Studies 2016 May P1 [88 marks]

1a. [3 marks]
The probability that Nikita wins a tennis match depends on the surface of the tennis court
on which she is playing. The probability that she plays on a grass court is 0.4 . The
probability that Nikita wins on a grass court is 0.35 . The probability that Nikita wins when
the court is not grass is 0.25 .
Complete the following tree diagram.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)
(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct entry.
[3 marks]
1b. [3 marks]
Find the probability that Nikita wins a match.
Markscheme
0.4 × 0.35+0.6 × 0.25 (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for two correct products from their tree diagram seen, and (M1) for
the addition of their products.

¿ 0.29 (A1)(ft) (C3)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

[3 marks]
2a. [1 mark]
The manager of a travel agency surveyed 1200 travellers. She wanted to find out
whether there was a relationship between a traveller’s age and their preferred destination.
The travellers were asked to complete the following survey.
A χ ❑2 test was carried out, at the 5 % significance level, on the data collected.
Write down the null hypothesis.

Markscheme
age and preferred destination are independent (A1) (C1)
Note: Accept there is no association between preferred destination and age. Accept not
dependent. Do not accept “not related” or “not correlated” or “influenced”.
2b. [2 marks]
Find the number of degrees of freedom.
Markscheme
(4 −1)×(5 −1) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 3 and 4 (4 −1 and 5 −1) seen.
¿ 12 (A1) (C2)
2c. [1 mark]
The critical value of this χ ❑2 test is 21.026.

Use this information to write down the values of the χ ❑2 statistic for which the null
hypothesis is rejected.

Markscheme
2
χ ❑c a l c > 21.026 OR (21.026 , ∞) OR ¿ 21.026 , ∞ ¿ (A1) (C1)
2 2
Note: Do not accept χ ❑c a l c > χ ❑c r i t without numerical value.

2d. [2 marks]
From the travellers taking part in the survey, 285 were 61 years or older and 420 preferred
Tokyo.
Calculate the expected number of travellers who preferred Tokyo and were 61 years or
older.
Markscheme
285
×
420
1200 1200
× 1200 (
285 ×420
1200 ) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into correct formula.

¿ 99.8 (99.75) (A1) (C2)
3a. [1 mark]
Consider the function f ( x)=a x 2+ c.

Find f ′ ( x)

Markscheme
2a x (A1) (C1)
Note: Award (A1) for 2 a x . Award (A0) if other terms are seen.
3b. [3 marks]
Point A(− 2 ,5) lies on the graph of y=f (x ) . The gradient of the tangent to this graph at A
is −6 .
Find the value of a .
Markscheme
2 a(− 2)=−6 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of x=− 2 in their gradient function, (M1) for
equating their gradient function to −6 . Follow through from part (a).
¿ (A1)(ft) (C3)
3c. [2 marks]
Find the value of c .

Markscheme
their 1.5 ׿ (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their a and point A . Follow through from part
(b).
¿ (A1)(ft) (C2)
4a. [3 marks]
In this question give all answers correct to two decimal places.
Diogo deposited 8000 Argentine pesos, ARS, in a bank account which pays a nominal
annual interest rate of 15 % , compounded monthly.
Find how much interest Diogo has earned after 2 years.

Markscheme
The first time an answer is not given to two decimal places the final (A1) is not
awarded.

( )
2× 12
15
F V =8000 × 1+ ( F V =8000 ×(1.0125)2× 12) (M1)(A1)
100 ×12

OR

( )
2 ×12
15
I =8000 × 1+ − 8000 (M1)(A1)
100× 12

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into compound interest formula, (A1) for correct
substitutions.
OR
N=24
I %=15
P V =− 8000
P M T =0
(F V =10778.8084)
P/Y =12
C /Y =12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C /Y =12 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries. F V =10778.8084
need not be seen.
OR
N=2
I %=15
P V =− 8000
P M T =0
(F V =10778.8084)
P/Y =1
C /Y =12 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for C /Y =12 seen, (M1) for all other correct entries. F V =10778.8084
need not be seen.
interest ¿ 2778.81 (A1) (C3)
Note: Final answer must be to two decimal places for the (A1) to be awarded.

