issues on sustainable wetland management. (Report for
Objective 6.) EWRP and the University of Huddersfield, Metu and Huddersfield.
Wood, A P, Afework Hailu, Abbot, P G & Dixon, A B (2002) Sustainable management of
wetlands in Ethiopia: local knowledge versus government policy. In Gawler, M
(ed) Strategies for wise use of wetlands: Best practices in participatory
management, Proceedings of a Workshop held at the 2 nd International
Conference on Wetlands and Development, November 1998, Dakar, Senegal.
IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, p 81-88.
Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, (2002). A Strategic plan for
development, conservation and management of the woody biomass resources
in Ethiopian Regions. Unpublished document, Final Draft June 2002.

Zerihun Desta (2003). Challenges and opportunities of Ethiopian wetlands: the case of
Lake Awassa and its feeders. Proceedings of a seminar on the resources and
status of Ethiopia‟s wetlands, IUCN Wetlands and Water Resources
Programme.

39
AMU (Arba Minch University, Ethiopia). 2009. Inventory of water storage types, their
distribution and characteristics in the Abbay river basin. Unpublished report
prepared for IWMI. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Gebregziabher, G. 2010. Situation analysis of agricultural water management (AWM)
solutions. In: Tigray, Afar and Amhara Regions of Ethiopia. Unpublished report
prepared for International Water Management Institute, Addis Ababa.
Mwendera, E.J.; Mohamed Saleem, M.A.; Dibabe, A. 1997. The effect of livestock
grazing on surface runoff and soil erosion from sloping pasture lands in the
Ethiopian highlands. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37: 421-
430.
Wood, A. 2001. The role and importance of wetlands in Ethiopia. Policy Briefing Note.
University of Huddersfield, UK: Ethiopian Wetlands Research Programme;
Ethiopia: Ethio-Wetlands and Natural Resources Association.
Burnside & Tonkin & Taylor Int. 2009. Supplemental Work to Ministry of Water
Resources - ESIA for the Ribb Dam, Ethiopia - Final Report. Report for ENIDP,
MoWR.
Francis, I.S. & Shimelis Aynalem. 2007. Bird Surveys around Bahir Dar-Lake Tana IBA,
Ethiopia. RSPB /AAU. 93pp

40
Annexes

Annex I. Assessment Questionnaires

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Abbay Basin Authority
Questionnaire for Data Collection on Wetlands Assessment to be
filled by Relevant Bureau of Environmental Protection and Bureau of
Agriculture.

Definition of wetlands: areas of marsh, fen, peat land, or water, whether natural or
artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or
salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six
meters”.

1. Name of Zone ------------------------------------------------------Office--------------------------

------------------------Tele------------------------------------
2. Area of wetlands found in hectare (ha)---------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Wetland services to the surrounding community--------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. The No of households served by the wetlands-----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The types of Bird species and plant species found within the wetland-----------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. Does wetland area increase or decrease within the past decade?--------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

41
7. If the area of the wetlands decreased mention the impact reasons--------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------
8. Ownership of the wetland: a/ private b/ Communal c/ State
9. Area of protected wetland-------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
10. State if there is (are) community bylaw (s) to conserve and sustainably utilize
wetlands------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
11. The type of wetland services ---------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. If the wetlands serve for irrigation the no of beneficiaries---------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------
13. What are the impacts that threaten the wetlands?------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------
14. Water sources of wetlands a/ lake b/ river c/ rain d/ Stream e/ Flood

15. Duration of wetland a/ 1-2 months b/ up to 6 months c/ rainy season only d/ 12

months

16. How was the past wetland management system--------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
17. State the plans set to use the wetlands sustainably----------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18. Forward your strategic plans/ideas to conserve and sustainably use wetlands-----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

43
List of wetlands Found in the Zone
S.No Name of Wetlands Area (ha) Woreda Kebele Got Location
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Annex II. Bird Species
List of observed /identified/ bird species around the four sub basin during the
assessment period
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Wattled ibis Bostrychi carunculata
2 Sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus
3 Hadada ibis Bistrychia hagedash
4 Glossy ibis Plegadis falcinellus
5 Rouget’s rail Abyssinian rail
6 Crowned crane Balearica regulorum
7 Eurasian crane -
8 Egyptian crane Alopocheen aegyptiaca
9 Spur winged goose Plectroplerus gambensis
10 Little egret Egretta garzetta
11 Great white egret Egretta alba
12 Pygmy goose Nettapus auritus
13 Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis
14 Grey heron Ardea cinerea
15 Open billed stork Anastombus lamelligerus
16 Spoon billed stork -
17 Black headed plover Vanellus armatus
18 Duwarf bettern Ardeirallus sturmii
19 African Jacana Actophilornis africanus
20 Greater flamingo Phoenicoperus ruber
21 Marabu stork Leptoptilos crumeniferus
22 Saddle ebill stork Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis
23 White pelican Peliecanus onorotalus
24 Spotted stone curlew Burhinus capensis
25 Black headed heron Ardea melanocephala
26 Cattle egret Ardeola ibis
 27 Wooly necked stork Ciconia episcopus
28 Carmine bee eater Meops pusillus
29 Maccoa duck Oxyura maccoa
30 Goliath heron Ardea goliath
31 African fish eagle Haliacetus vocifer
32 Olive pigeon Columba delegorguei
33 Supr winged plover Vanellus spinosus
34 Ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula
35 Yellow billed stork Egretta intermedia
36 Black kite Milvus migrants
37 Pink backed pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus

Annex III. Plant Species

No Amharic Name Scientific Name

1 ዝግባ Podocarpus falcatus
2 ዋንዛ Cordia africana
3 ብሳና Croton mycrostachyus
4 ሠሣ Albizia gummifera
5 አርቦጅ Sapium ellipiticum
6 ዶቅማ Sizygium guineese
7 እሸ Mimsops kummel
8 ችብሃ Ficus thonningii
9 ዋርካ Ficus vasta
10 ባምባ Ficus sycomorus
11 ዝግጣ Calpumiaaurea
12 አዛምር Bersama abuyssinica
13 ደንጎሪታ Solanum gigantum

46
14 ሳስፓንያ Sasbania sasban
15 ቀይ ባህርዛፍ Euclyptus comaldulesis
16 ግመሮ Capparis tomentosa
17 ኩሸሽላ Acanthus eminens
18 ሰኔል/ዘንባባ/ Phoenix reclenata
19 አካያ Salix subserrata
20 ቀፍ Ficus ovata
21 ዛና/ዋሽታ/ Stereospermum kunthianum
22 ልምብጭ Clausena anisata
23 ብርብራ Millettia ferruginea
24 ቃሞ Rhus vulgaris
25 አምቢልታ Enthanda abyssinca
26 ጨጮ Nuxia congesta
27 ቃዋት Ceftis africana
28 ወይራ Olea africana
29 ጥቁር እንጨት Prunus africana
30 እፀጰጦስ Dracaena steudneri
31 እንዶድ Phytolacca dodecandra
32 ቀንጠርፋ Pterolobium steliatum
33 ቁልቋል Euphorbia candelabrum
34 የአበሻ ጽድ Juniperus procera
35 ቀጋ Rosa abyssinica
36 ሇንቋጣ Grewia ferruginea
37 ስፓቶዲያ Spathodea nilotica
38 ስሚዛ/ሰንሰል/ Justicia schimperiana
39 ሰርክ አበባ Cassia didymobotrya
40 ግማርዳ Acacia polycantha
41 አበትሬ/ቁርቁራ/ Zizyphus mucronata

