Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.

DME

THEORY
 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

Revisions history
Changed Revised Checked Approved
Date Changed contents Mark
page by by by
June 9, 2014 - Issued S.Kazama H.Shimomaki K.Fujibayashi -

January 26, 42 Addition of Item K. Yoshida Y. Saito Y. Nakagawa A

2016 1.2.7 NAV panel
(Option)

April 07, 14,6 Updated Figure 1.1-1 N. Oomori Y. Saito Y. Nakagawa B

2017 Added option Item

September 11, 3,Last Changed directive N. Oomori Y. Saito Y. Nakagawa C

2017 page Deleted CE Marking
Added DoC
 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

THEORY

Table of contents

1.1 DME concept............................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 DME overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1.2 System configuration............................................................................................................................ 4

1.1.2.1 Short block diagram ............................................................................................................................. 4

1.1.2.2 Standard configuration ......................................................................................................................... 5

1.1.2.3 Options and variations .......................................................................................................................... 6

1.1.3 Technical data ....................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 7

1.1.3.2 Environmental conditions..................................................................................................................... 7

1.1.3.3 Transmitting characteristics.................................................................................................................. 8

1.1.3.4 Receiving characteristics ...................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.3.5 Monitor system characteristics and alarm threshold ............................................................................ 9

1.1.3.6 Control and monitor ........................................................................................................................... 10

1.1.4 Equipment outline view.......................................................................................................................11

1.2 DME SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................... 13

1.2.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................ 13

1.2.1.1 Communication information between DME station and aircraft in flight .......................................... 13

1.2.1.1.1 ID code of DME station ................................................................................................................. 15

1.2.1.1.2 Distance from DME station ............................................................................................................ 15

1.2.1.1.3 Priority of information element at DME station............................................................................. 18

1.2.1.1.4 Duty cycle ...................................................................................................................................... 18

1.2.1.1.5 Characteristics of DME signals ...................................................................................................... 19

1.2.1.1.6 DME frequencies allocated to high and low bands ........................................................................ 19

1.2.1.2 Monitoring function ........................................................................................................................... 20

1.2.2 Monitor and Changeover .................................................................................................................... 21

1.2.2.1 CONT Unit ......................................................................................................................................... 22

1.2.2.2 MON Unit .......................................................................................................................................... 31

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.3 Transponder ........................................................................................................................................ 34

1.2.3.1 TRX Unit ............................................................................................................................................ 35

1.2.3.2 HPA Unit ............................................................................................................................................ 37

1.2.3.3 DC Unit .............................................................................................................................................. 38

1.2.3.4 PRE-SELECTOR ............................................................................................................................... 38

1.2.4 Power supply system .......................................................................................................................... 39

1.2.5 LCD Unit ............................................................................................................................................ 40

1.2.6 RCMS ................................................................................................................................................. 42

1.2.7 Reliability Data .................................................................................................................................. 43

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.1DME concept
1.1.1 DME overview
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) is one of the short range NAVAIDs providing accurate distance
information from the station on the ground to aircraft. (See Figure 1.1.1-1)
In general, DME is used solely, or in conjunction with VOR or ILS to support flights on airways and
approach/departure in the airport area. In some cases, DMEs used to support approach/departure in airport
areas are referred to as T-DME (Terminal DME), however its operating system is identical to that of standard
DME except for the case that the operating requirements in the effective range are different.
The DME system is comprised of an airborne unit (interrogator) and ground equipment (transponder). The
ground equipment receives the interrogation pulses from the airborne unit and transmits the synchronized
response pulses.
The airborne unit measures the time difference between the moment the interrogation pulse was sent and the
moment the response pulse was received to obtain the distance information. (See Figure 1.1.1-2)
The operating frequency of DME is a frequency allocated from the range of 960MHz to 1215MHz and a
vertically polarized wave is utilized.
In addition to distance information signals, ID signals are also transmitted to aircraft. In general, the ID signal
is used after being received from VOR, etc., however it can be generated within DME when it is not received.
It is also selectable to provide ID signals from DME to VOR, etc.

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Figure 1.1.1-1 DVOR/DME

Interrogation
質問パルス pulse Receive pulse
(Transmission pulse) 受信パルス
（送信パルス）

Airborne
機上装置unit
Response pulse
応答パルス
Receive受信パルス
pulse (Trans mission pulse)
（送信パルス） C: Velocity of light (NM/s)
R: Distance from airborne unit
Ground equipment
地上装置 to ground equipment (NM)
R 50μs R T: Time duration between
C C interrogation and receive
(System delay time)
（システムディレイ時間） pulses (μs)
T= 2R + 50μs
C

When system delay time is 50μs : X mode

When system delay time is 56μs : Y mode
Figure 1.1.1-2 Time line chart - interrogation and response pulses (X mode)

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The features of Toshiba’s DME are as follows:

(1)Dual configured transponder and power supply system ensure continuous operations by automatically
switching the system in operation to another one in stand-by mode if a malfunction takes place in the
operating system. The stand-by system can be checked and replaced without ceasing the operation of DME.
(2)It is possible to repair the DME in quite a short time because each plug-in module and printed circuit
board can be easily exchanged from the front side.
(3)The DME can be operated on a 24-hour basis.
(4)The DME adopts the standard DME/N, not the precision DME/P.
(5)The DME is compact, inexpensive, reliable, up-to-date equipment.
(6)The DME is equipped with a PC for maintenance purpose (RCMS) which control and monitors the
operating conditions of DME.
(7)The DME realizes free channel shift with synthesizer and smooth parametric setting from the PC
(RCMS).
(8)The DME has a function to offset the real DME location to an apparent location by changing the system
delay time.
(9)The DME complies with ICAO ANNEX 10, EUROCAE ED-57, and Radio Equipment directive.
(10)All the functions to control the device and monitor the operation status are performed on hardware
which increases the reliability and safety of the device.
(11)Reply delay, pulse spacing and pulse width shall be adjustable without removing a module.

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1.1.2 System configuration

1.1.2.1 Short block diagram
Figure 1.1.2.1-1 shows the system block diagram of DME.

DME Antenna

DME signal Monitor signal

DME Equipment

Transponder DME signal DME signal Transponder

Changeover
#1 #2

Monitor signal

Monitor
Monitor
Control signal Control signal Control signal

Alarm signal

Controller

Equipment status/
Control signal

Local
controller

+48V DC +48V DC
Remote control monitoring system

Figure 1.1.2.1-1 DME short block diagram

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1.1.2.2 Standard configuration

Table 1.1.2.2-1 shows the standard configuration of DME.

Table 1.1.2.2-1 DME standard configuration (Model No. TW4134*)

Item No. Model No. Equipment Q'ty Description

1 TW4132* DME Equipment 1 DME cabinet

1.1 ZS10098* DME Chassis 1 DME chassis
1.1.1 UW10760* CONT Unit 1 Control and antenna changeover unit
1.1.2 UW10761* HPA Unit 2 High power amplifier unit
1.1.3 UW10762* TRX Unit 2 Transmitter receiver unit
1.1.4 UW10763* MON Unit 2 Monitor unit
1.1.5 UW10764* DC Unit 2 DC power unit
1.2 UW10765* LCD Unit 1 Local control and display unit
2 A02644* RCMS Software 1 PC software for remote control operation
3 FC8376* DME Accessories 1 Accessories for DME
Note
(1) * is A to Z.

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1.1.2.3 Options and variations

Table 1.1.2.3-1 shows the options of DME, and Table 1.1.2.3-2 shows the variations.

Table 1.1.2.3-1 Options

Item No. Description Standard Note

OP-1 DME Antenna Not included

RCMS Software is included.

PC hardware is not included.
OP-2 RCMS
PC hardware can be
used ordinary COTS PC.
Remote monitoring On line technical support
OP-3 Not available
(In future) service

OP-4 Remote Control Panel Not included For control and monitor

OP-5 Remote Control Unit Not included For control and monitor

OP-6 NAV Panel Not included For monitor only

Table 1.1.2.3-2 Variations

Item
Description Standard Note
No.

