1

sIm¯phmf·mcpw hÆmenIfpw:

tIcf Ipeo\XbpsS teml\m¡phoip¶ Ddpan

tUm. APbv tiJÀ, Cw¥ojv hn`mKw, Kh. tImtfPv, ImkdtKmUv

aebmf kn\nabnepw dmwt_m AhXcn¡p¶p. Atacn¡³ A[n\nthi¯nsâ Gähpw

ap´nb tlmfnhpUv ]pcpj _nw_amb dmwt_msb \mWn¸n¡p¶ hnPrw`nX icochpw
BW¯w apänb amwkt]inIfpw {IucylnwkIfpambn aebmf¯nse Ipeo\ sImebmfn
Nnd¡Â sIm¯phmfmbn ]rYzncmPv Ahtcm[n¡s¸Sp¶p Ddpan F¶ Ne¨n{X¯nÂ.
A\´`{Zw t]mepÅ Nn{X§sfSp¯ kt´mjv inh³ F¶ Ombm{KmlIsâ ]pXnb
Nn{XamWv Cu APm\p_mlphmb AXnam\hs\ aebmf¯n Act§äp¶Xv.

Atacn¡³ dmwt_m Gjy³ cmPy§fn XoXp¸pt¼mÄ aebmf Ipeo\\mb tIfp

\mb\mÀ ZoÀLImb\pw AanX{]thK\pamb hncmSv]pcpj\mbn ]IÀ¶mSn bqtdm]y³
A[n\nthi iànIÄs¡Xnsc \ofhpw aqÀ¨bptadnb teml\m¡p t]mepÅ Ddpan
hoinbmSp¶p. ]d¦nIfpsS Xp¸m¡n¡pÅ ae_mdnsâ adp]Snbt{X Ddbpw Dfp¸panÃm¯
Acbv¡pNpäp¶ Cu Ddpan.

`qXImes¯ Ipdn¨pÅ I]SmJym\§Ä \nÀan¨v kz´w Ncn{Xs¯ Xs¶ XnI¨pw

amänsbgpXn iqckyhpw hwita·bpw `mh\mßIambn hmNmtSm]¯neqsS \nÀan¡p¶ aebmf
iq{Zt_m[¯nsâ kam\XIfnÃm¯ \mhnsâ, `mjWm[oiXz¯nsâ Hcp anI¨ cq]Iw
IqSnbmIp¶p Cu Ahkm\s¯ Bbp[w. temlsa¦nepw \mKs¯ t]mse AXv Abªp
Npäp¶p. \nhÀ¯nbmepw \mbv¡fpsS hmep t]mse hfªp Npäp¶ CcpXeaqÀ¨bpÅ
amcImbp[at{X Ddpan.

\m¡ntâbpw `mjW¯ntâbpw BJym\¯ntâbpw _e¯n CÃm¯ Hcp

kphÀWImes¯ D­m¡n kmwkvImcnIamb Dulaqe[\§sf hnIkn¸n¨v tIcf¯nse
{]_e _eX{´iànbmbn kzbw Ahtcm[n¡s¸« Hcp htcWy kmaqly hn`mK¯nsâ
kzXz\nÀanXnbpsS Btbm[\ kqNIambpw Cu hfphgp¸³ Bbp[¯nsâ
Ne¨n{Xh¡cWs¯ ImWmhp¶XmWv.

Btbm[\w, kzXzw, Ncn{Xw,

A\´`{Z¯n \mKamWnIy¯nsâ IYbt\zjn¨v hwiob A]c§fmb sN¼t\bpw

Idp¼t\bpw X½neSn¸n¨v `{ZkamKa§fpw tIfohnemk§fpw A\hcXw XpSÀ¶
\mbIhoc·mÀ ChnsS Bbp[¸Wn¡mcmb aqimcnamtcbpw sIm÷mtcbpw a®nÂ
 2

]WnsbSp¡p¶ ZenXtcbpw aäpw \m¡pw Ddpanbpw \o«n ]dªnf¡n KmatbmSpÅ IpSn¸I

XoÀ¡p¶p. CSbn X{¼m«namcpw `KhXnamcpw apÉow kv{XoIfpamb \nch[n
s]®p§fpambpÅ \nc´c kamKa§fpw ]WnbmfcpsS taepÅ aÀ±\XmWvUh§fpw Xcw
t]mse tNÀ¯n«pap­v.