47
42 ነጭ ግራር/ዋጮ/ Acacia seyal
43 አልቢዳ ግራር Acacia albida
44 ጎርጎሮ/አዳር/ Dichrostachys sinera
45 አባሎ Combretum molle
46 ጋምቢሎ Gardenia volkensii
47 ክትክታ Dodonea viscosa
48 አጋም Carissa edulis
49 ቋራ/ኮርች/ Erythrina abyssinica
50 ወንበላ Premnatoma laxiflora
51 ደደሆ Euclea racemosa
52 ጠንበሇል Jasminum abyssinicum
53 ዳብዲ/የቆላ ዋንዛ/ Pilosfigma thonningii
54 ዉልክፍ Dombeya quinqueseta
55 ሸምበቆ Arundo donax
56 ወንዝ አድምቅ Salix mucronata
57 የነብር ጥፍር Bridelia micrantha
58 ግራዋ Vernonia amygdalina
59 ጉሎ Ricinus communis
60 ሰሇቸን Diospyros abyssinica
61 ቅንጭብ Euphorbia tirucalli
62 በሇስ Ficus carica
63 የተሇያዩ የሳር ዝርያዎች Different kinds of grass species
64 ደንገል/papyrus/ -

48
Annex IV. Wild Animals
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Hippopotamus Alcelaphus boselaphus
2 African porcupine Hystrix spp
3 African civet cat Civettitis civetta
4 Bush ping Potamochoerus porcus
5 Common bush back Tragelaphus scriptus
6 Anubis baboon Papio anubis
7 Vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops
8 Duiker Sylvicapra grimmia
9 Hyena Hyaena spp
10 Advark Orycteropus afer
11 Honey budger Procavia capensis
12 Leopard Panthera paradus
13 Common fox Canis auxeus
14 Warthong Phacochoerus poreus
15 Swamp rat Otomys typus (family name)
16 Bush squirrel Palliantus sp

Annex V. Reptiles
No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Alligator (different spp) -
2 Monitor lizard Varanus spp
3 Snakes (different spp) -

Annex VI. Fishes

No Common Name Scientific Name
1 Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
2 Cat fish Clarias gariepinus
3 Barbs Barbus tanopelagius

49
 Annex VII. Lists of wetlands found in the Tana sub basin
Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
1 Wolela 215 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fuafuate
2 Dega 300 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Abderie
3 Diba 95 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Fogerbet
4 Fogeriebet 20 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu
5 Burie 19 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega Sarsu
6 Shosher 349 D/Gondar Fogera Nabega
Medemekija,Aferbela 452.42 D/Gondar Fogera Menguzer
7 y,Shehiwonz
513 D/Gondar Fogera K/michael Tankua,Saku
8 rta,Mosko
Lede wuha, genet 409.5 D/Gondar Fogera Bebekis Grargie
9 wonz,chirama Abder
Total Fogera Wereda 2372.92
area D/Gondar Fogera
1 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Daga
2 Godguadit 30 D/Gondar Libokemkem Tizamba Baad
3 Gigna 10 D/Gondar Libokemkem Kabe Wajo
Kulinta 12 D/Gondar Gib Wajo(B/Men
4 Libokemkem di)
Girmo Ewaka 40 D/Gondar Gib Lamgie(Kabe
5 Libokemkem )
6 Kedokmaw esk Abay 45 D/Gondar Libokemkem Agid Fota
Girmo Ewaka 20 D/Gondar Agid Lamgie(Agid
7 Libokemkem )
8 177 D/Gondar Libokemkem
9 Daga 20 D/Gondar Libokemkem
TotalA
rea Libo kemkem Wereda 374 D/Gondar Libokemkem
1 Zuma 5.75 Awi Dangila Wunbri

50
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
2 Arb Minch 7.5 Awi Dangila Ligaba
Dasheshe/Worke 77.085 Awi Gait
3 Mesk Dangila
Gulet Mesk 47.775 Awi G/Abshik Gult
4 Dangila an
5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Dangila A/Agaga Gult
6 Kilti Mesk 13.015 Awi Dangila Girargie Girargie
7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Dangila Bacha Biraita
8 Dingel Mesk 1 32 Awi Dangila Gisa AiteWuha
Dingel Mesk 2 4 Awi De/Sengu Sengurie
9 Dangila ry
Birakat Mesk 9.4 Awi Ka/Seham G/Medhanial
10 Dangila bre em
Warki Mesk 3 Awi Ka/Seham Birakat
11 Dangila bre
12 AmboMesk 1 Awi Dangila Afesa MehalSelbet
Total Dangila Wereda 247.525
area Awi
Engury 20 Awi Basa Enguana
1 Banja Enguana
2 Gushery 5.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena
3 KilagTegushery 3.5 Awi Banja Akenajify Akena
Godegodo 1.5 Awi Bata Amby
4 Banja Emby
Walki 0.25 Awi Arsa Gimbha
5 Banja Gimbaha
6 Demelash 0.1875 Awi Banja
7 Teshitamegn 2.25 Awi Banja Arsa
Zurzur 5.5 Awi Sankit Lideta
8 Banja Lideta
9 Niwayte 5.5 Awi Banja Bida Bida
10 Dirny 20 Awi Banja Sankit Lideta

51
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
Lideta
11 Girayta 10 Awi Banja Ganguta Janguta
Aymerga 2 Awi Gurge Gurja
12 Banja Gumerta
Kambusu 4 Awi Gurge Gurja
13 Banja Gumerta
14 Workie 2.5 Awi Banja Zufary DibreWajira
Chemi 18 Awi Akayta
15 Banja Gashina
Dreni 16 Awi Gashina
16 Banja Akayta
Bertena 0.5 Awi Askuna
17 Banja Abo
Bertina 0.75 Awi Askuna
18 Banja Abo
Kesesheha 0.875 Awi Chewusa
19 Banja Kasa
20 Warki 18 Awi Banja Mesela
Walkay 19 Awi Chabana
21 Banja Gisa
12 Awi Kuachkua
22 Banja ch
23 Durisa Sheha 17 Awi Banja Da/Ki Samuel
24 Nushyewole 4 Awi Banja Da/Ki Absla
Zer rare 66.75 Awi Meselach D/Genet
25 Banja ayty
Total Banja Wereda 255.562
Area 5 Awi
Gich 1.5 Awi Absela Samuel
1 Guagusa Warda
2 Army 0.75 Awi Guagusa ,, Absela
3 Chary Arnasta 0.75 Awi Guagusa Chaba D/Genete