VR-1 PCB coating No coating For high humidity or salt breeze

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1.1.3 Technical data
Main performances of DME are as follows:
1.1.3.1 General
(1) Type
(2) Output power
(3) Distance accuracy
(4) Coverage
(5) Handling capability
(6) Channel
(7) DC input power
(8) Maximum power consumption
- High power version
1.1.3.2 Environmental conditions
(1) Ambient temperature
- Indoor equipment
(2) Relative humidity
- Indoor equipment
(3) Vibration and shock
(4) Operation period
Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C
: DME/N
: Nominal 1kW peak
: ±30m (Except the interrogator)
: Meets ICAO Annex 10
: 200 interrogators
(Searching: 10 and tracking: 190)
: 252 (X mode: 126 and Y mode: 126)
: +40 to +56VDC (Nominal +48VDC)
: 250VA (Normal operation)
400VA (Dual transmitting operation during testing)
: -10 to +55degrees C (Except COTS)
: Maximum 95%RH (@ up to +35degrees C)
Maximum 60%RH (@ up to +55degrees C)
: Maximum 19.6 m/s2 (Survival)
: Continuous operation
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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.1.3.3 Transmitting characteristics

(1) Frequency range : 960 to 1215MHz
(2) Frequency stability : ±0.001%
(3) Channel spacing : 1MHz
(4) Pulse shape
- Rise time : 1.5μs to 3.0μs
- Decay time : 1.5μs to 3.0μs
- Duration : 3.5±0.5μs
(5) Pulse spectrum : As per ICAO Annex 10
(6) Pair pulse power variation : Less than 1dB
(7) Pair pulse spacing : X mode: 12±0.1μs
Y mode: 30±0.1μs
(8) Transmitting rate : 700 to A pps
(A: 2700 to 5400pps adjustable per 100pps)
(9) Spurious : More than 60dBc
(10) ON/OFF isolation : More than 80dB
(11) ID CODE : Up to 4 letters International Morse CODE can be set
from LCD Unit and RCMS (PC)

1.1.3.4 Receiving characteristics

(1) Sensitivity : Less than -91dBm (At receiver efficiency 70%)
Less than -103dBW/m2 (Meets ICAO Annex10)
(2) Frequency stability : ±0.001%
(3) Selectivity
- Rejection of adjacent channels : More than 80dB (At fc±900kHz)
- Rejection of spurious and image : More than 75dB (At 960 to 1215MHz)
(4) Reply delay : X mode: 50±0.5μs, Y mode: 56±0.5μs
(1st pulse timing operation)
Adjustable range: nominal -15μs
(5) ID : External ID from CVOR/DVOR or
Internal ID selectable
Two alternative ID’s can be controlled by interlock.
(Meets ICAO Annex 10)
(6) Echo suppression : Period: 0 to 400μs, Adjustable
Suppression level: 0 to 60dB, Adjustable
(7) Receiver dead time : 31 to 204μs, Adjustable

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(8) CW Protection : Whenever an interrogation signal is within the dynamic

range of the receiver, and 10dB or more above the
level of an interfering CW signal, the reply efficiency
shall remain greater than 70%.

1.1.3.5 Monitor system characteristics and alarm threshold

(1) Reply delay : ±0.4μs, Adjustable (Tolerance ±0.1μs)
(2) Reply efficiency : 60±5%
(3) Reply pulse power : -3dB to -5dB, Adjustable (Tolerance ±0.5dB)
(4) Transmission rate : Falls below 700pps
or exceeds setting point (700 to 5400pps adjustable)
(5) Pulse pair spacing : ±0.4μs, Adjustable (Tolerance ±0.1μs)
(6) ID : Code group length: More than 9seconds
No ID period: More than 45seconds
(7) Automatic self-check : Once per second
Self-check item:
System delay, pulse spacing,
Sensitivity, output power, transmission rate
(8) Manual self-check : Self-check item: Automatic self-check item + ID check

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1.1.3.6 Control and monitor

(1) System redundancy:
Transponder has dual redundancy. They will be switched by primary monitor alarms automatically. Also
they can be switched manually.
(2) Control system:
The DME system has 2 types of control systems, they are core controller (CONT Unit) and detail
controller (LCD). CONT Unit has high reliability, controls the DME basic operation, ex. redundancy
switching and component on/off. LCD controls the DME advance operation, ex. parameter setting and
adjustment. The DME system can continue operation even if the LCD breaks down.
The core controller is composed of hardware. Therefore, it has high reliability and is safe.

(3) Equipment monitor:

Detail controller monitors each component’s status.
(4) Maintenance:
The DME system is fixable for user itself by exchanging the broken unit for a spare unit.
(5) Remote monitoring (Option):
Via WAN (ex. VPN), a user will be technically supported from the manufacturer.

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1.1.4 Equipment outline view

The following shows outline views of the DME Equipment (Figure 1.1.4-1).

NOTE
(1) Dimension is typical.

unit : mm

Figure 1.1.4-1 DME Equipment outline view

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Figure 1.1.4-2 shows DME Chassis operation displays. Table 1.1.4-1 shows the operation displays and
functions.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Figure 1.1.4-2 DME Chassis operation displays

Table 1.1.4-2 DME Chassis operation display and the functions

Ref. No. Name
1 DC Unit (#1)
2 MON Unit (#1)
3 TRX Unit (#1)
4 HPA Unit (#1)
5 CONT Unit
6 HPA Unit (#2)
7 TRX Unit (#2)
8 MON Unit (#2)
9 DC Unit (#2)

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1.2 DME SYSTEM

1.2.1 Overview
DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) is one of the short range NAVAIDs. This equipment comprising the
ground equipment (transponder) of the DME system receives the distance interrogation signal from the
airborne interrogator and transmits the synchronized distance response signal to the aircraft to provide
information on distance from the reference point (station) on the ground to the aircraft in question.
In general, DME is used in conjunction with VOR or ILS to support flights on airways and approach/departure
in the airport area. In some cases, DMEs used to support approach/departure in airport areas are referred to as
T-DME (Terminal DME), however its operating system is identical to that of a standard DME except for the
case that the operating requirements in the effective range are different.
Figure 1.2.1.1-1 shows the system block diagram of DME.

The DME system reduces occurrence of errors due to interference (including cross talks and noises) by using
pulse pair codes (12μs: X mode; 36μs: Y mode).
One ground DME station can respond to up to 200 interrogators.

1.2.1.1 Communication information between DME station and aircraft in flight

Communication information between DME station and aircraft in flight includes:
・ ID code of DME station
・ Distance from DME station

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

DME Chassis(ZS10098*)

DME Antenna

CONT Unit(UW10760*)

RCMS（PC） Transponder #1
(*2)
Controller Changeover
Transponder #1
M ON/OFF
Remote Contol Unit RCMS（PC） RF TX
RF Tx HPA Unit #1 RF Tx
/NAV Panel (*2) ID KEY
(UW10761*)
Status TRX Unit #1
(UW10762*)
M&C RF Rx
To ①
HUB

LAN
DC+48V
M&C DC Unit #1
(UW10764*) DC+24V
DC+24V
From DC Unit
SIO LCD Unit RF TX/RX
RCMS（PC） STBY
(UW10765*)
(*2) RF TX
M&C
① TRX Unit #1

LAN M&C
USB ② TRX Unit #2
Transponder #2
RCMS（PC） ⇔
M&C
(*1) COM ③ MON Unit #1
Transponder #2
M&C ON/OFF
④ MON Unit #2
RF Tx HPA Unit #2 RF Tx
ID KEY
(UW10761*)
Status TRX Unit #2
M&C (UW10762*)
RF Rx
To ②