4b. [3 marks]
Carmen also deposited ARS in a bank account. Her account pays a nominal annual interest
rate of 17 % , compounded yearly. After three years, the total amount in Carmen’s
account is 10 000 ARS .
Find the amount that Carmen deposited in the bank account.
Markscheme
N=3
I %=17
(P V =± 6243.705564)
P M T =0
(F V =∓ 10 000)
P/Y =1
C /Y =1 (A1)(M1)
Note: Award (A1) for F V =∓ 10 000, (M1) for all other correct entries. P V =± 6243.705564
need not be seen.
OR

( )
3
17
10 000=P V × 1+ (M1)(A1)
100

Note: Award (M1) for substituting into compound interest formula, (A1) for equating
10 000 to the correctly substituted compounded interest formula.
¿ (A1) (C3)
Note: Answer must be to two decimal places.
5a. [2 marks]
The golden ratio, r , was considered by the Ancient Greeks to be the perfect ratio
1+ √5
between the lengths of two adjacent sides of a rectangle. The exact value of r is .
2
Write down the value of r
i) correct to 5 significant figures;
ii) correct to 2 decimal places.

Markscheme
i) 1.6180 (A1)
ii) 1.62 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from part (a)(i).
5b. [1 mark]
Phidias is designing rectangular windows with adjacent sides of length x metres and y
metres. The area of each window is 1 m2.
Write down an equation to describe this information.
Markscheme
x y=1 (A1) (C1)
5c. [1 mark]
Phidias designs the windows so that the ratio between the longer side, y , and the
shorter side, x , is the golden ratio, r .
Write down an equation in y , x and r to describe this information.

Markscheme
=r OR y = 1+ √ 5 OR equivalent
y
(A1) (C1)
x x 2
y
Note: Accept =¿ their part (a)(i) or (a)(ii).
x
5d. [2 marks]
Find the value of x .
Markscheme
x r =1 or eqivalent (M1)
2

x=0.786 (0.78615 . ..) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Award (M1) for substituting their part (c) into their equation from part (b). Follow
through from parts (a), (b) and (c). Use of r =1.62 gives 0.785674 .. .
6a. [2 marks]
A population of 200 rabbits was introduced to an island. One week later the number
of rabbits was 210. The number of rabbits, N , can be modelled by the function
t
N (t )=200 ×b , t ≥ 0 ,
where t is the time, in weeks, since the rabbits were introduced to the island.
Find the value of b .
Markscheme
210=200 ×b
1
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into equation.
¿ (A1) (C2)
6b. [2 marks]
Calculate the number of rabbits on the island after 10 weeks.

Markscheme
200 ×1.05
10
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into formula. Follow through from part (a).
¿ 325 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: The answer must be an integer.
6c. [2 marks]
An ecologist estimates that the island has enough food to support a maximum population
of 1000 rabbits.
Calculate the number of weeks it takes for the rabbit population to reach this maximum.
Markscheme
t
200 ×1.05 =1000 (M1)
t=33.0(32.9869 . . .) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for setting up the equation. Accept alternative methods such
log (5)
as t= , or a sketch of y=200× 1.05t and y=1000 with indication of point of
log (1.05)
intersection. Follow through from (a).
7a. [3 marks]
A company sells fruit juices in cylindrical cans, each of which has a volume of 340 c m3 . The
surface area of a can is A c m2 and is given by the formula
2 680
A=2 π r + ,
r
where r is the radius of the can, in cm .
To reduce the cost of a can, its surface area must be minimized.
dA
Find
dr
Markscheme

( ddAr )=4 π r − 680r

2 (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)

1
Note: Award (A1) for 4 π r (accept 12.6 r ), (A1) for −680 , (A1) for 2 or r
−2
r
Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if additional terms are seen.
7b. [3 marks]
Calculate the value of r that minimizes the surface area of a can.
Markscheme
680
4πr− 2
=0 (M1)
r
dA
Note: Award (M1) for equating their to zero.
dr
3
4 π r −680=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for initial correct rearrangement of the equation. This may be assumed
3
if r =
680
4π
or r =
√
3 680

4π
seen.

OR
sketch of A with some indication of minimum point (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for sketch of A , (M1) for indication of minimum point.
OR
dA
sketch of with some indication of zero (M1)(M1)
dr
dA
Note: Award (M1) for sketch of , (M1) for indication of zero.
dr
¿ (A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
8a. [2 marks]
Temi’s sailing boat has a sail in the shape of a right-angled triangle, ABC . BC =5.45 m,
angle CAB=76 o and angle ABC=90 o.
Calculate AC , the height of Temi’s sail.