]Xn\©mw \qäm­nsâ A´y¯n IY XpS§p¶p. KmabpsS BZy kµÀi\¯nÂ

h[n¡s¸Sp¶ Nndbv¡Â sIm¯phmfmb Bcy AhXcn¸n¡p¶ In¶c Ipeo\\mb
\mb\mcpsS aI³ tIfp\mb\mÀ ZiI§tfmfw Im¯ncp¶v Kmatbbpw aIt\bpw lnwkn¨v
IpSn¸Ibpw Ipealnabpw ASn¨pd¸n¡p¶XmWv CXnhr¯w. Irjn¸Wn¡msc sImebv¡p
sImSp¯v ]S\bn¨ \mbIhoc·mÀ a®v X§fptSXmsW¶v C¶pw kaImetIcf¯nÂ
hochmZw ]dbmdp­v. _lpP\§fpsS `qanbpsS taepÅ {]YanI AhImis¯ IpSneambn
Xpc¦w hbv¡p¶ Hcp hotcXnlmk ]pWy]pcmW hmZamWnXv.

]S\mbI¯hpw `qanbpw iq{Zm[nImc \ncq]Whpw

tIcf¯n iq{Zm[nImcw `qan ssI¿mfnbXv Cu IpSneamb ]S\mbI

km[qIcW¯nsâ ]pd¯mWv. `q]cnjvIcWs¯ XpSÀ¶v C¶pw ]qÀ¯nbmhm¯ `qanbpsS
ss\XnIamb hnXcWs¯ \nc´cw A«nadn¡m³ tIcf Ipeo\X D]tbmKn¡p¶ I]Shpw
P\mb¯ hncp²hpamb hmZ§fn {]_eambXmWnXv. hnZym`ymkþtkh\ cwK§fnse
IptNehmZhpw ]¸\mhhmZhpw t]mepÅ Cu A[oi lnwkmhmZs¯ ]Ssh«nhmZw Ft¶m
\Sp\mbI¯hmZw Ft¶m hnfn¡mw. IÀjIcpsS A[zm\¯ntâbpw \nIpXnbptSbpw
ASna¯¯ntâbpw Dugnbw thebptSbpw _e¯nemsW¦nepw ]S\bn¨Xv X§fmsW¶pw
BbXn\m sh«n¸nSn¨ `qanbpsS kzm`mhnI DStbmÀ X§fmsW¶papÅ ]gInb
]S\mbIhmZw F¶pw CXns\ hnfn¡mhp¶XmWv.

tIcf¯nse `qan¡ptaepÅ Cu {]_eamb km{¼ZmbnI khÀW iq{ZhmZ¯nsâ

Ne¨n{XmhnjvImcambmWv kt´mjv inhsâ Ddpan kaImenI tIcf¯nsâ kwkvImc
]cnkc¯v Øm\s¸Sp¶Xv. `qan¡p th­nbpÅ BZna ASnØm\ P\XIfpsS kac§Ä
sImSp¼ncns¡mÅp¶ kmaqly cmjv{Sob kµÀ`¯nemWv alpP\am[ya¯n IqSnbpÅ Du
P\hncp²hpw I]Shpamb `qhpSaØXmhmZw apt¶m«p hcp¶Xv F¶pIqSn {i²nt¡­XmWv.