52
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
Zinbry
Asindabo 1 Awi Chaba Zinre
4 Guagusa Zinbry
Shema 3 Awi Zigra & Mareta
Its
surroundi
5 Guagusa ng
6 Muachua 0.5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,
7 Kiteb 1 Awi Guagusa ,, Zagra
8 Galiye 5 Awi Guagusa ,, ,,
Guashita 4 Awi Askuna Gidema
9 Guagusa Agiza
Aguta 2.5 Awi Wonjila Aguta
10 Guagusa Aguta
Konchayta 2 Awi Jiba/Am/ Jibayta
11 Guagusa wahis
12 Lashishta 2.5 Awi Guagusa ,, Wahisa
Shalign 4 Awi Ashifa A/Alem
Bahiry
13 Guagusa Direwa
14 Awerta 3 Awi Guagusa ,, Deriwa
15 Girgista 4 Awi Guagusa ,, Ashifa
16 Asindabo 6 Awi Guagusa Tilili 01 1
Dadakiy 6 Awi Askuna Gidema
17 Guagusa Agza
18 Achigy 2 Awi Guagusa Baguna Achigy
19 Wodeb 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna ,,
Total Guagusa Wereda 53.5
Area Awi Guagusa
1 Kitam 3 Awi Guangua Tirigi T/Selasie
2 Workie 1.25 Awi Guangua Waykela A/Ghiorgis
3 Ambeyesta 0.5 Awi Guangua Waykela Abetema

53
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
Abo
4 Aba Seyoum 1 Awi Guangua Yimali Y/Maryam
5 Nabre 17 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
6 guhini 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
7 Yewesen Bida 3 Awi Guangua Ambeki Ambeki
Total Guangua Wereda 28.75
Area Awi Guangua
1 Zenzenina Kebtele ? Awi Jawi Kebtele kebtele
webochrguanchina
2 burabur ? Awi Jawi webo webo
Yjahimala regregama
3 bota ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha
4 Dil Zegi ? Awi Jawi jeha jeha
Total Jawi Wereda
Area ?? Awi Jawi
1 Arbaminch 3 Awi Fagitalekoma Ligaba
2 DashesheWorke Mesk 26.485 Awi Fagitalekoma Gayita
3 Zuma 2 Awi Fagitalekoma Wunbri
Gulit Mesk Gu/Abshi
4 47.775 Awi Fagitalekoma kan Gulit
5 Agaga mesk 27 Awi Fagitalekoma Agaga Gulit
6 kiliti mesk 13.015 Awi Fagitalekoma Girarghe Girargie
7 Toka Mesk 20 Awi Fagitalekoma Bacha Brayita
8 Dengemesk No.1 32 Awi Fagitalekoma Gisa
9 Dengemesk No.2 4 Awi Fagitalekoma Diseguri Siguri
Birakat Mesk Ka/Seham G/medihanea
10 9.4 Awi Fagitalekoma bre lem
11 Warki Mesk 3 Awi Fagitalekoma
Total Fagta Lakoma Wereda
Area 187.675 Awi Fagitalekoma
1 lemba bahir Shesh 299.473 S/Gonder Gonder lemba lemba

54
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
zuriya Arbaetu
Mitriha Mtiririha
Gonder Abewarik
2 321.456 S/Gonder zuriya a
Firiqua dengure Gonder firiqua
3 450 S/Gonder zuriya dengure firiqua
Sheha Gomen Gonder Sheha
4 200 S/Gonder zuriya Gomen Bulkaba
Total Gonder Zuria Wereda 1270.92 Gonder
Area 9 S/Gonder zuriya
1 Amba mesk 221 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Amba mesk
2 Mehalge 152 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Mehalge
3 Kibrail 102 S/Gonder Dembia Jangua Kibrail
4 Seraba/Teter 337.5 S/Gonder Dembia Seraba dabilo
5 Fenja Kebele 65 S/Gonder Dembia Fenja Barcha
Regregama Abalayina
ategicha,qaha.dej
6 165 S/Gonder Dembia Achera wegen
Yetana regreg Abalayina
ategicha,qaha.dej
7 280 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya wegen
Keretit Amiga, Keretit, Jara
8 Biwekitu wuha 150 S/Gonder Dembia D/Zuriya
Total Dembia Wereda
Area 1472.5 S/Gonder Dembia
Takusa Mekonte Mariamwuha,
Mariamwuha, Aykaga sebasaba,
1 sebasaba, gizatoka 55 S/Gonder gizatoka
Takusa Chemera Asrate and
Asrate and Ambaza Ambaza
2 Mektekecha 75 S/Gonder Mektekecha
3 Chegera and 50 S/Gonder Takusa Chanke Chegera and

55
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
Bebantos Beban Bebantos
Mich, Lenkuatit, Takusa Achera Mich, Lenkuatit,
4 Gedema,weyira 60 S/Gonder Gedema,weyira
Takusa Chach Sahel,Alewa,Tok
5 Alewa,Sahel. Chach 110 S/Gonder Alewa a
Meruh, Takusa Meruh,
6 Fantikura,Tibaga 40 S/Gonder Dekul Arba Fantikura,Tibaga
Takusa Arama
7 Demek and Abo 8 S/Gonder Liderkun Demek,Abo
8 Kima 1 S/Gonder Takusa sibisraqo Kima
Total
Area Takusa Wereda 399 S/Gonder Takusa
2 Gudera 202.95 W/Gojjam Sekela
B/Dar
3 wegelna gicha mento 590 W/Gojjam Zuriya Robit
B/Dar
4 chero, liblibo,Zalamit 482 W/Gojjam Zuriya wenjela
B/Dar
5 Abuach 719.5 W/Gojjam Zuriya Seblet
B/Dar
6 Amilko mesk 836 W/Gojjam Zuriya Lijimi
B/Dar
7 Ambo Meske 275.125 W/Gojjam Zuriya Debrenta
B/Dar
8 GrargoT, Zeleka 109 W/Gojjam Zuriya Deq
B/Dar
9 Lata Ambo 80 W/Gojjam Zuriya Lata Ambo
B/Dar
10 Gena Mesent 138 W/Gojjam Zuriya Gena Mesent
B/Dar
11 Liboli 61.75 W/Gojjam Zuriya Liboli
12 Lol 200 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Abasita