Markscheme
Units are required in parts (a) and (b).
o 5.45
sin 76 = (M1)
AC
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into correct trig formula.
AC=5.62 m(¿ 5.61684 . . . m) (A1) (C2)
Note: The answer is 5.62 m, the units are required.
[2 marks]
8b. [2 marks]

William also has a sailing boat with a sail in the shape of a right-angled triangle, TRS .
RS=2.80 m . The area of William’s sail is 10 .7 m2.
Calculate RT , the height of William’s sail.

Markscheme
1
×2.80 × RT =10 .7 (M1)
2
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into area of a triangle formula or equivalent.
RT =7 .64 m(7 .64285 . .. m) (A1) (C2)
Note: The answer is 7 .64 m , the units are required.
[2 marks]
9a. [1 mark]
In a school 160 students sat a mathematics examination. Their scores, given as marks out of
90, are summarized on the cumulative frequency diagram.
Write down the median score.

Markscheme
48 (A1) (C1)
9b. [2 marks]
The lower quartile of these scores is 40.
Find the interquartile range.

Markscheme
58 − 40 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for 58 and 40 seen.
¿ 18 (A1) (C2)
9c. [3 marks]
The lowest score was 6 marks and the highest score was 90 marks.
Draw a box-and-whisker diagram on the grid below to represent the students’ examination
scores.
Markscheme

(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for the correct maximum and minimum, (A1)(ft) for their correct
median and (A1)(ft) for 40 and their upper quartile.
Follow through from parts (a) and (b).
Award a maximum of (A1)(A1)(ft)(A0) if the horizontal line goes through the box or if a
ruler has clearly not been used.
10a. [4 marks]
FreshWave brand tuna is sold in cans that are in the shape of a cuboid with length 8 cm ,
width 5 cm and height 3 .5 cm. HappyFin brand tuna is sold in cans that are cylindrical with
diameter 7 cm and height 4 cm.
Find the volume, in c m3, of a can of
i) FreshWave tuna;
ii) HappyFin tuna.

Markscheme
i) 8 ×5 × 3.5 (M1)
¿ 140 (A1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in volume formula.

ii) π ×3.52 ×4 (M1)

¿ 154 (153.938 .. . , 49 π) (A1) (C4)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution in volume formula.

10b. [2 marks]
The price of tuna per c m3 is the same for each brand. A can of FreshWave tuna costs 90
cents.
Calculate the price, in cents, of a can of HappyFin tuna.

Markscheme
90 ×their 154
(M1)
their 140
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying the given 90 by their part (a)(ii) and dividing by their
part (a)(i). Follow through from (a). Accept correct alternative methods.
¿ 99 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Award a maximum of (M1)(A0) if the final answer is not an integer.
11a. [2 marks]
Consider the following statements
z : x is an integer
q : x is a rational number
r : x is a real number.
i) Write down, in words, ¬ q.
ii) Write down a value for x such that the statement ¬ q is true.
Markscheme
i) x is not a rational number (A1)
Note: Accept “ x is an irrational number”.

ii) any non-rational number (for example: π , √ 2, …) (A1) (C2)

11b. [3 marks]
Write the following argument in symbolic form:
“If x is a real number and x is not a rational number, then x is not an integer”.

Markscheme
(r ∧¬ q)⇒ ¬ z (A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
Note: Award (A1) for “⇒” seen, (A1) for “¬ z ” as the consequent and (A1) for “(r ∧¬ q)” or “
(¬ q ∧r )” as the antecedent (the parentheses are required).
11c. [1 mark]
Phoebe states that the argument in part (b) can be shown to be valid, without the need of a
truth table.
Justify Phoebe’s statement.
Markscheme
all integers are rational numbers (and therefore x cannot be an integer if it is not a rational
number) (R1)
Note: Accept equivalent expressions.
OR
if x is an integer, then x is a rational number, therefore if x is not a rational number, then x
is not an integer (contrapositive) (R1) (C1)
Note: Accept “If x is not in Q , then x is not in Z ” with a Venn diagram showing R , Q and Z
correctly.
12a. [2 marks]
One of the locations in the 2016 Olympic Games is an amphitheatre. The number of seats in
the first row of the amphitheatre, u1 , is 240. The number of seats in each subsequent
row forms an arithmetic sequence. The number of seats in the sixth row, u6 , is 270.
Calculate the value of the common difference, d .