A[n\nthi kwkvImc¯nsâ A{`mJym\w

Ncn{X]cambn {_mÒWm[n\nthit¯msSm¸w GXm­v Bdv, Ggmw \qämt­msS am{Xw

]cnNmcIcpw ]mZPcpw ImemfpIfpw ImhemfpIfpambn h¶v ^yqUÂ
ssk\nIh¡cW¯neqsS IncmXlnwk \S¯n {_mÒWy¯nsâ kwØm]\¯n\mbn
sh«nbpw sIm¶pw kw_Ô k{¼Zmb¯neqsS kz´w kv{XoItf Xs¶ ]utcmlnXy
B¬tImbvabv¡p Imgv¨h¨pw AXv ta\nbmbn \Sn¨p ]dªpw tNmcbneqsSbpw ssewKnI
 3

Zmky¯neqsSbpw tZhkzhpw {_Òkzhpam¡namänb `qanbpsS ImW¡mccmbn amdnb aebmf

iq{ZcpsS `qhpSamhmZw ASnØm\ _lpP\kapZmb§sf kw_Ôn¨v iq² Akw_Ôhpw
Ncn{X]chpw Úm\kn²m]chpamb lnwkbpw XakvIcWhpw IqSnbmWv. {_mÒWnIamb
B´cm[n\nthi kwkvImcw ]nXrXz {]XnkÔntbmsS P·w sImSp¯ Zmky¯ntâXmb
hnt[b kwkvImchpw IpÂknXhpw a\pjyhncp²hpamb hyhlmchpamWv
aWn{]hfkwkvImc¯nsâ D¸¶amb tIcf khÀWX. {_mÒWnIamb B´cm[n\nthiw
\nÀ±b X{´§fneqsS tZhkzhpw {_Òkzhpam¡n BXy´nIambn P·kzam¡nb `qanbpsS
ImW¡mcpw Imcy¡mcpambn iq{ZkmhÀWyw a[yImew apXÂ sRfnªphimbn.

\thm°m\ Ime¯v Iogmf {]Øm\§fpw sshIpWvT kzmanIÄ apXÂ ktlmZc³

htcbpÅ ssPh_p²nPohnIfpw P\mb¯ ]ptcmKa\ {]Øm\§fpw \nc´cambn tNmZyw
sN¿pIbpw \ncmIcn¡pIbpw sNbvX Cu ]S\mbI `qhpSaØXmhmZt¯bmWv
teml\m¡nsâ DdpansIm­v kt´mjnsâ Nn{Xw \nÀ`mKyhim ho­pw BhÀ¯n¡pIbpw
]p\cm\bn¨pd¸n¡m³ InWªp {ian¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv. CXn\pth­n {_mÒWnIhpw
£{Xnbhpamb cmPm[nImc¯nsâ, IrXyambn ]dªm Nndbv¡Â X¼pcmsâ hmÄ¡mc\mb
(s]mXpsImebmfnsbt¶m Bcm¨msct¶m a\Ênem¡mw, {_ÒWnk¯nsâ sl©vam³
F¶mwKew) sIm¯phmfns\ sIm­v Kmasb sImÃn¡pIbpw aIsâ ssI
sIm¯nbcnbn¡pIbpw hsc sN¿p¶p \h Ddpan \mbI³amÀ.

ssI¿pw Xebpw sIm¯nbcnbm³ A[nImcapÅ ImW¡mÀ

sIm¯phmf·mcpw s]mXphmf·mcpw Ipdp¸·mcpw tat\m¡nIfpamb

Zmkyhrµ§fptSbpw tNmc¸cnjIfptSbpw D]Pm]§fpw a®nt\mSpw s]®nt\mSpapÅ
BÀ¯nIfpw tNmc¡fnIfpw tIfohnemk§fpw \mbv¡tfbpw \mWn¸n¡p¶
A[nImct¯mSpÅ Zmkyhpw tIcf Ncn{Xw Hcp]mSp I­XmWv. tIcf Ncn{X¯nse Gähpw
£p{Zhpw \mWw sI«Xpamb aWn{]hmf L«¯n\pw arKob enwKþPmXn hyhØnXn¡pw
hgnsXfn¨Xv ]Shmf·mcptSbpw \mbIiqc·mcptSbpw Cu htcWy BW¯ hmgv¨bmWv.
AXnsâ Ipeo\hpw {_mÒWZmky {][m\hpamb B¬tImbvam A]Zm\§fpsS t]inIsf
s]cp¸n¨v {]ZÀin¸n¨v ]mSn¸pIgv¯n _lpP\§fpsS ]Ww hm§n¯s¶ AhcpsS taÂ
ASnt¨Â¸n¡p¶Xv Ne¨n{Xw F¶ kmaqlyam[yat¯mSpw kaqlt¯mSp s]mXpthbpw
sN¿p¶ ka{Km[oi]camb kmwkvImcnI IpäIrXyamWv.