56
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
13 Weyra ber 5 W/Gojjam Mecha Tatek Gebere Fenti
Mecha Enashenifale
14 Qurit Bahir 2 W/Gojjam n Leyo
15 Asabila 8 W/Gojjam Mecha Avola/Gesher
Mecha Edigetbehibir
16 Biraqat 4 W/Gojjam et Birakat
17 Wesagnmesk 223 W/Gojjam Mecha ch/Genet Bulad
Qurit Mecha
Bahir,Bojed,Danbirar,
18 Monzir 81.5 W/Gojjam Qurit bahir Leqa,Angot,Gulit
Tined Wacho, Mecha
19 Achamote 13 W/Gojjam kudime wegel Agiz
20 Beke 4 W/Gojjam Mecha Kudime Bake
21 Anded,Kuses 1.75 W/Gojjam Mecha Enguti Werebti,Amarat
Yimaderi,Boli,Eleshia, Mecha Merymender,Lal
22 Haro 26 W/Gojjam Enamirit o,Haro
23 Kimalo 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha Bachima Abokabok
Biraqat, Mecha Efesa,Weleqa,A
24 Chikamewucha,kuna 4.6 W/Gojjam A/awuta wuTa,Elshia
Gudvale,Tiriki,bashent Mecha
25 a 3 W/Gojjam A/Aniba Jibjib,Gocha
Mecha Chencha
26 Dedebit 2 W/Gojjam A/Aniba mender
Baguri, Dengel, Mecha
Dengiamender,bamina Cheba
27 , Cheba mender 170.75 W/Gojjam Amarit Mender
Mecha Dagi
28 Quaranti 2 W/Gojjam Abyot Quarante
Mecha Dagi
29 welebi 3 W/Gojjam Abyot Welebi
qusquam,qorem,lendi, Mecha Cheba,
30 abegelo 18 W/Gojjam Rim Qusquam,

57
 Area(h Kebele
S/No Wetland Name a) Zone Woreda Gote
lendi,Abagol
a
31 Markudi 1 W/Gojjam Mecha Rim Chebamender
32 D266 1.5 W/Gojjam Mecha Fanahiwet
Mecha Leweshana,
33 Biraqat 2.5 W/Gojjam B/Chora qondela
Barkua,tomi,Chereche Mecha lhulusela wama,D/men
34 r,Kemenash 13.75 W/Gojjam m der,Tomita
35 Baymeda 20 W/Gojjam Mecha Z/ Birhan Barmeda
36 weremet 0.25 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weremet
37 Welomesk,Atengeria 20 W/Gojjam Mecha T/Terara Weletatiwele
Mecha weqiri,Gidol
38 Qortema,Ketemit 0.75 W/Gojjam Biraqat may
39 Gebre minich 0.125 W/Gojjam Mecha biraqat Tach Gadi
40 Goter,Sefeni 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha F/Birhan Biti,jibasra
Mecha barkua,
Minchiras,genbo,gelo, fata,gelo,Che
41 Shenkor 3.5 W/Gojjam Z/Hiwet fe
42 tach Libu 2.5 W/Gojjam Mecha mekeni tachlibu
Mecha mebeshi,aser
minchras, eta,gebremes
43 Ysewmesk,gebremesk 7 W/Gojjam tagel k
44 Cheqecheq 150 W/Gojjam Mecha addislidet addisgeb
Mecha ambomes
45 shinkurit 2 W/Gojjam k Debretsehay
Mecha ambomes
46 Alomeda 1 W/Gojjam k Kuaja abo
Mecha ambomes Kuajaghiorgi
47 Ander 3 W/Gojjam k s
Total 1003.22
area Mecha Wereda 5 W/Gojjam Mecha

58
Annex VIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Debub Gojjam sub basin

Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
1 Nefagn 8 Gojjam Machakel Gobata Akina Nefagn
East
2 Yedefas 10 Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Yedefas
East
3 Ayidem 8 Gojjam Machakel Yedefas Kul Debel
East
4 Gedesm 35 Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Yekebabit
East
5 Kuldebel 58 Gojjam Machakel Gira Kidamin Weyi Beyign
East
6 Qilabo 22 Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Minch
East
7 Ketem 30 Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Kuashiba
East
8 bediltin 4 Gojjam Machakel Minch Yeqest Zigma
East
9 Berenzima 20 Gojjam Machakel 6 Werqima Berenzima
East
10 Yeqest 40 Gojjam Machakel Mingu Yeqest
East
11 Yexiyat 80 Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Yexiyat
East Abebna
12 Muyibebyi 120 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Tinbirbra
East
13 Yegagas 80 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yegagas
East Yewlana
14 Yewus 236 Gojjam Machakel Yewla Yewebit
15 Dijil 120 East Machakel Qeqer Dijil

59
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam
East
16 Mehal Amba 150 Gojjam Machakel Kuashiba Mehal Amba
East
17 Yewebesh 60 Gojjam Machakel Amari Yewelesh
East
18 Belemin 60 Gojjam Machakel Belemin Belemin
East
19 Regreg ? Gojjam Machakel yewla Regreg
East
20 Yedefes Regreg 10 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yedefas
East
21 Ayidem Regreg 6 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Ayidem
East
22 Yeduhan Regreg 8 Gojjam Machakel Yedefis Yeduhan
East Amari
23 Meteqa Regreg ? Gojjam Machakel yewbish Meteqan
East
24 Temamagn Regreg 2 ? Gojjam Machakel Temamagn Temamagn
East
25 Gedelem Regregam 2 ? Gojjam Machakel Gira Qidamin Gedelem
Total East
area Mechakal Wereda 1165 Gojjam Machakel
East
1 ? 1 Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Tiwur
East
2 ? 4 Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Jebun
East
3 ? 188.8 Gojjam D/Elias Guyi Hamusin
East
4 ? 60 Gojjam D/Elias Gibtsawit Teshet Mesk
5 ? ? East D/Elias Yemizegn Teshet Mesk

60
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam
East
6 ? ? Gojjam D/Elias Yedenbesh Teshet Mesk
Total East
area D/Elias Wereda 253.8 Gojjam D/Elias
East Hulet Eju
1 Gedam Ganu 0.25 Gojjam Enese Addis Zemen Addis Zemen
East Hulet Eju
2 Boda 0.02 Gojjam Enese Hizibe Selam Boda
East Hulet Eju Webqen
3 Dewel 0.125 Gojjam Enese Charit Dewel
East Hulet Eju
4 Debeb 0.5 Gojjam Enese Godir Meda Debeb
East Hulet Eju
5 Ambo Mesk 0.5 Gojjam Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk
East Hulet Eju
6 Sholaw 0.025 Gojjam Enese Teji Bahr Ambo Mesk
East Hulet Eju
7 Lakech Wenz 1 Gojjam Enese Buha Geltima Laqech Wenz
East Hulet Eju
8 ZufanGot 0.5 Gojjam Enese Abyotu selam Zufan Got
East Hulet Eju
9 Tedima 2 0.25 Gojjam Enese Agere Birhan Tedima
East Hulet Eju bere
10 Bere Ayitegash 0.25 Gojjam Enese beza Bizuhan Ayitegash
East Hulet Eju
11 Matel 0.25 Gojjam Enese De/Selam Matel
East Hulet Eju
12 Gult Mesk 0.5 Gojjam Enese A/Mariam Gult Mesk
East Hulet Eju Shege
13 Ahiya Ejoch 1 Gojjam Enese Qeraniyo Ahiya Ejoch
14 Gibtsawit 0.25 East Hulet Eju Hiwote Selam Gibtsawit

