probabilidad [44 

marks]
1a. [1 mark]
The histogram shows the lengths of 25 metal rods, each measured correct to the nearest
cm.

Write down the modal length of the rods.

Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
3     (A1) (C1)
 
[1 mark]
1b. [2 marks]
160 students attend a dual language school in which the students are taught only in
Spanish or taught only in English.
A survey was conducted in order to analyse the number of students studying Biology or
Mathematics. The results are shown in the Venn diagram.
 
Set S represents those students who are taught in Spanish.
Set B represents those students who study Biology.
Set M represents those students who study Mathematics.
 
Find the number of students in the school that are taught in Spanish.

Markscheme
10 + 40 + 28 + 17      (M1)
= 95       (A1)(G2)
 
Note: Award (M1) for each correct sum (for example: 10 + 40 + 28 + 17) seen.
[2 marks]
1c. [2 marks]
Find the number of students in the school that study Mathematics in English.

Markscheme
20 + 12      (M1)
= 32       (A1)(G2)
 
Note: Award (M1) for each correct sum (for example: 10 + 40 + 28 + 17) seen.
[2 marks]
1d. [2 marks]
Find the number of students in the school that study both Biology and Mathematics.
Markscheme
12 + 40      (M1)
= 52       (A1)(G2)
 
Note: Award (M1) for each correct sum (for example: 10 + 40 + 28 + 17) seen.
[2 marks]
1e. [3 marks]
Find the median length of the rods.

Markscheme
median is 13th position      (M1)
CF: 2, 6, 14, 20, 23, 25       (M1)
median = 3      (A1) (C3)
 
[3 marks]
1f. [1 mark]

Write down n ( S ∩ ( M ∪ B ) ).
Markscheme
78      (A1)
 
[1 mark]
1g. [1 mark]

Write down n ( B ∩ M ∩ S′ ).

Markscheme
12      (A1)
 
[1 mark]
1h. [1 mark]
The upper quartile is 4 cm.
Calculate the lower quartile.

Markscheme
2.5       (A1) (C1)
 
Note: Award (A1)(ft) if the sum of their parts (c)(i) and (c)(ii) is 4.
 
[1 mark]
1i. [2 marks]
A student from the school is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student studies Mathematics.

Markscheme
100 5
( )
    ,0.625 , 62.5 %        (A1)(A1) (G2)
160 8

 
Note: Throughout part (c), award (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct
denominator. All answers must be probabilities to award (A1).
 
[2 marks]
1j. [2 marks]
Find the probability that this student studies neither Biology nor Mathematics.

Markscheme

  (
42 21
160 80 )
,0.263 ( 0.2625 ) , 26.3%  ( 26.25 %  )       (A1)(A1) (G2)
 
Note: Throughout part (c), award (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct
denominator. All answers must be probabilities to award (A1).
 
[2 marks]
1k. [1 mark]
Calculate the interquartile range.

Markscheme
1.5       (A1)(ft)  (C1)
 
Note: Award (A1)(ft) if the sum of their parts (c)(i) and (c)(ii) is 4.
 
[1 mark]
1l. [2 marks]
Find the probability that this student is taught in Spanish, given that the student studies
Biology.

Markscheme
50 5
( )
  ,0.714 ( 0.714285… ) , 71.4 %  ( 71.4285 … %  )      (A1)(A1) (G2)
70 7
 
Note: Throughout part (c), award (A1) for correct numerator, (A1) for correct
denominator. All answers must be probabilities to award (A1).
 
[2 marks]
2a. [2 marks]
In a group of 35 students, some take art class (A) and some take music class (M). 5 of
these students do not take either class. This information is shown in the following Venn
diagram.

Write down the number of students in the group who take art class.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
valid approach      (M1)
17
( A ∩ M ′ ) + ( A ∩ M ),   35 ,   11 + 6

number of students taking art class = 17        A1 N2

 
[2 marks]
2b. [2 marks]
One student from the group is chosen at random. Find the probability that
the student does not take art class.

Markscheme
valid approach      (M1)
13 + 5,   35 − 17,   18,   1 − P(A)
0.514285
18
P(A') =    (exact), 0.514         A1 N2
35
 
[2 marks]
2c. [2 marks]
the student takes either art class or music class, but not both.

Markscheme
valid approach      (M1)
11 + 13,   35 − 6 − 5,   24
0.685714
24
P(A or M but not both) =    (exact), 0.686         A1 N2
35
 
[2 marks]
3a. [2 marks]
Rosewood College has 120 students. The students can join the sports club ( S) and the
music club ( M ).
For a student chosen at random from these 120, the probability that they joined both clubs
1 1
is and the probability that they joined the music club is .
4 3
There are 20 students that did not join either club.
Complete the Venn diagram for these students.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.

     (A1)(A1)    
(C2)
 
Note:     Award (A1) for 30 in correct area, (A1) for 60 and 10 in the correct areas.
 
[2 marks]
3b. [2 marks]
One of the students who joined the sports club is chosen at random. Find the probability
that this student joined both clubs.
Markscheme
30 1
90 3( )
, 0.333333 … ,33.3333 … %     (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)     (C2)

 
Note:     Award (A1)(ft) for correct numerator of 30, (A1)(ft) for correct denominator of
90. Follow through from their Venn diagram.
 
[2 marks]
3c. [2 marks]
Determine whether the events S and M are independent.

Markscheme
3 1 1
P( S)× P( M )= × =     (R1)
4 3 4
 
 1
Note:     Award (R1) for multiplying their by .
3
 

(
therefore the events are independent as P(S ∩ M )=
1
4 )
    (A1)(ft)     (C2)

 
Note:     Award (R1)(A1)(ft) for an answer which is consistent with their Venn diagram.
Do not award (R0)(A1)(ft).
Do not award final (A1) if P( S)× P( M ) is not calculated. Follow through from part (a).
 
[2 marks]
4a. [2 marks]
In a group of 20 girls, 13 take history and 8 take economics. Three girls take both history
and economics, as shown in the following Venn diagram. The values p and q represent
numbers of girls.

Find the value of p;

Markscheme
valid approach     (M1)
eg p+3=13 ,13 −3
p=10     A1     N2
[2 marks]
4b. [2 marks]
Find the value of q .

Markscheme
valid approach     (M1)
eg p+3+5+ q=20 ,10 −10 − 8
q=2     A1     N2
[2 marks]
4c. [2 marks]
A girl is selected at random. Find the probability that she takes economics but not history.

Markscheme
valid approach     (M1)
 15
eg 20 − p −q − 3 , 1− , n( E ∩ H ′ )=5
20

()
5 1
20 4
    A1     N2

[2 marks]
5a. [3 marks]
The following Venn diagram shows the events A and B, where P( A)=0.4 , P (A ∪B)=0.8
and P( A ∩ B)=0.1. The values p and q are probabilities.

(i)     Write down the value of q .

(ii)     Find the value of p.
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain minor differences
in marking or structure.
(i)     q=0.1      A1     N1
(ii)     appropriate approach     (M1)
eg P( A) −q , 0.4 − 0.1
p=0.3    A1     N2
[3 marks]
5b. [3 marks]
Find P( B).
Markscheme
valid approach     (M1)

eg P( A ∪ B)=P( A)+ P(B) − P( A ∩ B) , P( A ∩ B)+ P( B∩ A ′ )

correct values     (A1)
eg 0.8=0.4+ P( B)−0.1 , 0.1+ 0.4
P( B)=0.5    A1     N2
[3 marks]

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