Gähpw ap´nb kmt¦XnI ssh`h§fpsS _e¯n bphP\§fpsS a\ÊpIsf

Ffp¸¯n IogS¡p¶ C¯cw htcWy kmwkvImcnI IpäIrXy§Ä \ninXamb _lpP\
hnaÀi hmb\Isf Bhiys¸Sp¶p. Nn{X¯nsâ N¦nSn¸n¡p¶ kwL«\cwK§sf Ipdn¨pw
N¦pIe¡p¶ \r¯\rXy tIfnItf¡pdn¨pw am{Xta km[mcW t{]£IÀ
BIpecmIp¶pÅp.
 4

bph kwKoXImc·mcn AXpey\mb Zo]Iv tZhnsâ kwKoXs¯ C§t\bpw

Zpcp]tbmKw sN¿msa¶pw k©bv kp{_aWyw F¶ Ncn{XImcsâ t]cns\ C§t\bpw
iq\yam¡mw F¶p IqSn cmaIrjvWþinh {]`rXnIÄ t_m[yam¡n¯¶p. tIcf¯nsâ
aX]camb _lpkzcXbpsS {]Xn\n[m\w F¶ a«n AhXcn¸n¡p¶ IYm]m{X§tfbpw
kv{XoIYm]m{X§tfbpw hniIe\w sNbvXm Ne¨n{XmJym\¯nsâ clkyhnh£Ifpw
Im]Sy§fpw lnwkmIma\Ifpw P\hncp²Xbpw IqSpXÂ hyàamIp¶p.

P\{]nbXbneqsS km[qIcn¡s¸Sp¶ kmwkvImcnI ]mXI§Ä

tIfp\mb\mcpsS k´XklNmcnbpw \ngepamb hÆmensb t\m¡pI. ae_mÀ

Xoc¯v F«mw \qämt­msS am¸nfamÀ kar²amWv F¶p \ap¡dnbmw. {]hmNI\p ap¼v _n.
kn. Ime¯p Xs¶ Ad_v hy]mcnIfpsS km¶n[yw ae_mÀ Xoc¯v Ncn{X]camb
bmYmÀYyw Bbncnbvs¡ Hcp Xangv apkÂam\pw IpSpw_hpamWt{X sIm¯phmfnsâ tams\
tNmdpsImSp¯p kwc£n¡p¶Xv. Hcp ‘]m­n¯pep¡’sâ ]Xdnb `mjWhpw
tImamfncq]hpamWv aebmf dmwt_msb¶ AXnam\pj Ipeo\sâ AXnImb¯n\pw
AXn`mjW¯n\pw Ahsâ A\´amb \mhn\pw AXnsâ temlmbp[ cq]Ihpw
lnwkmkm[\hpamb Ddpan¡pw amäpIq«p¶Xv.

hnNn{Xhpw hnIrXhpamb \maIcWw Xs¶ Bensb hmepw hÆmepam¡p¶p .