61
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gojjam Enese
East Hulet Eju
15 Girggria 0.025 Gojjam Enese Selam Abebe Girgrit
Total Hulet Eju Enese East Hulet Eju
area Wereda 5.445 Gojjam Enese

East Shebel
1 Gulit Regregama bota ? Gojjam Berenta Gedayasu Gubit
East Shebel
2 Zeqort ? Gojjam Berenta Gedayasu Zeqort
East Shebel
3 Chergaga ? Gojjam Berenta Yeju Bayile Chergaga
East Shebel
4 Gonji ? Gojjam Berenta Yeju Bayile Gonji
Total Shebel Berenta East Shebel
area Wereda ??? Gojjam Berenta
Dasen;Shola;De/Moq East
1 moqa ? Gojjam Enemay Qeshemish ?
East
2 Ziya 0.25 Gojjam Enemay Dima ?
East
3 Goma ? Gojjam Enemay Ediget band ?
East
4 Yenischa Gubis 10 Gojjam Enemay Gotera ?
East
5 Gonga 0.12 Gojjam Enemay B/Debr ?
East 5 Beand
6 Anba Minch 0.0125 Gojjam Enemay Densa ?
Total 10.382 East
area Enemay Wereda 5 Gojjam Enemay
East
1 Demol 1 Gojjam Goncha Liso 3 ?

62
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
2 ? 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 5 ?
East
3 ? 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 8 ?
East
4 Ende Gon 2 Gojjam Goncha Liso 13 ?
East
5 Fofo 3 Gojjam Goncha Liso 18 ?
East
6 Tiwa;Qola;Qetema 3 Gojjam Goncha Liso 20 ?
East
7 Tsimot 6 Gojjam Goncha Liso 28 ?
East
8 Meqiten Gossa 1 Gojjam Goncha Liso 32 ?
Total East
area Goncha Liso Wereda 20 Gojjam Goncha Liso
East
1 Debre Medihanit 3.72 Gojjam Bibugn De/Medihanit ?
East
2 Digo qonta 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Digoquanta ?
East Bibugn
3 Bibugn G/Mariam 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn G/Mariam ?
East Fiqe Tor
4 Fiqetor Wadewon 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn waden ?
East
5 Arusi 0.75 Gojjam Bibugn Arusi ?
East Gena
6 Gena Memcha 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Memcha ?
East
7 Debrezeit Quchit 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn D/Zeit Quchit ?
East
8 Ded 0.5 Gojjam Bibugn Ded ?

63
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East Amba
9 Amaba Amarsa 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn Amarsa ?
East
10 Debre Tsion 0.25 Gojjam Bibugn Debre Tsion ?
Total East
area Bibugn Wereda 7.47 Gojjam Bibugn
East
1 Gurgor 2.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba ?
East
2 Kure 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Aratu amba Minch
East
3 Qetefetam 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem Qetefetam
East
4 Kure 0.1 Gojjam Baso Liben Yelemlem ?
East
5 Zeles 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Zeles
East
6 Yebuna 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol Yebuna
East
7 Birbir 0.065 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?
East
8 Yemekel 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Zenbol ?
East
9 Wentu 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
10 Jibat 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
11 Godebye 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
12 Aletin 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
13 Haro Debay 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?

64
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
14 Aba Muye 0.1 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
15 Debon 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
16 Mankelkay Jung 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
17 Jareyim 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben Chid Mariam ?
East
18 Addis Amba 2 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom Addis amba
East
19 Goto 0.5 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?
East
20 Bered Wass 1 Gojjam Baso Liben DinGom ?
East
21 Gundilmit 0.75 Gojjam Baso Liben Gundil Met ?
East
22 Dejat 0.25 Gojjam Baso Liben Dejat Dejat
East Yenischa
23 Yenischa Gubis 0.125 Gojjam Baso Liben Gubis Gidib Amba
East
24 Lechim Mar 3 Gojjam Baso Liben Lechim Mar ?
East
25 Yechebera 0.025 Gojjam Baso Liben Del Yechebera
East
26 Qomi Regreg 3.15 Gojjam Baso Liben Degel ?
Total East
area Baso Liben Wereda 16.69 Gojjam Baso Liben
East
1 Teterma 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
East
2 Densaw 1.25 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Emarit

65
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
3 Ziqre 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
East
4 Shuka 8.5 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel Gabcha
East
5 Shemu 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Giraram Giraram
East May
6 Damot 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam Yeweyan
East May
7 Argedif 0.2 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን
East May
8 Yebo 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን
East May
9 Yeberdin 1.5 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam የ ወያ ን
East Addis and
10 Manchire 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis
East Addis and
11 Aluta 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis
East Addis and
12 Kulech 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gulit Lay Addis
East
13 Sentera 3 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Sen Tera
East
14 Dibago 3.5 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa Dibago
East
15 Jema 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Jima
East
16 Set wuha 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Set wuha
East
17 Agafari 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala Agafari
East
18 Yemesge 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Yeboqila Yemesge

66
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
19 Delenta 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebrna Delenta
East
20 yebuna 0.125 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf yebuna
East
21 A/Amba 0.125 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf A/Amba
East
22 Chiwuqo 0.0625 Gojjam Gozamin Balarf Chiwuqo
East Weyinma
23 Denderam 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Denderam
East Weyinma Lomi
24 Lomi Matebiya 1 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Matebiya
East Weyinma
25 Yebrna 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Yebrna
East
26 Leqleqit 1.75 Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit Leqleqit
East
27 Arjina 4 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Arjina
East
28 Demashish 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Demashish
East
29 Yebo Megod 3 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo Yebo Megod
East
30 Geyima 6 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima
East
31 Wendiro 0.75 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wendiro
East
32 Bahr Dar 12 Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd Aset
East
33 Enerta 1473 Gojjam Gozamin Enerta
East
34 Yegagna 603 Gojjam Gozamin Yegagna