M&C
Remote Control Panel DC+48V
/NAV Panel DC Unit #2
(UW10764*) DC+24V

ID KEY IN (FROM EXT)

ID KEY OUT (TO EXT)

DC+24V
To LCD Unit

Monitor Alarm #1 RF TX/RX

M&C MON Unit #1
To ③ (UW10763*)

【Remarks】 Antenna Monitor

: Indispensable Unit

: Redundant Unit or Convenient Unit

Monitor Alarm #2 RF TX/RX
: Option Unit MON Unit #2
M&C
To ④ (UW10763*)
: Function Block Antenna Monitor

: RF Signal

: LAN or SIO

: PIO or Dry Contact +48VDC

: DC Power Line

* : * is A to Z +48VDC

(*1) : for operation at Local site

(*2) : for operation at Remote site
Figure 1.2.1.1-1 System block diagram

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

The descriptions for each piece of information are as follows:

1.2.1.1.1 ID code of DME station

NAVAIDs (DME, TACAN, VOR, ILS stations, etc.) periodically transmit their ID code in Morse code to
identify which station is communicating with aircraft in question. The DVOR includes circuitry such that
it can either be master or slave to an associated DME. When the DVOR is master, the DVOR circuitry
provides voltage free switching capable of switching 50V at 40mA, for the purpose of keying the
associated DME every forth DVOR identification cycle. When the DVOR is slave, it shall key from a
voltage free contact with a loop resistance not exceeding 350 ohms from DME. Failure of the DVOR
shall not prevent identification of the associated DME. In the event of DME failure, the DVOR shall
revert to independent operation.
a) Independent operation
For independent operation, the identification signal shall be transmitted at least three times every 30
seconds, spaced equally within that time period.
b) Associated operation
For associated operation, each 30 seconds interval shall be divided into four equal periods with the
associated DME identification transmitted during one period only, and the DVOR identification
transmitted during the remaining period.

1.2.1.1.2 Distance from DME station

Among the signals transmitted from the DME station, the distance measuring information is not simply
provided from the DME station. This is a signal returned from the DME station as a response to an
interrogation signal sent from an airborne unit. Distance measuring procedures are as follows:
(1)Distance measurement
Distance measurement is performed by measuring the time duration required for a pulse signal to shuttle
between two points by using a secondary radar system comprised of airborne interrogator and ground
transponder.
An interrogation pulse sent from an airborne unit is received and demodulated by the ground equipment
and sent through a system delay circuit (50μs: X mode; 56μs: Y mode) to the transmitter to trigger the
transmitter, then the response pulse is transmitted. The airborne unit receives the pulse to measure the
time duration from transmitting an interrogation pulse to receiving the response pulse and converts the
time into a distance and indicates the distance on the distance indicator.
Figure 1.2.1.1.2-1 describes the procedure for X mode. The pulse is shown as a single pulse in View (A),
however it is actually a pulse pair as shown in View (B).

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

Interrogation Receive pulse

質問パルス pulse 受信パルス
(Transmission
（送信パルス）pulse)

Airborne
機上装置 unit
Response pulse
応答パルス
Receive pulse (Transmission
送信パルス （送信パルス） pulse) X mode
3.5μs 3.5μs

Ground equipment
地上装置
12μs
R 50μs R
C C
(B)
(System delay time)
（システムディレイ時間）
2R
T= + 50μs
C
(A)
Figure 1.2.1.1.2-1 Time line chart - interrogation and response pulses

In Figure 1.2.1.1.2-1:
Assuming that:

T: Time required from emitting an interrogation pulse to receiving the response pulse (μs)
R: Distance from ground station to aircraft (NM)
C: Velocity of light 3 × 105 (km/s) ≈ 1.62×105 (NM/s)

T = 2R/C + 50 (μs) ≈ 12R + 50 (μs)

is derived.

When the starting timing of measurement delays 50μs after the interrogation pulse is transmitted, the
following formula is obtained:

R (NM) T (μs) - 50 (μs)

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

Thus, R can be immediately obtained if T is known.

Pulses transmitted from ground stations are comprised of response, station identification and random
pulses. Random pulse is referred to as Squitter pulse and should be randomly included into response
pulse strings to maintain the number of transmission pulses 700pps (pulse pair per second) or more,
when a small number of response pulses exist. On the other hand, when a large number of responses
exist due to increased interrogators, the squitter pulses are reduced or eliminated to maintain the
response pulses selected transmitting rate (2700 to 5400pps 100pps step) or less.
The interrogator pulses from the airborne unit are transmitted at a rate of 124pps or less during the
initial search period and at a rate of 22pps or less during the tracking period.
Assuming that there are 10 interrogators searched and 190 interrogators tracked (total 200
interrogators):
124pps×10 + 22pps×190 = 5420pps
Therefore, a pulse string of 5420pps is required. In this case, the maximum number of response pulses
(5400pps) is smaller than the required number, however an airborne unit can surely conduct the distance
measurement if the number of response pulses is 70% of the number of interrogation pulses. In addition
to the response pulse, station identification code pulse strings are included in the pulses emitted from
ground stations.

(Note) The condition before the completion of distance measurement is referred to as “Search”, while
the condition after the display of exact measurement on the indicator where exact measurement is kept
on being displayed is referred to as “Track”.

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1.2.1.1.3 Priority of information element at DME station

The two pieces of information as mentioned before (station identification code and distance data) are
transmitted as a series of pulse pairs from the DME station. To prevent the two signals from interference,
DME station specifies the orders of them in the whole pulse string.
(1) Station identification code has the first priority.
(2) The distance response signal has the second priority. Since an interrogation pulse is not generated by a
DME station, the resultant response pulse should be restricted to prevent interference with the station
identification code. Therefore, response pulses can be transmitted unless no station identification
signal exists. This is practical because the length of station identification signal is relatively shorter
than the cycle of DME signal.
(3) Squitter pulses have the lowest priority. These pulses are used to fill blanks in the pulse string when
fewer interrogations are sent from aircraft. They are required to maintain the duty cycle of the DME
station.
(4) In practical terms, the time durations of each signal element make no interruptions on station
identification codes and distance information received by aircraft.

1.2.1.1.4 Duty cycle

(1) Duty cycle is defined as actual transmission time in the unit of hundredth of seconds.
(2) There are differences in the contents of useful pulse pairs included in one second DME station
operation as shown below:
(2.1) Station identification code pulses generated at rate of 1350pps by keying: Actual number of
station identification pulses depends on the specific Morse code assigned to the DME station.
(2.2) Distance measurement response pulse: The number of the pulses depends on the number of
aircraft which is sending interrogations to the DME station. The maximum rate is 4500pps
when 200 interrogators simultaneously send interrogations to the DME station.
(2.3) Squitter Pulse: In order to maintain the sine wave modulation envelope for transmitted radio
energy, it is required to keep the total number of transmitted pulse per second constant.
In order to keep the duty cycle constant, DME station introduces random pulses into signal
pulse strings so that the total number of pulse pairs in each string is 700pps or more and
4500pps or less. Random pulses introduced as mentioned above are referred to as Squitter’s.
The number of squitter’s in a pulse string is the maximum when no aircraft send interrogations
to the DME station, while it is the minimum when approximately 200 or more interrogators
send interrogations to the station.
If more than 200 aircraft are sending interrogations (in other words, the number of distance
measurement interrogation pulses exceeds 4000pps), each interrogation is suppressed in the
reversed order of signal strength to maintain the response pulse at 4000pps.