{]`ptZhsb¶ Iuie¡mc\mb \SnIsâ icoc`mjbmsW¦n ]dbpIbpw th­.
]m­n¯pep¡³ htcWy\mb D¯a]pcpj\Ã shdpw ]dh, ]nWamtI­ P´p. ]d¶p
\S¡p¶ arKamb hÆmÂ. \mb\mcpsS hml\hpw clkytXmg\pamb hmemWv hÆmen.
\mb\mcpsS Poh³ t]mIp¶Xn\p ap¼p Xs¶ hmepw \nÝeamIp¶p. hÆmen¡v kzX{´amb
ssewKnI kzXzhpw NmeIXbpw t]mepw CsöpÅXpw {it²bamWv.

]£narK cq]nIfpw kzXzþ{]Xn\n[m\ lnwkIfpw

\mb\mcpsS Ima]qcW¯n\pw AXoXKa\§Ä¡pw ]S\mbIXz¯n\pw th­nbmWv

hÆmensb¶ hm Pohn¡p¶Xpw acn¡p¶Xpw. ]dhbpw arKhpaÃm¯ Hcp hnIrXcq]nbpsS
]X\w A{X ZmcpWaÃtÃm. hnZym_me³ AhXcn¸n¡p¶ am¡sa¶ `KhXntbmSp \mb\mÀ
ssih Xm{´nI {InbIfmSpt¼mÄ AXnsâ Hmc§fn In¶c\mbn Ipchbn«p can¡p¶p
hÆmen.

]dhbpw arKhpw a\pjy\paÃm¯ Cu apkÂam\neqsS Ne¨n{Xw tIcfNcn{Xt¯bpw

kwkvImct¯bpw kaqlt¯bpw Ipdn¨p \S¯p¶ {]kvXmh§Ä A[zm\¯nsâ D¸p]pc­
]Ww sImSp¯v kn\na ImWp¶ _lpP\§Ä Kuchambn ImtW­Xp­v. bYmÀY¯nÂ
ChnsS aqIhpw AZriyhpamIp¶Xv hÆmenbà IpªmenbmWv. Ipªmen acbv¡mÀ
IpSpw_¯nse \nch[nbmb tbm²m¡fpw bYmÀY hoc·mcpw AhcpsS sFXnlmknIamb
 5

BßXymK¯nsâ Ncn{XhpamWv Nn{Xw AZriyam¡p¶Xpw hnIrXh¡cW¯neqsS

A]lkn¡p¶Xpw. t]mÀ¨pKokpImÀs¡Xnsc ae_mdn\pth­n t]mcmSnbXpw
càkm£nXzw hcn¨Xpw IpªmenamcmWv.

hm¡nepw t\m¡nepapÅ ]cnlmkyXbneqsSbpw Ipeo\ \mbI]pcpj\p

th­n\S¯p¶ BßXymK¯neqsSbpw ]£nþarK hnNn{Xcq]nbmb hÆmen GXm­v kzbw
CÃmXmIpt¼mÄ s]®p§fptSXmb \o­]S Xs¶ ]S\mbI\mb sIm¯phmfnsâ hocyhpw
]ucpjhpw s]cp¡m\mbn Dugnbw thesbSp¡p¶p­v. Nnd¡se _me¯{¼m«n apXÂ
ac¡e¯ntedn hS¡p\n¶pw h¶ am¡sa¶ `KhXn hsc Cu hgnbn Hcp]mSv
A¨nbm«§fpw Zmknbm«§fpamSn NmWIy cmjv{SX{´¯nse X§fpsS
D®nbmSnþssPhm[nImcw Cfb \mb\mcnte¡p ]Icp¶p.