67
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
35 Wenqa 604 Gojjam Gozamin Wenqa
East
36 Yetijan 532 Gojjam Gozamin Yetijan
East
37 A/Guleta 1510 Gojjam Gozamin A/Guleta
East Weyinma
38 Weyinma Geram 600 Gojjam Gozamin Geram
East
39 Wudar 600 Gojjam Gozamin Wudar
East
40 Asab Abo 1254 Gojjam Gozamin Asab Abo
East
41 Leqleqit 208 Gojjam Gozamin Leqleqit
East
42 Chertekel 2000 Gojjam Gozamin Chertekel
East May
43 May Angetam 442 Gojjam Gozamin Angetam
East
44 Deledel 220 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel
East
45 Libanos 262 Gojjam Gozamin Libanos
East
46 Balezaf 451 Gojjam Gozamin Balezaf
East
47 Demba 19 Gojjam Gozamin Demba
East
48 Chimt 60 Gojjam Gozamin Chimt
East
49 Yebo 160 Gojjam Gozamin Yebo
East
50 Qebi 161 Gojjam Gozamin Qebi

68
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East
51 Deba Enese 7 Gojjam Gozamin Deba Enese
East
52 Chimberd 1810 Gojjam Gozamin Chimberd
East
53 Yenebir 390 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebir
East
54 Giraram 315 Gojjam Gozamin Giraram
East
55 Yebokla 530 Gojjam Gozamin Yebokla
East
56 Qegn Abo 175 Gojjam Gozamin Qegn Abo
East
57 Gedemala 152 Gojjam Gozamin Gedemala
East
58 Chiwuye 1.7 Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Chiwuye
East
59 Gult ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Gult
East
60 Yebul ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Yebuna
East
61 Addis ? Gojjam Gozamin Bebaleref Addis
East
62 Wenfitma 35 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Wenfitma
East
63 Geyima 15 Gojjam Gozamin Deledel Geyima
East
64 Dilenta 0.25 Gojjam Gozamin Yenebirna Dilenta
East Wetrn
65 Enerata Gojjam Gozamin Enerta Chemba
East
66 Addis and Gulit 0.5 Gojjam Gozamin Addis Gulit Addis

69
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
East Weyinma
67 Dendelem ? Gojjam Gozamin Gerim Dendelem
Total 14644. East
area Gozamin Wereda 46 Gojjam Gozamin
West
1 Gudera 80 Gojjam Jabitehnan

Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote

a
S.No (ha)
Tsimiki 4 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta
1 Shikudad Aguta
Tsarka 0.03 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta
2 Shikudad Aguta
Kali Gurari 0.5 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Wonjela
3 Shikudad Aguta
Wuslosa 0.25 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Wonjela
4 Shikudad Aguta
Bawi 0.03 Awi Guagusa Wonjela Aguta
5 Shikudad Aguta
Mayta 0.125 Awi Guagusa Absela Absela
6 Shikudad Warda
Bekimayta 0.5 Awi Guagusa Absela Absela
7 Shikudad Warda
Keteb 2 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Zagra
8 Shikudad surrounding
Engista/Awranta 4 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Zagra
9 Shikudad surrounding
Endandi 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Ashifa
10 Shikudad
Mendebay 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Ashifa
11 Shikudad
12 Shalegna 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem

70
 Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote
a
S.No (ha)
Shikudad
Lako 0.5 Awi Guagusa Ashifa Addis Alem
13 Shikudad
Belewendy 2 Awi Guagusa Zagra& its Shima
14 Shikudad surrounding
Armi 5 Awi Guagusa Chaba Zimsry
15 Shikudad Zimbre
Chary Afnasta 1 Awi Guagusa Chaba Debre
16 Shikudad Zimbre Genet
Achogy 4 Awi Guagusa Baguna Tach
17 Shikudad Baguna
Dankur 0.25 Awi Guagusa Adega Marita
18 Shikudad Guashta
Shemita 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Agza
19 Shikudad Agza Egziabhirab
20 Asidabo 2 Awi Guagusa Shikudad Tilili
Karnid 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Lay Menga
21 Shikudad Agza
Gosher 1 Awi Guagusa Askuna Lay Menga
22 Shikudad Agza
Gifta 0.5 Awi Guagusa Askuna Egziabhirab
23 Shikudad Agza
Total Guagusa Shikudad 31.185 Awi Guagusa
Area Wereda Shikudad
Dinbi 0.25 Huletu
1 Awi Ankesha Chaja G/Ghiorgis
2 Belges 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Dereb
3 Alemayehu Berfeze 15 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Zelen
4 Setsi 2 Awi Ankesha D/Dereb Bako
5 Yejert Wuha 3 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha
6 Ate wuha 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dingusha Dingusha
7 Afasha 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya

71
 Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote
a
S.No (ha)
8 Mara 0.75 Awi Ankesha Buya Buya
9 Temek 8 Awi Ankesha Buya Sehenti
10 Masra Got 20 Awi Ankesha Mesla Masra
11 Zegenta 3 Awi Ankesha Mesla Mesla
12 Armi 30 Awi Ankesha Jebele Sahusa
13 Shuma 80.75 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma
14 Chala 44 Awi Ankesha Jebele Shuma
15 Areme Shehata 8 Awi Ankesha Qonzena Finasech
16 Tach Dihali 28 Awi Ankesha Chaja Chaja
17 Ambo 1 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita
18 Burusha 2 Awi Ankesha Beyinagunsi Goshita
19 Mankuta 1.5 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Tenkusha
20 Temim 2 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja
21 Birinta 1 Awi Ankesha Manja/Ten Manja
22 Tampi Bahir 1 Awi Ankesha Ambela Ambela
23 Biliko 0.5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
24 Dibana Tambi 2 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
25 Basita Amba 5 Awi Ankesha Dgera Degera
26 Koda 12 Awi Ankesha Ambara Ambara
Bada 13 Chibachibas Chibachiba
27 Awi Ankesha a sa
Gimbil 3 Chibachibas
28 Awi Ankesha a Chara
Gozhgozh 2.5 Chibachibas
29 Awi Ankesha a Chara
Bahusti 15 Chibachibas
30 Awi Ankesha a Chara
31 Gode 25 Awi Ankesha segno Denbisi
32 Enjor 1.5 Awi Ankesha Segno Mocheger
33 Deret 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta
34 Afeshita 2.5 Awi Ankesha Tulta Tulta
35 Dihrits 1 Awi Ankesha Wu/Wunbri Tach

72
 Wetland Name Area Zone Wered Kebele Gote
a
S.No (ha)
wundigi
36 Amachena tiriba 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
37 Tach Jabela 1 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
38 Shenguch 2 Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
Betena Yegenet 1
39 Waleha Awi Ankesha Tiriba Jebela
40 Amba giorgis 1.5 Awi Ankesha Kupor T/Kupor
41 Tsahab 0.5 Awi Ankesha Bekafta Bekafta
Total Ankesha Wereda 361
Area Awi Ankesha

