WHISKER BOX, CUMULATIVE

FREQUENCY. [94 marks]

The number of sick days taken by each employee in a company during a year was
recorded. The data was organized in a box and whisker diagram as shown below:

For this data, write down

1a. the minimum number of sick days taken during the year. [1 mark]

Markscheme
2 A1

[1 mark]

1b. the lower quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
6 A1

[1 mark]

1c. the median. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
8 A1

[1 mark]

1d. Paul claims that this box and whisker diagram can be used to infer that [2 marks]
the percentage of employees who took fewer than six sick days is
smaller than the percentage of employees who took more than eleven sick days.
State whether Paul is correct. Justify your answer.

Markscheme
EITHER
Each of these percentages represent approximately 25% of the employees.
R1

OR
The diagram is not explicit enough to show what is happening at the quartiles
regarding 6 and 11 / we do not have the data points R1

OR
Discrete data not clear how to interpret “fewer”. R1

THEN
Hence, Paul is not correct (OR no such inference can be made). A1

Note: Do not award R0A1.

[2 marks]

760
 A food scientist measures the weights of 760 potatoes taken from a single field
and the distribution of the weights is shown by the cumulative frequency curve
below.

2a. Find the number of potatoes in the sample with a weight of more than [2 marks]
200 grams.

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
760 − 420 = 340 (g) (M1)A1
[2 marks]

2b. Find the median weight. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
Median = 190 (g) A1
[1 mark]

2c. Find the lower quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
Lower quartile = 135 − 140 (g) A1
[1 mark]

2d. Find the upper quartile. [1 mark]

Markscheme
Upper quartile = 242 − 247 (g) A1
[1 mark]

2e. The weight of the smallest potato in the sample is 20 grams and the [2 marks]
weight of the largest is 400 grams.
Use the scale shown below to draw a box and whisker diagram showing the
distribution of the weights of the potatoes. You may assume there are no outliers.
 Markscheme
M1A1

Note: The M1 is for a box and whisker plot and the A1 for all 5 statistics in
the right places.
[2 marks]

A school consists of 740 students divided into 5 grade levels. The numbers of
students in each grade are shown in the table below.

The Principal of the school wishes to select a sample of 25 students. She wishes to
ensure that, as closely as possible, the proportion of the students from each grade
in the sample is the same as the proportions in the school.

3a. Calculate the number of grade 12 students who should be in the sample. [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
181
740
× 25 = 6. 11486 … M1(A1)
6 (students) A1
[3 marks]

3b. The Principal selects the students for the sample by asking those who [2 marks]
took part in a previous survey if they would like to take part in another.
She takes the first of those who reply positively, up to the maximum needed for
the sample.
State which two of the sampling methods listed below best describe the method
used.
Stratified Quota Convenience Systematic Simple random
 Markscheme
Quota and convenience A1A1
Note: Award A1A0 for one correct and one incorrect answer.
[2 marks]

At the end of a school day, the Headmaster conducted a survey asking students in
how many classes they had used the internet.
The data is shown in the following table.

4a. State whether the data is discrete or continuous. [1 mark]

Markscheme
discrete A1
[1 mark]

The mean number of classes in which a student used the internet is 2.

4b. Find the value of k. [4 marks]

Markscheme
24+60+3k+40+15+6
88+k
=2 M1A1

Note: Award M1 for substitution into the formula for the mean, award A1 for
a correct equation.
attempt to solve their equation (M1)
k = 31 A1
[4 marks]
4c. It was not possible to ask every person in the school, so the Headmaster [1 mark]
arranged the student names in alphabetical order and then asked every 10th
person on the list.
Identify the sampling technique used in the survey.

Markscheme
systematic A1
[1 mark]

The following box-and-whisker plot shows the number of text messages sent by
students in a school on a particular day.