`KhXnbpw A¨namcpw ]ns¶ Imtam]a\mb tIcf dmwt_mbpw

kv{XoIÄ¡mÀ¡pw Xs¶ kzX{´amb hyànIÀXrXztam kmaqly NmeIXtbm

ssewKnI COmiàntbm CsöpÅXpw {]kàamWv. ]SIÄ¡nSbn \mb\mcpsS
icoc¯n\pw a\Ên\pw DÃmkw \ÂIpIbt{X ChcpsS Poh\Ie. CXp t]mcmªn«mWv
Adbv¡se AbnjbpambpÅ clkythgv¨Ifpw t{]akamKa§fpw. P\n¡ps¶¦nÂ,
Pohn¡ps¶¦n AXv cmP`cW tIcf¯nse Hcp sIm¯phmfmb \mb\mbcmbn
Xs¶bmhWw F¶v km[mcW t{]£IÀ¡v tXm¶p¶ Xc¯nepÅ KÔÀh In¶camb
]qh¼³ ]S\mbI]ucpjamWv tIfp\mb\mcn ]Wns¸«v k¶nthin¸n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Cu
Ipeo\ ImatZh³ Hcmfà KpcphmbqÀ IrjvWt\ t]mse At\I\mWv. ]Sbpw cXnbpw
KXnbpsaÃmw ]pamsâ {]]© \S\w, shdpw eoe.

tIcf dmwt_mbpsS icocNmeIXbpw \nXm´ ssewKnIXbpw B{ImaI BW¯hpw

AXoXhpw AXnam\pjhpw ka{Km[n]Xy]chpamWv. Ne¨n{XImc·mcpsS (Xnc¡YmImc\pw
kwhn[mbI\pw) `qXImes¯ Ipdn¨pÅ Ima\bpw IqSnbmWv Cu ]IÀ¶mSp¶ ]S\mbI
]m{Xw Xpd¶p Im«p¶Xv. ka{K {IaoIcW tijnbpw AXoX NmeIXbpw XnIª
\mbI\neqsS kaqlt¯bpw kwkvImct¯bpw Ncn{Xt¯bpw Ipdn¨pÅ X§fpsS
ka{Km[oi lnwkm t_m[§fpw hwiob Ima\Ifpw Xs¶bmWv AhÀ _lpP\ ka£w
Imgv¨hbv¡p¶Xv. AhcpsS DÅpIm«p¶Xn A{`mJym\w Ip¼kmc¯nsâ ]¦p hln¡p¶p.

BßcXnbpsS càNcn{Xhpw A{``mjyhpw

tNmcbptSbpw IpSneXbptSbpw IpSn¸IbptSbpw ssewKnI Zmky¯ntâbpw

hÀWenwKm`nam\¯ntâbpw B`nPmXy¯ntâXpamb hoc\mbI iq{ZNcnX¯neqsS AhÀ
shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xv kz´w `mjmkwkvImc Ncn{Xs¯ Ipdn¨v ss\XnIhpw P\mb¯]chpamb
bmsXmcp Xncn¨dnhpw Ahsc sXm«pXo­nbnt«bnà F¶mWv. B`nPmXy¯ntâbpw htcWy
 6

Ipeo\ B¬tImbvabptSbpw cmPm[nImc hnip²ØenIfn Xs¶bmWv D¶X

hnZym`ymkhpw kmt¦XnIssh`hhpw t\Snb ]pXpXeapd htcWycpw A`ncan¡p¶Xv F¶p
IqSnbmWv \mb\mc·mcpsS DdpanNcnXw hyàam¡p¶Xv.

AXpsIm­mWv ]rYznbpsS {_mÒWnI icocs¯ Nn{Xw BtLmjn¡p¶Xpw

t]ins]cp¸n¨v sImesIm¼s\ t]mse sI«nsbgp¶Ån¡p¶Xpw. hÆmenbpambpw CXc
A[zm\ icoc§fpw Ipdnb Idp¯ cq]§fpambpÅ ZriyXmcXay¯neqsSbmWv \mb\mcpsS
{_mÒWnIhpw hwiiqcXzw hnPrw`n¡p¶Xpamb aknepIfpw NpaepIfpw AXoXcq]hpw
AXnam\h`mhhpw ssIs¡mÅp¶Xv. IÀjIcmb Iogmfcpambpw `mjm]chpw aX]chpamb
\yq\kzXzamb hÆmenbpambpw icocam{Xcpw Zmknamcpamb s]®p§fpambpw
hnVnthj¡mcmb ]d¦nIfpw aäpambpÅ XmcXay¯n \mb\mÀ Gsd ap¶nepw Dbc¯nepw
\nesImÅp¶p.