Wetland Name Area Wered

a
S.No (ha) Zone Kebele Gote
1 Washengara Chebere 12 Awi Zigem Aheti Sorit
2 Mesefina Gundebele 9 Awi Zigem Aheti Filem
3 Damotiho 1 Awi Zigem Akako Sariwi
4 Bahusit 4.25 Awi Zigem Akako Arja
5 Gisayita 10 Awi Zigem Gisayita Mengeha
6 Chifiqi 3.2 Awi Zigem gohanaj Chifqi
Total Zigem Wereda 39.45
Area Awi Zigem

73
Annex IX. Lists of wetlands found in the Fincha sub basin

Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay
1 Cheleleqa Gudru Chomen Genji;Haro
Horo Abbay
2 Qetala Gudru Chomen Qetala
Horo Abbay
3 Chama Wenz Gudru Chomen Genji;Qetela
Horo Abbay
4 Amert Gudru Chomen Denbel; Godele
Horo Abbay
5 Denje Gudru Chomen Qetela
Horo Abbay
6 Neshe Gudru Chomen Sendabo
Horo Abbay
7 Fincha Wenz Gudru Chomen Kolobena jere
Horo Abbay
8 Qemed Wenz Gudru Chomen Didibe Estana
Horo Abbay
9 Chomen Gudru Chomen Doyo Borso
Horo Abbay
10 Ado Gudru Chomen Didibe Estana
Horo Abbay
11 Abuna Total Gudru Chomen Bone Abuna
Horo Abbay
12 Denje 15000 Gudru Chomen Qent Chabr
Horo Abbay
13 Sheloko Gudru Chomen Ashaya;Dado
Horo Abbay
14 Lega Gonbo Gudru Chomen Guditu Jima

74
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay
15 Lega Belbela Gudru Chomen Berbela Borgo
Horo Abbay
16 Lega Goresu Gudru Chomen Berbela Borgo
Horo Abbay
17 Lega Wendo Gudru Chomen Charo Gonbo
Horo Abbay
18 Lega Jida Gudru Chomen Charo Gonbo
Horo Abbay
19 Gude Gonbo Gudru Chomen Le/Keya
Horo Abbay
20 Lega Dechasa Gudru Chomen Hunde Gudina
Horo Abbay
21 Gode Didimtu Gudru Chomen kelela Didimtu
Horo Abbay Joro Sreya
22 Chogo Gudru Chomen Tulununu
Horo Abbay
23 Molgo 10 Gudru Chomen Kolobo
Horo Abbay
24 Agus 36 Gudru Chomen Kolobo
Horo Abbay
25 Homi ? Gudru Chomen
Horo Abbay
26 Denje 34 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
27 Qebena 6 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
28 Debela 4 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
29 Gefere 5 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
30 Qorcha 6 Gudru Chomen Jere

75
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay
31 Rqicha 17 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
32 Solo 13 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
33 Melo 8 Gudru Chomen Jere
Horo Abbay
34 Chama 14 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele
Horo Abbay
35 Shibu 8 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele
Horo Abbay
36 Rqicha 65 Gudru Chomen Banji Qetele
Horo Abbay
37 Qemed Wenz 30 Gudru Chomen Duga Arbas
Horo Abbay
38 Wenbere 15 Gudru Chomen Duga Arbas
Horo Abbay
39 Melgo 11 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro
Horo Abbay
40 Cheleleqa 1.5 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro
Horo Abbay
41 Boye 8 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro
Horo Abbay
42 Hama Lega 4 Gudru Chomen Genji Haro
Horo Abbay
43 Boye 5 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere
Horo Abbay
44 Boka Shum 4 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere
Horo Abbay
45 Bachu 5 Gudru Chomen Genji Qere
Horo Abbay
46 Chama 21 Gudru Chomen Homi

76
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay
47 Boye 10 Gudru Chomen Hom
Horo Abbay
48 Meti 6 Gudru Chomen Denbel
Horo Abbay
49 Belechi 4 Gudru Chomen Denbel
Horo Abbay
50 Lega Deqe 6 Gudru Chomen Denbel
Horo Abbay
51 Chiqif 2 Gudru Chomen Denbel
Horo Abbay
52 Alat 6 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
53 Dengoro 5 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
54 Chimo 0.5 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
55 Beches 1 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
56 Fakaf 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
57 Qordana 1 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
58 Kombolcha 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
59 Qelbisa 9 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
60 Burchiw 2 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
61 Lega Anchote 6.25 Gudru Chomen Gudene
Horo Abbay
62 Lega Kuta Shimela 3 Gudru Chomen Dino

77
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay
63 Lega Wereda 2 Gudru Chomen Dino
Horo Abbay
64 Lega Wecha 4 Gudru Chomen Dino
Horo Abbay
65 Lega Abayo 6 Gudru Chomen Dino
Horo Abbay
66 Lega Cheb 4 Gudru Chomen Dino
Horo Abbay
67 Lega Qerano 1 Gudru Chomen Dino
Horo Abbay
68 Agemsa 4 Gudru Chomen Chenen
Horo Abbay
69 Kebeda 2 Gudru Chomen Chenen
Horo Abbay
70 Bebela 2 Gudru Chomen Chenen
Horo Abbay
71 Lega Tadesse 5 Gudru Chomen Chenen
Horo Abbay
72 Nale Wenz 10 Gudru Chomen Chenen
Horo Abbay Sendabo
73 Abbay Wenz 6 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
74 Chirgu 4 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
75 Wanale 4 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
76 Nemara 1 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
77 Seru 3 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
78 Qorsa 2 Gudru Chomen Dengoro

78
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Abbay Sendabo
79 Neshe 26 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay Sendabo
80 Dengoro 7 Gudru Chomen Dengoro
Horo Abbay
81 Melke 4 Gudru Chomen Bote
Horo Abbay
82 Buqe 4 Gudru Chomen Bote
Horo Abbay
83 Fiqe 1 Gudru Chomen Aleku
Horo Abbay
84 Gubn 6 Gudru Chomen Aleku
Horo Abbay
85 Gutin 4 Gudru Chomen Aleku
Horo Abbay
86 Ajer 1 Gudru Chomen Aleku
Horo Abbay
87 Baso wenz 10 Gudru Chomen Aleku
Horo Abbay
88 Yejim Wenz 5 Gudru Chomen Gutane
Horo Abbay
89 Welde 7 Gudru Chomen Achane
Horo Abbay
90 Fafa wena 6 Gudru Chomen Achane
Total Abbay Chomen 2037.2 Horo Abbay
Area Wereda 5 Gudru Chomen
Horo Jima
1 Chitu 40 Gudru Genete
Horo Jima
2 Buru;Bdidim 90 Gudru Genete Lelga Gombo
Horo Jima
3 Selen 10 Gudru Genete