5a. Find the value of the interquartile range. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
recognizing Q 1 or Q 3 (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg 4,11 , indicated on diagram
IQR = 7 A1 N2
[2 marks]

5b. One student sent k text messages, where k > 11 . Given that k is an [4 marks]
outlier, find the least value of k.
 Markscheme
recognizing the need to find 1.5 IQR (M1)
eg 1.5 × IQR, 1.5 × 7
valid approach to find k (M1)
eg 10.5 + 11, 1.5 × IQR + Q 3
21.5 (A1)
k = 22 A1 N3
Note: If no working shown, award N2 for an answer of 21.5.
[4 marks]

A group of 120 students sat a history exam. The cumulative frequency graph
shows the scores obtained by the students.

6a. Find the median of the scores obtained. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
75 A1

[1 mark]

The students were awarded a grade from 1 to 5, depending on the score obtained
in the exam. The number of students receiving each grade is shown in the
following table.

6b. Find an expression for a in terms of b. [2 marks]

Markscheme
recognition that all entries add up to 120 (M1)
a = 120 − 6 − 13 − 26 − b OR a = 75 − b A1

[2 marks]

The mean grade for these students is 3. 65.

6c. Find the number of students who obtained a grade 5. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
6×1+13×2+26×3+ ( 75−b ) ×4+b×5
120
= 3. 65 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for attempt to substitute into mean formula, LHS
expression is sufficient for the M mark. Award (A1) for correct substitutions in
one variable OR in two variables, followed by evidence of solving
simultaneously with a + b = 75.

(b =) 28 A1

[3 marks]

6d. Find the minimum score needed to obtain a grade 5. [2 marks]

Markscheme
120−their part (c)(i) seen (e.g. 92 indicated on graph) (M1)
84 A1

[2 marks]
 University students were surveyed and asked how many hours, h , they worked
each month. The results are shown in the following table.

Use the table to find the following values.

7a. p. [1 mark]

Markscheme
p = 10 (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct value.
[1 mark]

7b. q. [1 mark]

Markscheme
q = 56 (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct value.
[1 mark]
 The first five class intervals, indicated in the table, have been used to draw part of
a cumulative frequency curve as shown.

7c. On the same grid, complete the cumulative frequency curve for these [2 marks]
data.
 Markscheme

(A1)(A1)

(C2)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their 3 correctly plotted points; award (A1)(ft) for
completing diagram with a smooth curve through their points. The second
(A1)(ft) can follow through from incorrect points, provided the gradient of the
curve is never negative. Award (C2) for a completely correct smooth curve
that goes through the correct points.
[2 marks]

7d. Use the cumulative frequency curve to find an estimate for the number [2 marks]
of students who worked at most 35 hours per month.

Markscheme
a straight vertical line drawn at 35 (accept 35 ± 1) (M1)
26 (students) (A1) (C2)
Note: Accept values between 25 and 27 inclusive.
[2 marks]
 Deb used a thermometer to record the maximum daily temperature over ten
consecutive days. Her results, in degrees Celsius (°C), are shown below.
14, 15, 14, 11, 10, 9, 14, 15, 16, 13
For this data set, find the value of

8a. the mode. [1 mark]

Markscheme
14 A1
[1 mark]

8b. the mean. [2 marks]

Markscheme
14+15+…
10
(M1)
= 13. 1 A1
[2 marks]

8c. the standard deviation. [1 mark]

Markscheme
2. 21(2. 21133 …) A1
[1 mark]

Hafizah harvested 49 mangoes from her farm. The weights of the mangoes, w, in
grams, are shown in the following grouped frequency table.

9a. Write down the modal group for these data. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
400 ≤ w < 500 (A1) (C1)

Note: Accept alternative notation [400, 500) or [400, 500[.

Do not accept "400-500".

[1 mark]

9b. Use your graphic display calculator to find an estimate of the standard [2 marks]
deviation of the weights of mangoes from this harvest.

Markscheme
115 (115. 265 … (g)) (A2) (C2)

Note: Award (A1)(A0) for an answer of 116 (116. 459 …).