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1.2.1.1.5 Characteristics of DME signals

(1) One of the main characteristics of signals emitted from a DME station is that they are comprised of
pulse pairs with 12μs (X mode) or 36μs (Y mode) intervals between pulses. Each signal element is
characterized by the number of pulse pairs per second and interval between pulse pairs (distance from
the leading edge of a pulse pair to the leading edge of the next pulse pair). Since pulse pairs with a
12μs (or 36μs) interval is used, the DME signal in receive signal can be easily distinguished from other
unserviceable pulses.
(2) The characteristics of signals transmitted from a DME station are as follows:
(2.1) Station identification code
Station identification codes are controlled by a keyer incorporated into DME ground equipment
or keyer signal of VOR or ILS and sends dual pulse pairs, in which pulse pairs with 12 or 36μs
pulse intervals are arranged with 100μs pulse pair intervals between each other, at a repetition
frequency of 1350Hz.
(2.2) Distance measurement response pulse.
This is comprised of pulse pairs with a 12μs (or 36μs) pulse interval. The number of pulse pairs
depends on the number of interrogations the DME station is receiving and the decoder dead
time, i.e. minimum interval between pulse pairs acceptable (60μs).

1.2.1.1.6 DME frequencies allocated to high and low bands

(1) DME uses a frequency range of 962 to 1213MHz. This frequency range is divided into two
transmission bands and one receive band. In addition, each band is divided into high and low bands.
Table 1.2.1.1.6-1 shows the frequency range.

Table 1.2.1.1.6-1 Frequency Range

Low band (MHz) High band (MHz)
Interrogation 1025 to 1087 1088 to 1150
X mode
Reply 962 to 1024 1151 to 1213
Interrogation 1025 to 1087 1088 to 1150
Y mode
Reply 1088 to 1150 1025 to 1087

(2) In any DME station, the receiver and transmitter have frequencies 63MHz apart from each other. For
example in case of X mode, a DME station with 962MHz transmission frequency has a 1025MHz
receive frequency. In a similar fashion, a DME station with 1024MHz transmission frequency has a
1087MHz receive frequency. In the case of a DME station with 1151MHz transmission frequency, the
receive frequency is 1088MHz. In a similar fashion, a DME station with 1213MHz transmission
frequency has 1150MHz receive frequency.

(2.1) DME stations working in low band have a transmitter frequency in the range of 960 to
1024MHz and have a receiver frequency 63MHz higher than the transmitter frequency. The
receiver frequency is in the range of 1025 to 1087MHz.
(2.2) In a similar fashion, a DME station which has a transmitter frequency in the high band of 1151
to 1213MHz has a receiver frequency 63MHz lower than the transmitter frequency. In this case,
the receiver frequency is in the range of 1088 to 1150MHz.
(3) DME stations are designed to work in both high and low bands according to the allocated frequency.

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.1.2 Monitoring function

In addition to the function sending distance information, DME has a function monitoring the system.
The transponder in the operating system is monitored by the MON Unit and is automatically replaced
with a stand-by transponder should it fail, Monitors can be configurable such that both monitors are
monitoring the operating and standby transponder simultaneously.
Control and display of the local side are conducted with an LCD.
Control and display from the remote monitoring station are conducted through the RCMS.
The DME has been designed to take maintainability into account and each component has indicators or
LED, etc., to always display the operating condition.
In addition, DME has a function to acquire service measurement data of main components.
The LCD measures the equipment status data for maintenance of main components and provides them to
the RCMS.

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.2 Monitor and Changeover

The Monitor and Changeover is a part which monitors and controls the device. It consists of the
following units (See Figure 1.2.2-1).

(1) CONT Unit

A unit to turn ON/OFF the Transponder and control the switching to the DME Antenna.

(2) MON Unit

A unit to monitor the operations of the device. This unit has a dual configuration. When the MON
unit detects a failure of the Transponder, it outputs an Alarm signal to the CONT Unit.

DME Antenna
DME signal
Transponder#1 (TX/RX) Transponder#2
Monitor andChangeover

DME signal DME signal

(TX) (TX)
HPA Unit HPA Unit
TRXUnit DME signal CONT Unit DME signal TRXUnit
(RX) (RX)

Control Control
signal signal

Monitor
signal
Alarm
DC Unit signal DC Unit

MON Unit #1

MON Unit #2

Equipment Status /
Control signal

+48V DC
+48V DC
LCD Unit

LAN

RCMS

Figure 1.2.2-1 Monitor and Changeover block diagram

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.2.1 CONT Unit

(1) Outline
The CONT Unit turns ON/OFF the Transponder and controls the connections between the two
sets of the Transponders and DME Antennas (See Figure 1.2.2.1-1)
The unit consists of the RF Block and the Control Circuit Block.

(1.1) RF Block
The RF Block is a high-frequency circuit block that receives the transmitted and received signal
of the two sets of the Transponders and switches the connection to the DME Antenna.

(1.2) Control Circuit Block

This is a circuit block that generates signals to control the RF Block and the Transponder.
Manual operations are controlled by the switches on the front panel in local control mode. The
LED on the front panel displays the status of the device. This block has a serial communication
function to communicate with the LCD Unit. The LCD Unit can control and monitor the device
through this block in remote control mode. All of these functions consist of a logic circuit on
hardware.

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

DME Antenna
CONT Unit

-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)

RX: -10 ～ -95dBm

-20dB TX1 RF IN
MAIN RF TRX Unit #1
2 1 HPA Unit #1
BWD FWD 3 4

Antenna Monitor
Signal #2 in Dummy
-10dB
TX VIDEO

VIDEO
DET
VIDEO
DET

REFL VIDEO PRE-SELECTOR #1

BP
F

MON Unit #2 HY

INTR #2
-20dB TX2 RF IN
2 1 HPA Unit #2 TRX Unit #2
Antenna Monitor
Signal #1 in BWD FWD 3 4

MON Unit #1
INTR #1 -10dB Dummy
HY
PRE-SELECTOR #2
STBY RF
BP
F
TX VIDEO
ATT
VIDEO
50W DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W REFL VIDEO

FPGA
SYS1/SYS2_SEL
2 MON_SEL_#1/#2

EXT_ID_KEY_OUT HPA_STS_#1
HPA #1
EXT_SHUTDN_OUT HPA_STS_#2
ILS HPA #2
VOR EXT_ID_KEY/SYNC_IN DC_STS_#1
DC #1
EXT_SHUTDN DC_STS_#2
DC #2
5 EXT_STS FAN_STS
FAN

PRI_ALM_#1 TRPN_ON/OFF_#1

SEC_ALM_#1 SENSITIVITY_STS_#1
SELF_CHK_ALM_#1 TRX_STS_#1 TRX #1

ALM_MASK_#1 Switching ID_KEY_#1

MON #1
Control
SENSITIVITY_ALM_MASK_#1
ID_GATE_#1 & TRPN_ON/OFF_#2
ID_KEY_#1 Equipment SENSITIVITY_STS_#2
Control
TRX_STS_#2 TRX #2

PRI_ALM_#2 ID_KEY_#2

SEC_ALM_#2
SELF_CHK_ALM_#2 TRPN_ON/OFF
ALM_MASK_#2 C/O
MON #2
SENSITIVITY_ALM_MASK_#2 ID_CODE_SEL
ID_GATE_#2 NORMAL
NAV PANEL
ID_KEY_#2 WARNING

ALARM
ID_TONE
LPF LCL/RMT
(1350Hz)
Serial
I/F
Param
VOL ID VOL ROM

LAN/Dial up COM 1
RCMS (PC) COM
M&C COM 2
LCD Unit COM 3
DC+24V COM 4
USB USB⇔COM
COM 5

Figure 1.2.2.1-1 CONT Unit block diagram

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

(2) Function

(2.1) RF Block function

The flows of signals for specific operations are shown below:

a. SYS1 operation status (See Figure 1.2.2.1-2)

This is a status where the Transponder #1 is turned on and connected to the DME Antenna.
A received signal (DME Signal (RX)) is separated by the DC#11 and output to the
Transponder #1.
The Transponder #2 is connected to the side of the Dummy Load by the K#1.