79
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Horo Jima
4 Weyila 10 Gudru Genete
Horo Jima
5 Hunde Gudina 90 Gudru Genete Riqicha Sayil
Horo Jima
6 Charo Gobena 50 Gudru Genete Wendi
Horo Jima
7 Antet;Goraso;Wend ? Gudru Genete
Horo Jima
8 Damo Gembo 10 Gudru Genete Wilno
Total Horo Jima
Area Jima Genete Wereda 300 Gudru Genete
Horo
1 Sheloko 800 Gudru Horo A/Dado Sheleko
Horo
2 Chabir;Buluq 65 Gudru Horo Ada/Buluk Sekelena Buluk
Horo
3 Akuje Fincha 105 Gudru Horo Akeja Sabit Akeja Sabit

Chunqule;Abuna;Gu Horo
4 d Boqo;Foqa 45 Gudru Horo Gudina Atna Dinbe Abuna
Horo
5 Dehaba Dosh 37 Gudru Horo Lot Ano Amara Chiko
Horo
6 Gelebo Jebesa 450 Gudru Horo Doyo Beriso Deyona Bile
Horo
7 Heche;Abuna 105 Gudru Horo Bone Abuna Bene Muleta
Horo Ado;Kistana;Did
8 Ado;amerti 190 Gudru Horo De/Kistana ibe
Horo
9 Goda Chabr 140 Gudru Horo Je/Chabr Chabr
10 Chunqube 30 Horo Horo Je/Chabr Chabr

80
 Area
S/no Wetland Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Gudru
Horo
11 Qamadi 80 Gudru Horo Didibleq Didibe
Total Horo
Area Horo Wereda 2047 Gudru Horo
Jeremet;Senbokum; Horo
1 Gose ? Gudru J/Jirete
Horo
2 Degel;Chis ? Gudru
Horo
3 Lilo Welege ? Gudru Umuru
Horo
4 Abuna;Didibe;Sibet ? Gudru Horo
Horo Jima
5 Bebela ? Gudru Rare
Horo
6 Jera; Gembo ? Gudru
Horo
7 Chomen Rare ? Gudru Gudru

81
Annex X. Lists of wetlands found in the Beles sub basin

Wetland Area
S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Kebele 2
Mender Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender
1 134 1002 Metekel Pawe 134 131/132/134
Kebele 2
Mender Kebele 2 Mender
2 28/29 1498 Metekel Pawe 28/29 Kebele 2 Mender 28/29

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender

3 Mender 30 1980 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 30 5/6/30

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender

4 Mender 17 1308 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 17 8/9/17
Kebele 2
Mender Kebele 2 Mender Kebele 2 Mender
5 23/45 467 Metekel Pawe 23/45 9/10/23/45

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender

6 Mender 14 2971 Metekel Pawe Addis Zemen 14/15/16

Kebele 2
7 Mender 12 574 Metekel Pawe Debre Werq Kebele 2 Mender 11/12

Kebele 2 Kebele 1 mender 24

8 Mender 24 815 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 24 Segno gebya

Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender

9 Mender 21 2462 Metekel Pawe Addis beles 20/21/22

Kebele 2
10 Mender 26 485 Metekel Pawe Kebele 2 Mender 26 Kebele 2 Mender 26
Abat beles
kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender
11 Mender 1 2637 Metekel Pawe Abbat beles 01/02/51

82
 Wetland Area
S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
Medin
kebele 2
12 Mender 3 1605 Metekel Pawe Medin Kebele1 Mender 3/4
Mekane
Selam
Kebele 1 Kebele1 Mender
13 Mender 49 1032 Metekel Pawe Mekane Selam 10/11/46/49

Kebele 1 Kebele1 Mender

14 Mender 4 1655 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 4 2/3/4/5
Kebele 1
15 Mender 7 933 Metekel Pawe Kebele 1 Mender 7 Kebele1 Mender 6/7
Kebele 1
Mender Kebele 1 Mender Kebele1 Mender
16 127 171 Metekel Pawe 127 101/127
Kebele 1
Mender Kebele 1 Mender Kebele 1 Mender
17 104 547 Metekel Pawe 104 105/104
Pawe
18 Ketema 1205 Metekel Pawe Pawe ketema Pawe ketema
Felege
Selam
Kebele 2 Kebele 2 Mender
19 Mender 4 305 Metekel Pawe Felege Selam 4;Tena Tabiyaw
20 Almu 195 Metekel Pawe Almu Almu
Total Pawe
Area Wereda 23847 Metekel Pawe
1 Angata 15 Metekel Dangur Chamch Angata
2 Endalema 46 Metekel Dangur Burzhi Endalema
Total Dangur
Area Wereda 61 Metekel Dangur
1 Ayishanza ? Metekel Mandura Wedit ?

83
 Wetland Area
S/no Name (ha) Zone Wereda Kebele Gote
2 Mozaga ? Metekel Mandura Gumade ?
3 ? ? Metekel Guba All kebele ?
Eteshemo&
manasibu,
Gensegesa,&Begond
i, Chancho and
1 661.5 Wonbera &sanki

Annex XI. Lists of wetlands found in the DiDessa sub basin

Wetlands Area Wetlands Area

Woreda (ha) Woreda (ha)
Geera 3245 Sigima 4711
Gomma 2421 Didessa 649
Gumay 1029 Gechi 1577
Limu Seka 242 Borecha 416
Limu Kossa 1063 Bedelle 1350
Manna 1038 Dapo Hana 1233
Kerssa 5817 Chewaka 21
Setema 1861 Cora 1772
Seqa Degga 765
cheqorsa 4221 Meko 730
Sha sambbo 1403 Total 35564

Annex XII. Lists of wetlands found in the Dabus sub basin

Area of Area of
Woreda Wetlands Woreda Wetlands
Gimbi 2698 M/sibu 14650
Aira 1031 Jarso 2325
Gulliso 2218 B/Gambel 2559
B/cokorsa 1339 Kondala 1920
B/Dimajii 1944 beghi 4544
K/kara 3387 Assossa 2200
Najo 11410 Kamashi 1036

84
 Area of Area of
Woreda Wetlands Woreda Wetlands
Antillo 1040 Jimma
sayo 2839 Horro 510
Haula Gidami 6540
Galan 2080 Dale sadi 1880
Dale Lolo Qile 1385
Wabera 1060 Yamalgi
Gawo Watel 146
Qebbe 1280

Annex XIII. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Wetlands Area
Woreda (ha)
Adaa 27
Jeldu 5

Annex XIV. Lists of wetlands found in the Muger sub basin

Area of
Woreda wetlands(ha)
Meket 3
Dawunt 6.72
Gubalafto 39.25
Gidan 4.5

Annex XV. Lists of wetlands found in North Gojjam sub basin

wetlands
Woreda (ha)
Hulet ejunese 5.445
Shebel Berenta 3
Enemay 10.3825
Goncha
Sisoenese 20
38.8275

85