[2 marks]

9c. On the grid below, draw a histogram for the data in the table. [3 marks]
Markscheme

(A2)

(A1) (C3)

Note: Award (A2) for all correct heights of bars or (A1) for three or four
correct heights of bars.
Award (A1) for rectangular bars all with correct left and right end points (
100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600) and for no gaps; the bars do not have to
be shaded.
Award at most (A2)(A0) if a ruler is not used for all lines.

[3 marks]
 Anne-Marie planted four sunflowers in order of height, from shortest to tallest.

Flower C is 32 cm tall.
The median height of the flowers is 24 cm .

10a. Find the height of Flower B. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
32+h
24 − 8 OR 24 −(32 − 24) OR 24 = 2 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for subtracting 8 from the median, or equivalent.

16 (cm) (A1) (C2)

[2 marks]

The range of the heights is 50 cm . The height of Flower A is p cm and the height
of Flower D is q cm .

10b. Using this information, write down an equation in p and q. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
q − p = 50 (or equivalent) (A1) (C1)

[1 mark]

The mean height of the flowers is 27 cm .

10c. Write down a second equation in p and q. [1 mark]

Markscheme
p+16+32+q
4
= 27 OR p + q = 60 (or equvalent) (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[1 mark]

10d. Using your answers to parts (b) and (c), find the height of Flower A. [1 mark]

Markscheme
5 (cm) (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from parts (b) and (c).

[1 mark]

10e. Using your answers to parts (b) and (c), find the height of Flower D. [1 mark]
 Markscheme
55 (cm) (A1)(ft) (C1)

Note: Follow through from parts (b) and (c).

[1 mark]

Stephen was invited to perform a piano recital. In preparation for the event,
Stephen recorded the amount of time, in minutes, that he rehearsed each day for
the piano recital.
Stephen rehearsed for 32 days and data for all these days is displayed in the
following box-and-whisker diagram.

11a. Write down the median rehearsal time. [1 mark]

Markscheme
42 (minutes) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

Stephen states that he rehearsed on each of the 32 days.

11b. State whether Stephen is correct. Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks]
 Markscheme
Stephen is correct. (A1)
the minimum rehearsal time is greater than zero (R1)
OR
he rehearsed at least 20 minutes every day (R1) (C2)
Note: Do not award (A1)(R0). Accept equivalent reasoning based on the box-
and-whisker diagram.
[2 marks]

11c. Onk days, Stephen practiced exactly 24 minutes. [3 marks]

Find the possible values of k.

Markscheme
0, 2, 3, 4, … , 15 (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1)(A1) for each correct endpoint of the interval, (A1) for
indication of integer values, except 1, between their endpoints.
[3 marks]
 A health inspector analysed the amount of sugar in 500 different snacks prepared
in various school cafeterias. The collected data are shown in the following box-
and-whisker diagram.

Amount of sugar per snack in grams

12. The health inspector visits two school cafeterias. She inspects the same [2 marks]
number of meals at each cafeteria. The data is shown in the following
box-and-whisker diagrams.

Meals prepared in the school cafeterias are required to have less than 10 grams of
sugar.
State, giving a reason, which school cafeteria has more meals that do not meet
the requirement.

Markscheme
Cafeteria 2 (A1) (C1)
75 % > 50 % (do not meet the requirement) (R1) (C1)
OR
25 % < 50 % (meet the requirement) (R1) (C1)
Note: Do not award (A1)(R0). Award the (R1) for a correct comparison of
percentages for both cafeterias, which may be in words. The percentage
values or fractions must be seen. It is possible to award (A0)(R1).
[2 marks]
 Each month the number of days of rain in Cardiff is recorded.
The following data was collected over a period of 10 months.
11 13 8 11 8 7 8 14 x 15
For these data the median number of days of rain per month is 10.