TX
DME Antenna
RX
DME Signal (TX/RX) CONT Unit
-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)
RX: -10 ～ -95dBm
-20dB
DC#12 HY#11 TX1 RF IN
MAIN RF TRX Unit #1
2 1 HPA Unit #1
BWD FWD 3 4

DC#31
K#1 -10dB
Dummy

VIDEO
DET
SYS1/2_SEL VIDEO
DET

PRE-SELECTOR#1

HY DME Signal (RX)

MON_SEL_#2 BP
MON Unit #2 F
MON Signal #2
in/out K#3

-20dB
DC#22 HY#21 TX2 RF IN
DME Signal (TX)
K#2 2 1 HPA Unit #2 TRX Unit #2

BWD FWD 3 4

MON Unit #1 DC#32

MON Signal #1 MON_SEL_#1 -10dB
HY Dummy
in/out
PRE-SELECTOR#2

BP
F

ATT
50W VIDEO
DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W

Figure 1.2.2.1-2 System diagram of SYS1 operation status

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

b. SYS2 operation status (See Figure 1.2.2.1-3)

This is a status where the Transponder #2 is turned ON and connected to the DME Antenna.
A received signal (DME Signal (RX)) is separated by the HY#21 and output to the
Transponder #2.
The Transponder #1 is connected to the side of the Dummy Load via K#1.

DME Antenna

DME Signal (TX/RX) CONT Unit

-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)
RX: -10 ～ -95dBm

-20dB
DC#12 HY#11 TX1 RF IN
MAIN RF TRX Unit #1
2 1 HPA Unit #1
BWD FWD 3 4

DC#31
K#1 -10dB
Dummy

VIDEO
DET
SYS1/2_SEL VIDEO
DET

PRE-SELECTOR#1

HY DME Signal (RX)

MON_SEL_#2 BP
MON Unit #2 F
MON Signal #2
in/out K#3

-20dB
DC#22 HY#21 TX2 RF IN
DME Signal (TX)
K#2 2 1 HPA Unit #2 TRX Unit #2

BWD FWD 3 4

MON Unit #1 DC#32

MON Signal #1 MON_SEL_#1 -10dB
HY Dummy
in/out
PRE-SELECTOR#2
DME Signal (RX)
BP
F

ATT
50W VIDEO
DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W

Figure 1.2.2.1-3 System diagram of SYS2 operation status

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

c. Connections of the Monitor system when the SYS1 is operated (See Figure 1.2.2.1-4)
The diagram shows the connections of the Monitor signal when the Transponder #1 is
turned ON and connected to the DME Antenna. The K#2 and K#3 are connected to the side
of the DC#31 in the normal operations (i.e., SYS1 operation and SYS2 standby).
The dummy interrogation signal output from the MON Unit #1 and the #2 (MON Signal
#1 out, MON Signal #2 out)) is combined to the DME Signal (TX/RX) line by the DC#31
(Directional coupler). The dummy interrogation signal is combined to the interrogation signal
(receipt signal) received from the aircraft by the DME Antenna and input to the TRX Unit #1
as the received signal. The TRX Unit #1 also generates the reply signal (DME Signal (TX))
to the dummy interrogation signal.
The MON Unit #1 and #2 takes out the reply signal also from the DC#31. The signal
obtained from the directional coupler is a mixture of the reply signal to the MON Signal #1
out and the MON Signal #2 out, and the reply signal from the DME Antenna to the
interrogation signal from the aircraft.

DME Antenna

DME Signal (TX/RX) CONT Unit

-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)
Antenna monitor RX: -10 ～ -95dBm
Signal #2 in -20dB
DC#12 HY#11 TX1 RF IN
DME Signal (TX)
MAIN RF TRX Unit #1
2 1 HPA Unit #1
BWD FWD 3 4

DC#31
-10dB Dummy

K#1
VIDEO
DET
SYS1/2_SEL VIDEO
DET

HY
DME Signal (RX)
BP
MON_SEL_#2 F
MON Unit #2
MON Signal #2
in/out K#3

DC#22 HY#21 TX2 RF IN (R)DIN

2 1 HPA Unit #2 TRX Unit #2
K#2
Antenna monitor BWD FWD 3 4
Signal #1 in
MON Unit #1 DC#32
MON Signal #1
MON_SEL_#1 -10dB Dummy
in/out HY

BP
F

ATT VIDEO
50W DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W

Figure 1.2.2.1-4 System diagram of Monitor system with SYS1 operated

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

d. Connections when the Transponder #2 is turned ON for maintenance with SYS1 operated
(See Figure 1.2.2.1-5).
The diagram shows the connections when the Transponder #2 is turned ON for
maintenance with the SYS1 operated.
The transmission output of the Transponder #2 is connected to the Dummy Load side via the
K#1.
In this case, there is no received signal (interrogation signal) form the DME Antenna. So,
the transmission signal of the Transponder #2 consists only of the squitter pulse and the ID
pulse.

DME Antenna

DME Signal (TX/RX) CONT Unit

-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)
RX: -10 ～ -95dBm
-20dB
DC#12 HY#11 TX1 RF IN DME Signal (TX)
MAIN RF
2 1
#1 TRX Unit #1
HPA Unit #1
BWD FWD 3 4

DC#31
-10dB
Dummy

K#1
VIDEO
DET
SYS1/2_SEL
VIDEO
DET

DME Signal (RX)

HY BP #1
MON_SEL_#2 F
MON Unit #2
K#3
-20dB
DC#22 HY#21 TX2 RF IN DME Signal (TX)
2 1 #2 TRX Unit #2
HPA Unit #2
K#2
BWD FWD 3 4

MON Unit #1 DC#32

MON_SEL_#1 -10dB Dummy
HY

BP
F

ATT VIDEO
50W DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W

Figure 1.2.2.1-5 Connections when starting the Transponder #2 with SYS1 operated

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

In this state, if you want to provide the dummy interrogation signal to the Transponder #2,
you should switch the K#3 and connect the dummy interrogation signal of the MON Unit
(MON Signal #2 out) to the DC#32. Figure 1.2.2.1-6 shows, as an example, the status where
the MON Signal #2 out is switched to the DC#32.
By this connection, you can maintain the Transponder #2 side. In this case, the DME enters
the state of a single monitor.

DME Antenna

DME Signal (TX/RX) CONT Unit

-30 dBm TX: 1kW (60dBm)
RX: -10 ～ -95dBm
-20dB
DC#12 HY#11 TX1 RF IN
2 1 HPA Unit #1 TRX Unit #1

BWD FWD 3 4

DC#31
-10dB Dummy

K#1
VIDEO
DET
SYS1/2_SEL VIDEO
DET

HY BP
MON_SEL_#2 F
MON Unit #2
MON Signal #2
in/out K#3
-20dB
DC#22 HY#21 TX2 RF IN DME Signal (TX)
2 1 #2 TRX Unit #1
HPA Unit #2
K#2
BWD FWD 3 4

MON Unit #1 DC#32

MON Signal #1 MON_SEL_#1 -10dB Dummy
in/out
HY
DME Signal (RX)
BP #2
F

ATT VIDEO
50W DET

VIDEO
DET
Dummy
1W

Figure 1.2.2.1-6 Connecting dummy interrogation signal from MON Unit #2 to Transponder #2

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

(2.2) Control Circuit Block function

The Control Circuit is mainly constituted of the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array).
The FPGA generates the sequence of the changeover according to the alarm signal
from the monitor. Then it controls the RF Block of CONT Unit and Transponder operation.
Specific functions are described below.

(2.2.1) If the MON Unit detects the failure of the Transponder in the operation system, the
automatic control sequence is generated according to the alarm signal from the MON Unit to
execute the changeover. At this stage, you can freely select either one of the OR monitor
method (the systems are switched if one of the two sets of the MON Units generates an
alarm) or the AND monitor method (systems are switched if both two sets of the MON Units
generate an alarm) by setting from the LCD Unit.