Markscheme
270=240+d (6 − 1) (M1)
OR
270 −240
d= (M1)
5
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the arithmetic sequence formula.
¿ (A1) (C2)
12b. [2 marks]
There are 20 rows in the amphitheatre.
Find the total number of seats in the amphitheatre.
Markscheme
20
[2 ×240+ 19× their d ] (M1)
2
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into sum of an arithmetic sequence.
OR
u20=354

20
S20= [240+354] (M1)
2
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into sum of an arithmetic sequence.
OR
adding 20 terms consistent with their d (M1)
¿ 5940 (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from (a).
12c. [2 marks]
Anisha visits the amphitheatre. She estimates that the amphitheatre has 6500 seats.
Calculate the percentage error in Anisha’s estimate.
Markscheme

|65005940
−5940
|×100 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into percentage error formula.
¿ 9.43(%)(9.42760 . . .) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from (b).

13a. [2 marks]
The equation of line L1 is y=2.5 x +k . Point A (3 , −2) lies on L1.
Find the value of k .

Markscheme
−2=2.5 ×3+ k (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of (3 , −2) into equation of L1.
¿ (A1) (C2)
13b. [1 mark]
The line L2 is perpendicular to L1 and intersects L1 at point A .

Write down the gradient of L2.

Markscheme

( 25 )
− 0.4 − (A1) (C1)

13c. [2 marks]
Find the equation of L2. Give your answer in the form y=m x +c .

Markscheme
y −(−2)=−0.4 (x −3) (M1)
OR
−2=−0.4 (3)+c (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their gradient and given point substituted into equation of a straight
line. Follow through from part (b).

y=− 0.4 x −0.8 ( y =− 25 x − 45 ) (A1)(ft) (C2)

13d. [1 mark]
Write your answer to part (c) in the form a x +b y +d =0 where a , b and d ∈ Z .
Markscheme
2 x+5 y + 4=0 (or any integer multiple) (A1)(ft) (C1)
Note: Follow through from part (c).
14a. [1 mark]
The lifetime, L , of light bulbs made by a company follows a normal distribution.
L is measured in hours. The normal distribution curve of L is shown below.

Write down the mean lifetime of the light bulbs.

Markscheme
5800 (A1) (C1)
14b. [2 marks]
The standard deviation of the lifetime of the light bulbs is 850 hours.
Find the probability that 5000 ≤ L ≤ 6000 , for a randomly chosen light bulb.

Markscheme
0.420(0.419703 .. .) (A2)(ft) (C2)
14c. [3 marks]
The company states that 90 % of the light bulbs have a lifetime of at least k hours.
Find the value of k . Give your answer correct to the nearest hundred.

Markscheme
4710.68 . . . (A2)(ft)
¿ 4700 (A1)(ft) (C3)

15a. [2 marks]
In this question give all answers correct to the nearest whole number.
Loic travelled from China to Brazil. At the airport he exchanged 3100 Chinese Yuan, CNY ,
to Brazilian Real, BRL, at an exchange rate of 1 CNY =0.3871 BRL.
No commission was charged.
Calculate the amount of BRL he received.
Markscheme
3100 ×0.3871 (M1)
¿ 1200 (A1) (C2)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplication by 0.3871. Answer must be an integer for the (A1) to
be awarded.
15b. [4 marks]
When he returned to China, Loic changed his remaining BRL at a bank. The exchange
rate at the bank was 1 CNY =0.3756 BRL and a commission of 5 % was charged. He
received 285 CNY .
i) Calculate the amount of CNY Loic would have received if no commission was charged.
ii) Calculate the amount of BRL Loic exchanged when he returned to China.
Markscheme
285
i) (M1)
0.95
¿ 300 (A1)
Note: Award (M1) for division by 0.95 . Answer must be an integer for the (A1) to be
awarded.

ii) their 300 ×0.3756 (M1)

¿ 113 (A1)(ft) (C4)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their answer to part (b)(i) by 0.3756 . Follow through
from part (b)(i). Answer must be an integer.

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