13a. Find the value of x. [2 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
x+11
2 = 10 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into median formula or for
arranging all 9 values into ascending/descending order.
(x =) 9 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]

13b. Find the standard deviation [2 marks]

Markscheme
2.69 (2.69072…) (A2)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (a).

[2 marks]

13c. Find the interquartile range. [2 marks]

Markscheme
13 − 8 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 13 and 8 seen.
= 5 (A1)(ft) (C4)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
[2 marks]
 In a high school, 160 students completed a questionnaire which asked for the
number of people they are following on a social media website. The results were
recorded in the following box-and-whisker diagram.

The following incomplete table shows the distribution of the responses from these
160 students.

14. Write down the mid-interval value for the 100 < x ≤ 150 group. [1 mark]

Markscheme
125 (accept 125.5) (A1)
 The histogram shows the time, t, in minutes, that it takes the customers of a
restaurant to eat their lunch on one particular day. Each customer took less than
25 minutes.
The histogram is incomplete, and only shows data for 0 ≤ t < 20.

15a. Write down the mid-interval value for 10 ≤ t < 15. [1 mark]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
12.5 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

The mean time it took all customers to eat their lunch was estimated to be 12
minutes.
It was found that k customers took between 20 and 25 minutes to eat their lunch.

15b. Write down the total number of customers in terms of k. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
33 + k OR 10 + 8 + 5 + 10 + k (A1)
Note: Award (A1) for “number of customers = 33 + k”.
[1 mark]

A group of 20 students travelled to a gymnastics tournament together. Their ages,

in years, are given in the following table.

16a. For the students in this group write down the median age. [1 mark]

Markscheme
16.5 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]

The lower quartile of the ages is 16 and the upper quartile is 18.5.

16b. Draw a box-and-whisker diagram, for these students’ ages, on the [3 marks]
following grid.
 Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Award (A1) for correct endpoints, (A1) for correct quartiles, (A1)(ft)
for their median. Follow through from part (a)(ii), but only if median is between
16 and 18.5. If a horizontal line goes through the box, award at most (A1)(A1)
(A0). Award at most (A0)(A1)(A1) if a ruler has not been used.

[3 marks]

Adam is a beekeeper who collected data about monthly honey production in his
bee hives. The data for six of his hives is shown in the following table.

The relationship between the variables is modelled by the regression line with
equation P = aN + b.

17a. Write down the value of a and of b . [3 marks]

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
evidence of setup (M1)
egcorrect value for a or b
a = 6.96103, b = −454.805
a = 6.96, b = −455 (accept 6.96x − 455) A1A1 N3
[3 marks]
17b. Use this regression line to estimate the monthly honey production from [2 marks]
a hive that has 270 bees.

Markscheme
N = 270 into their equation
substituting (M1)
eg6.96(270) − 455
1424.67
P = 1420 (g) A1 N2
[2 marks]

Adam has 200 hives in total. He collects data on the monthly honey production of
all the hives. This data is shown in the following cumulative frequency graph.

Adam’s hives are labelled as low, regular or high production, as defined in the
following table.

17c. Write down the number of low production hives. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
40 (hives) A1 N1
[1 mark]

Adam knows that 128 of his hives have a regular production.

17d. Find the value of k; [3 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg128 + 40
168 hives have a production less than k (A1)
k = 1640 A1 N3
[3 marks]

17e. Find the number of hives that have a high production. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg200 − 168
32 (hives) A1 N2
[2 marks]

17f. Adam decides to increase the number of bees in each low production [3 marks]
hive. Research suggests that there is a probability of 0.75 that a low
production hive becomes a regular production hive. Calculate the probability that
30 low production hives become regular production hives.
 Markscheme
recognize binomial distribution (seen anywhere) (M1)

egX ∼ B(n, p), ( ) pr (1 − p)n−r

n
r
correct values (A1)
40
egn = 40 (check FT) and p = 0.75 and r = 30, ( ) 0.7530 (1 − 0.75)10
30
0.144364
0.144 A1 N2
[3 marks]

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