(2.2.2) If the stand-by system devices can be used, the automatic control sequence guarantees
continuous operations by optimum devices including operations in the secondary alarm
condition. The primary alarm (e.g., Timing Delay and Pulse Spacing) is an item that causes a
wrong guidance or deteriorates the precision. Other monitor items are called the secondary
alarm (e.g., Sensitivity, Output Power, Transmission Rate and Ident).

(2.2.3) You can switch the Changeover systems from the front panel of the main unit or the LCD
Unit (Local control).

(2.2.4) The operation status is monitored by the LED on the front panel while the operation status
monitoring signal is sent to the LCD Unit.

(2.2.6) The FPGA interfaces with the NAV panel, outputs the signals (Normal, Alarm and
Warning) to indicate the status of the DME, switches the systems (C/O) by the control signal
from the NAV panel, turns ON/OFF the Transponder and selects the ID CODE.

(2.2.7) The FPGA outputs the DME shutdown alarm signal to the related devices when the DME
device shuts down.

(2.2.8) The FPGA inputs the ID KEY signal from the related devices (max. 2 units) and outputs
the ID KEY from the selected related devices to the Transponder.

(2.2.9) The FPGA inputs the station alarm (max. 5 items) by the no-voltage contact signal and
outputs the alarm status to the LCD UNIT.

(2.2.10) The FPGA converts the Transponder transmission ID CODE received by the MON Unit
into the tone signal to sound from the speaker mounted on the device sound.

(2.2.11) Table 1.2.2.1-1 shows the items controlled and monitored by the CONT Unit.

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

Table 1.2.2.1-1 Items controlled and monitored by CONT Unit

No. Category Item Description

1 Control (1) [SHUT DN] Shutdown Stop operations.

It suppresses alarms accompanying automatic control
2 Control (2) [ALM BYP] Alarm Bypass from the monitor system and prohibits the automatic
control when bypassed.
[SYS SW] Select Transponder connected to antenna.
3 Control (3)
System No.1/No2 Select Selected Transponder automatically starts.
[MNT]
4 Control (4) Test-start the stand-by system Transponder.
Standby Transponder Test
Determine Monitor No. 1 either to monitor the operation
[MON1]
5 Control (5) system Transponder or to service the stand-by system
Monitor No.1 Select
Transponder.
Determine Monitor No. 2 either to monitor the operation
[MON2]
6 Control (6) system Transponder or to service the stand-by system
Monitor No.2 Select
Transponder.
[ID1/ID2]
7 Control (7) Select ID CODE No.1 or No.2.
ID CODE No.1/No.2 Select
[LCL CNT]
8 Control (8) Select control right.
Local/Remote Select
[WRITE PROTECT OFF]
9 Control (9) Select write protect on or off
Write Protect On/Off Select
[PRI/SEC ALM] Display the status when primary or secondary alarm is
10 Monitoring (1)
Primary/Secondary Alarm occurred.
[XFR/SHUT DN] Display the status when automatic control sequence is
11 Monitoring (2)
Transfer/Shutdown Alarm activated.
[ALM BYP]
12 Monitoring (3) Display alarm bypass state.
Alarm Bypass
[MAIN SYS1/SYS2]
13 Monitoring (4) Display Main System No.1 or No.2 selected.
Main System No.1/No2 Select
[TRPN ON AIR SYS1/SYS2]
Display Transponder currently operated (the side
14 Monitoring (5) Transponder On Air System
connected to the antenna).
No.1/No.2 Select
[TRPN1/TRPN2] Display the startup status of the stand-by system
15 Monitoring (6)
Standby Transponder Test Transponder.
16 Monitoring (7) [MON1] Monitor No.1 Select When lighting, the operation side is monitored.
17 Monitoring (8) [MON2] Monitor No.2 Select When lighting, the operation side is monitored.
[ID1/ID2]
18 Monitoring (9) Display ID CODE selected.
ID CODE No.1/No.2 Select
[LCL CNT]
19 Monitoring (10) Display local or remote control selected.
Local/Remote Select
[WRITE PROTECT OFF]
20 Monitoring (11) Display write protect on or off selected.
Write Protect On/Off Select

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.2.2 MON Unit

(1) Outline
The MON Unit monitors the status of the Transponder, generates the dummy interrogation signal
simulating the interrogator of the aircraft and monitor status of the system display, pulse spacing
and reply efficiency based on the replay signal of the Transponder. Additionally, the MON unit
monitors the transmission rate, output level and ID signal output of the Transponder transmission
signal other than the reply signal. The MON Unit consists of a block to generate the dummy
interrogation signal (Monitor signal) and a block to monitor items by receiving the Transponder
transmission signal (See Figure 1.2.2.2-1).

Monitor signal generation block

AT#11
0 ～ 100dB 960MHz ～ 1,215MHz
DC#11
DC#12 DC#13 (1025MHz ～ 1,150MHz)
TX：+25 ～ -75dBm
from C ATT BPF SW SW
RX：+25dBm 100kHz STEP
CONT Unit M
B -20dB f0；1080MHz TX PLS
RF OUT -20dB BW；255
MON
-20dB LPF DAC
SP
MON_GAUSS
INTERFER_SIG

ATT

FPGA
MON TX PLUSE

MON TX GATE
Dummy
interrogation SELF_TEST PUSH
signal/self-test SW
signal generator
START PLS
VIDEO MON TX LEVEL(ALC) MON_START_PLS
DET
(to CONT Unit)
S#11
RX:+20dBm PLS_SPACE_ALM (P) PRI_ALM
VIDEO
960MHz ～ 1,215MHz TIMING_DLY_ALM (P) SEC_ALM
DET Transponder TX Pulse monitor
ATT ADC
SENSITIVITY_ALM (S) SELF_CHK_ALM
inside CONT
Transponder TX_RATE_ALM (S) ALM_MASK
VIDEO TX I/F part
from RX：+25dBm Antenna transmission OUTPUT_PWR_ALM (S) SENSITIVITY_ALM_MASK
ATT DET pulse monitor
DME Antenna 960MHz ～ 1,215MHz level monitor DET_PLS ID_ALM (S) TEST_MODE
outside S#12
Self check select RPLY
PLS DET
RPY_PLS_DET
ID_KEY

20MHz

ID
monitor
Serial
Monitor data
I/F part COM 4 or COM 5
Control data
(to LCD Unit)

Alarm generation block

Figure 1.2.2.2-1 MON Unit system diagram

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

(2) Function

(2.1) Monitor signal generation Block

This is a circuit block to generate the dummy interrogation signal simulating the interrogator.
It generates the high-frequency signal with the Arbitrariness frequency (one wave from
1025MHz to 1150MHz) and modulates the pulse to obtain the dummy interrogation signal.
The pulse modulation is based on the timing signal of the MON TX GATE and the MON TX
PULSE (See Figure 1.2.2.2-2).

Gain

RF Signal

0 Time

Gain

MON TX GATE

0 Time

Gain

Modurated TX GATE

0 Time

Gain

MON TX PULSE

0 Time

Gain

MON TX Signal

0 Time

Figure 1.2.2.2-2 Dummy interrogation generation timing

The dummy interrogation signal (MON TX Signal) is adjusted by the variable attenuator
(AT#11) and then, output outside. The output level is from +20dBm to -80dBm. The dummy
interrogation signal conditions are set by the LCD Unit (or RCMS). Refer to the Operation
Guidance for the detailed condition setting.

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

(2.2) Alarm generation

This block monitors whether the transponder normally operates. Monitored items are
shown below:
· Pulse Pair Spacing
· System Delay
· Reply Efficiency
· Transmission Rate
· ID
· Output Power
An alarm signal is generated and output to the CONT Unit if any failures occur in the
monitored items shown above.
Upper and lower limit to generate the alarm signal for the items can be set by the LCD Unit
(or RCMS). See the Operation Guidance for detailed setting.