{_mÒWnI icochpw iq{Z BW¯hpw aqe[\ NmeIXbpw

hwiob ta·mhmZ¯ntâbpw kwkvImc htcWyhmZ¯ntâbpw Ipeo\

B`nPmXyhmZ¯ntâbpw aqÀ¯cq]amWv \mb\mcmbn Ahtcm[n¡s¸Sp¶ ]rYznbpsS
{_mÒWnI icocw. ]cnhmc¯nsâ Nn{XoIcW§fn sXfnbp¶ hnÃpIpe¨p \n¡p¶
Bcy]p{X\pw BßmcaW\pw _mentbbpw cmhWt\bpw iw_qIt\bpw CXc Zm\h, am\h,
hm\c, In¶c hoc·mtcbpw Ime]pcn¡b¨, t{]amXpcbmb cm£kIpamcnbpsS aq¡pw
apebpw tOZn¸n¨, `qao]p{Xnsb Dt]£n¨ km£m ]pcptjm¯a\mb cmasâ
cq]Kmw`ocyt¯mSv F´psIm­pw ASp¯p \n¡p¶p tIfp\mb\mcmbn AgnªmSp¶
]rYznbpw Aѳ sIm¯phmfmbn AhXcn¨p hcp¶ Bcybpw.

B hoc_mlp¡fpw akvXI§Ä t]mepÅ amdnS§fpw XpS¡m¼pIfpw hncnª

NpaepIfpw DbÀ¶ \mknIbpw hnimeamb s\än¯Shpw GXv Bcyhwim`nam\ntbbmWv
]pfInX\m¡m¯Xv. k\mX\nIfmb hncmSv]pcpj·mcptSbpw ]pam\vamcptSbpw hocNcnXw
sX¶n´y¡mcpsS ta C¶v \mep `mjIfn tXtcm«w \S¯pIbtÃm. AjvSmwKlrZbw
FgpXnb hmKv`S\pw {_mÒWnks¯ ]p\Øm]\w sNbvX i¦c\pw tIcf¯n Xs¶
P\n¨p F¶XmWv Ncn{X¯nsâ sshcp²yw.

hos­Spt¡­p¶ t]mcm«§fpw Ncn{XIÀXrXz§fpw

bYmÀY¯n ae_mdntâbpw tIcf¯ntâbpw sX¶n´ybpsS Xs¶bpw Xoc§sf

Ncn{XmXoX Imew sXm«pIm¯pt]m¶ [ohccptSbpw ao\hcptSbpw am¸nfamcptSbpw
acbv¡mÀ IpSpw_¯ntâbpw Ncn{Xhpw AkvXnXzhpw Xs¶ Cu htcWy `qXIma\bnÂ
AenªnÃmXmIp¶p. tIcfXochpw IS¶v e£Zzo]pw amenZzo]pw aeKmknbpw B{^n¡³
Xoc§fpw sX¡pw Ing¡pw Cughpw Imwt_mPhpaS¡w I¸tem«nb tIcf\mhnIcptSbpw
 7

bYmÀY Iogmf t]mcmfnIfptSbpw Ncn{Xw Cu iq{ZmJym\¯n AZriyamIp¶p. Ncn{Xs¯

\nc´cw ambn¡pIbpw bmYmÀYys¯ \mWw sI« \o­ teml\m¡mb Ddpan hoin \nc´cw
amänsbgpXpIbpw sN¿p¶ tIcf khÀWXbpsS Øncw {InbmX{´amWv ChnsS
ZriyamIp¶Xv. A[zm\¯nsâ ]Ww sImSp¯v C¯cw kmt¦XnI B`mk§Ä ImWm³
t]mIp¶ _lpP\§fmWv CXns\ Ipdn¨v Pm{KX Imt«­Xv.

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5þ3þ11

APbv tiJÀ, AJne, KmÔn\KÀ ]n Hm. tIm«bw 8

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