The MON Unit has two functions to self-check its own monitoring function. One is the
automatic self-check. This function periodically generates the dummy Transponder transmission
signal for self-check. The other function is the manual method. In this function, a forced
self-check is executed by operating buttons on the front panel. The ID monitoring function is
checked only by the manual check. Figure 1.2.2.2-3 is a diagram showing the signal line for
self-check. S#11 and S#12 are switched to the red line when a self-check is performed. The
dummy Transponder transmission signal for self-check is input to the VIDEO DET circuit. The
LED for indicating a status of self-check on the front panel lights when monitor self-checking.

AT#11
0 ～ 100dB 960MHz ～ 1,215MHz
DC#11
DC#12 DC#13 (1025MHz ～ 1,150MHz)
TX：+25 ～ -75dBm
from C ATT BPF SW SW
RX：+25dBm 100kHz STEP
CONT Unit M
B -20dB f0；1080MHz TX PLS
RF OUT -20dB BW；255
MON
-20dB LPF DAC
SP
MON_GAUSS
INTERFER_SIG

ATT

FPGA
MON TX PLUSE

MON TX GATE
Dummy
interrogation
SELF_TEST PUSH
signal/self test
SW
signal generator
MON TX LEVEL(ALC) MON_START_PLS START PLS
VIDEO
DET
(to CONT Unit)
S#11
RX:+20dBm PLS_SPACE_ALM (P) PRI_ALM
VIDEO
960MHz ～ 1,215MHz TIMING_DLY_ALM (P) SEC_ALM
DET Transponder TX Pulse monitor
ATT ADC
SENSITIVITY_ALM (S) SELF_CHK_ALM
inside CONT
Transponder TX TX_RATE_ALM (S) ALM_MASK
VIDEO I/F part
from RX：+25dBm pulse monitor OUTPUT_PWR_ALM (S) SENSITIVITY_ALM_MASK
ATT DET Antenna Level Monitor
DME Antenna 960MHz ～ 1,215MHz DET_PLS ID_ALM (S) TEST_MODE
outside S#12
Self check select RPLY
PLS DET
RPY_PLS_DET
ID_KEY

20MHz

ID
monitor
Serial
Monitor data
I/F part COM 4
Control data

Figure 1.2.2.2-3 Schematic diagram of self-diagnosis

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.3 Transponder
The Transponder receives the interrogation signal from the aircraft and transmits the reply pulse
synchronized with the interrogation signal (See Figure 1.2.3-1).
The DME device has two transponders. Normally, either one of them (#1 or #2) is connected to the
DME Antenna and operated. If a trouble occurs, the Monitor and Changeover switches it to the
stand-by system Transponder. The Transponder consists of the following units:

TRX Unit: A key unit of the transponder has a transmitting/receiving circuit.

HPA Unit: A unit to amplify the transmission signal (approximately over 100W) output from the
TRX Unit to over 1kW.
DC Unit: A unit which receives +48VDC supplied from outside and supplies DC+48V power to the
HPA Unit. DC Unit also supplied DC+24V power to LCD Unit.

Pre-selector: A cavity resonance type band pass filter inserted into the received signal (DME Signal
(RX)) line with a function to attenuate signals outside the receiving band.

DME Antenna
DME signal
Transponder #1 (TX/RX) Transponder #2
Monitor andChangeover

DME signal DME signal

(TX) (TX)
HPA Unit HPA Unit
TRX Unit DME signal CONTUnit DME signal TRX Unit
(RX) (RX)

Control Control
signal signal

Monitor
signal
Alarm
DC Unit signal DC Unit

MON Unit #1

MON Unit #2

Equipment Status /
Control signal

+48V DC
+48V DC
LCD Unit

LAN

RCMS

Figure 1.2.3-1 Transponder block diagram

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.3.1 TRX Unit

(1) Outline
The TRX Unit receives the interrogation signal at the designated RF frequency, and outputs the
transmission signal to the HPA Unit. This unit consists of the RX Block which receives and
decodes the interrogation signal and the TX Block which generates the reply signal to the
interrogation signal. The reply signal is output to the HPA Unit and amplified, then, supplied to
the DME Antenna via the CONT Unit.

TX Block
BPF
f0；1080MHz ADF4360-1：(1050～1250MHz)
(to HPA Unit) (100W) (40W) (1W) RF CW ADF4360-2：(925～1085MHz)
BW；255
TX SIG 100W
ATT BPF SW 960MHz ～ 1,215MHz
RF OUT ID
MON 1MHz STEP
-40dB ID_PLS
FPGA
(From (CONT)
TX VIDEO EXT_ID_KEY/SYNC_#1
ID_TRIG
TX GATE ID I/F
TX GATE
TRPN_ON/OFF_#1
fc:150kHz
TX Pulse
LPF DAC
TX Pulse SKIT_TRIG SKIT Pulse
(from CONT Unit) Generate Generate
TX LEVEL (ALC) TX LEVEL (ALC)DATA

REFL LEVEL ADC TX TRIG

REFL LEVEL DATA TX_TRIG

RTY_TRIG

RX Block RX VIDEO
IF:63MHz
RX SIG
LNA BPF LPF ATT BPF LOG ADC

-10 ～ -95dBm f0；1086MHz fc:246MHz BW:3MHz

1025～1150MHz BW:125MHz @18.5MHz；-95dB
@±126MHz；-20dB @95.5MHz；-95dB
LOSS；0.7dB

fc:246MHz HPF
80MHz
PLS DET
Dummy PLS_DET
Load
PAIR PLS
DET
DDC (Digital Down Converter)
PAIR_PLS_DET

CIC FIR DEAD TIME

RX Pulse SIG
Decode
CIC FIR DEAD_TIME_SIG

Fc=150kHz
NCO MUX
SENSITIVITY_STS_#1
(to CONT Unit)
CIC FIR
Status Data
Serial COM (to LCD Unit)
CIC FIR Control Data
I/F

Fc=900kHz
NCO

CLK RX PLS MON

fs=20MHz TRX_STS_#1
WDT (to CONT Unit)

DAC
Rx_PLS

Figure 1.2.3.1-1 System diagram of TRX Unit

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(2) Function

(2.1) TX Block function

The Transponder generates the ID signal and squitter signal as well as the reply signal. The ID
signal takes top priority, the reply signal takes middle priority and the squitter signal takes
lowest priority.

(1) The ID signal is output with ID frequency (1350Hz) and equalizer interval.
(2) The squitter signal controls the number of generation so that it is generated according to
random timing, and the most small transmission rate of the transponder should not fall below
700pps.
(3) It has a function to set the reply delay time and other operation conditions from the LCD
UNIT (and RCMS).
(4) It has a function to turn ON/OFF the output of the transmission signal by the control from the
CONT UNIT.

(2.2) RX Block function

The received signal (1025MHz through 1150MHz) is amplified by the LNA, then, mixed
with the transmission frequency by the mix circuit and the frequency is converted to 63MHz
which is an IF(Intermediate-Frequency) band. The signal converted to the IF band is
band-limited by the band-pass filter (BW: 3MHz). After that, it is converted to the digital data
by the A/D convertor. The digital converted IF signal is converted to the base band signal by
the DDC (Digital Down Converter) and band-limited by the narrow low-pass filer(BW:
300kHz).

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1.2.3.2 HPA Unit

(1) Outline
The HPA Unit amplifies the transmitting signal output from the TRX Unit and outputs the signal to
the CONT Unit. The output power is over 1kW. Figure 1.2.3.2-1 shows the system diagram of the
HPA Unit.

RF AMP21
Power divider Power conbiner

RF AMP22

RF AMP1

RF IN RF OUT
From TRX Unit RF AMP23 To CONT Unit

Peak power: 100W (MAX)

Peak power :1kW (MIN)

RF AMP24

HPA STS
Status
To CONT Unit
Monitor

Figure 1.2.3.2-1 HPA Unit system diagram

(2) Function
The peak power of the transmitting signal output from the TRX Unit is approximately 50W~over
100W. This signal is amplified by the RF AMP1 and distributed into four systems. The distributed
signal is supplied to the RF AMP21 through RF AMP24 and amplified. The output of the RF AMP21
through RF AMP24 is combined and output. The peak power of the output signal is approximately
over 1kW.
The DC power supplied to the RF AMP1 and RF AMP21 through RF AMP24 is +48VDC. The
DC power is supplied from the DC Unit.
HPA Unit has the Status Monitor circuit that monitors a current of DC power and temperature
around the power-transistors. It detects alarm status, the HPA ALARM signal is output to the DC
Unit, then DC Unit stops power supply for HPA Unit. At the same time, the HPA ALARM signal is
also sent to the CONT Unit.

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1.2.3.3 DC Unit
See Section 1.2.4.

1.2.3.4 PRE-SELECTOR
This is a band-pass filter with three layers of filter circuit using a cavity resonator.
It adjusts capacitors in each layer so that the frequency characteristics shown in Figure 1.2.3.4-1
will be satisfied. A network analyzer is used for adjustments. Devices should be connected in
the manner shown in Figure 1.2.3.4-2.
Performances are shown below:

(1) 3dB bandwidth about 10MHz

(2) The attenuation to the image interference frequency (fr±2fi) shall be 75dB or more.
fr: Received frequency
fi: Intermediate frequency

(3) Passage attenuation at fr 2dB or less

Loss(dB)

0dB
-3dB

Less than
-75dB Less than -75dB

fr-2fi fr fr+2fi Frequency

BW: About 10MHz

Figure 1.2.3.4-1 Frequency characteristic of PRE-SELECTOR

J1 J2 Network-analyzer
W1: Coaxial cable
PRE-SELECTOR

W2: Coaxial cable

Figure 1.2.3.4-2 Test splice of PRE-SELECTOR

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

1.2.4 Power supply system

Figure 1.2.4-1 shows the system diagram of the Power supply system.

Transponder #1

DC Unit #1
DC1 CB
+48V +48V +48V_OUT1 HPA Unit TRX Unit
(300W) #1 #1

+24V
LCD Unit
(100W)
N.C.

+5V
CONT Unit
(15W)
DC1_STS
DC2_STS

Transponder #2

DC Unit #2
MON Unit #1

+5V
(15W)

+24V
(100W)
MON Unit #2
DC2 CB
+48V +48V +48V_OUT2 HPA Unit TRX Unit
(300W) #1 #1

Monitor and Changeover

Figure 1.2.4-1 Schematic diagram of Power supply system

Two lines of +48VDC correspond to each Transponder. This allows you to service one transponder
(e.g., replacement) during operation by turning off the +48VDC for the stand-by transponder without
posing problems on the operations.
The Monitor and Changeover uses two lines of +48VDC connected parallel by the diode OR circuit,
which allows you to operate the device with one power source turned off.
The DC Unit is a part of the Transponder. This unit supplies stabilized +48VDC to the HPA Unit,
and have the DC/DC Converter to generate +24VDC for the LCD Unit. +48VDC supplied to the HPA
Unit has a function to turn off the output by the alarm signal output when a failure occurs in the HPA
Unit.

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1.2.5 LCD Unit

(1) Overview
The LCD Unit connected to the CONT Unit via the serial communication (RS-232C interface) is a
touch-panel computer to service the equipment. Additionally, it has a function as a user interface
which controls, monitors and perform various setting (thresholds, adjustment values and options) on
the local side of the DME (the side on which the DME device is installed).
It controls and monitors the DME device during normal operation.
It obtains detailed monitoring signals and measurement signals of each unit constituting the DME
device when the equipment is serviced.
It changes parameters of each unit and adjusts the performance of the device during adjustments.

(2) Interface between DME chassis

The LCD Unit inputs and outputs the control signal, monitoring signal, detailed monitoring signal
and adjustment signal from the CONT Unit. It is connected to other units by the USB interface via
the USB/COM converter to output and input the detailed monitoring signal, measurement data and
adjustment data, etc.
It also communicates with the RCMS installed on the remote side to output various data on the
local side and receive the remote control signal.
Figure 1.2.5-1 shows the schematic diagram of the LCD Unit.

Monitor and Changeover RS-232C COM 1 LAN

LAN 1 (TCP/IP) RCMS
CONT Unit
(REMOTE)
COM 2 LAN
Transponder #1 LAN 2 (TCP/IP) RCMS
TRX Unit
LCD Unit (LOCAL)
Transponder #2 COM 3 (12 inch color touch panel)
TRX Unit USB
USB ⇔ RS-232C
Monitor and Changeover COM 4 COM 2
Modem Modem RCMS
MON Unit #1

Monitor and Changeover COM 5

MON Unit #2

Figure 1.2.5-1 Schematic diagram of LCD Unit

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

(2.1) LCD Unit function

LCD Unit performs the following actions to execute functions shown above.

(2.1.1) Control action (Main)

The control action controls the DME device. The LCD Unit can perform control actions only
when the control right of the device is in the local state.

(2.1.2) Monitoring action (Main)

The monitoring action displays the operation status of the DME device and status of
equipment.

(2.1.3) Detailed monitoring and measurement action (Monitor)

The detailed monitoring and measurement action display the status of the equipment of the
DME device.

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1.2.6 RCMS

(1) Overview
The RCMS (Remote Control Monitoring System) terminal is PC that installed a RCMS
application software. The RCMS is connected to the LCD Unit via the LAN or the public
telephone line through modem to control and monitor the DME device.
It has a function to control and monitor the DME device connected to the RCMS. It also obtains
the detailed signal and measurement signal of each unit constituting the DME device for
maintenance the equipment. Additionally, it has a function to change parameters of each unit
constituting the device and adjust the performances of the device.

(2) Connection to LCD Unit

It can be connected to the LCD Unit via the LAN in the local station, via the LAN in the remote
station and via the modem. Figure 1.2.6-1 shows the connection diagram of the RCMS.

DME Equipment

RS-232C Dial-up RS-232C COM

Modem Modem

RCMS (Remote2)

LAN(TCP/IP) LAN1
LCD Unit

RCMS (Remote1)

LAN(TCP/IP) LAN2

RCMS (Local)

Figure 1.2.6-1 Connection diagram of RCMS

(Note)
DME is controllable from RCMS when the following conditions.

LCD Unit Connection

1. REMOTE RCMS - COM or LAN1
2. LOCAL RCMS – LAN2

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1.2.7 Reliability Data

(1) MTBF : High power : More than 7100 Hours, at +20 degrees C

(2) MTTR : Less than 30 minutes (Not exceed 120 minutes in all LRU)

(3) MTBO : More than 19100 Hours, at +20 degrees C

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 Doc. No. B01961150-02 Rev.C

EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC)

The regulation references

Radio Equipment directive: 2014 / 53 / EU

The Name and address of the manufacture

Toshiba Infrastructure Systems & Solutions Corporation Komukai Complex

1, Komukai, Toshiba-cho, Saiwai-ku Kawasaki 212-8581 Japan

Product description
DME
Description of procedure followed in order to declare conformity of Radio Equipment directive:
2014 / 53 / EU

Toshiba corporation have read and understood the essential requirements pertaining to
the DME Model No. TW4134A to Z. Toshiba declares the DME TW4134A to Z meets
all applicable essential requirements of Radio Equipment directive: 2014 / 53 / EU

All the relevant provisions met by the constituent

ICAO Annex 10 6th Ed.

EN 50383, EN 50385
EN 60215+A1+A2
EN 61000-4-4, EN 61000-4-6
EN 301 489-1, EN 301 489-22

Name and address of notified body

Radio Equipment directive Notified Body: Telefication

Edisonstraat 12A, 6902 PK Zevenaar, The Netherlands
Notified body number 0560

BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR HR IT CY LV
LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK