A Feasibility Study of Natural Pesticide Production in Koronadal City, South Cotabato

GREEN VALLEY COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC
Km.2, Bo.2, Gensan Drive, Koronadal City

Tel No.: 228-9722 / email: info@greenvalleyph.com
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS
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A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NATURAL PESTICIDE PRODUCTION IN
KORONADAL CITY, SOUTH COTABATO
Presented to the Faculty of the School of Business Green Valley College
Foundation, Inc., Bo.2, km.2, Gensan Drive, Koronadal City South
Cotabato, Philippines
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in
Business Administration Major in Marketing Management
By:
BARRIENTOS, ALLAN M.
ROQUERO, IRISH JANE
SANDAO, JOHN MICHAEL T.
CERBAÑA, ROLYN JAMES
ANTHONY F. GAMOLO
Adviser
BARRIENTOS, CERBAÑA, ROQUERO, AND SANDAO, 2024

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A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NATURAL PESTICIDE PRODUCTION IN KORONADAL CITY, SOUTH COTABATO
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OCTOBER 2024
CHAPTER I
Background of the Study
The global population, currently standing at 7 billion, is anticipated to
experience an annual growth of 70 million, reaching an estimated 9.2 billion
by 2050—an increase of 30%. This surge in population is expected to
intensify the demand for food production by 70%, driven in large part by shifts
in dietary preferences in developing nations. Notably, there is a growing
inclination toward high-quality foods, such as increased consumption of meat
and dairy products, coupled with a rising trend of using grains for livestock
feed.
The statement by Popp (2013) highlights the significant challenges
brought about by global population growth and changing dietary habits. It
notes that the world's population is projected to increase by 70 million people
annually, reaching 9.2 billion by 2050, driving a 30% rise in food demand.
However, there's a scarcity of available agricultural land, and expanding it
would likely harm natural ecosystems. Additionally, there's a trend towards
using agricultural land for bio-based commodities instead of food production.
This necessitates the production of more food with fewer resources,
emphasizing the urgency of sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the
statement underscores the need to address pest-related output losses to
enhance agricultural productivity in the face of these challenges.

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The general population also plays an important influence in defining
pesticides' future use in agriculture. However, as long as there is a demand
for pesticide-based pest management solutions and food security concerns,
the externality issues related with pesticides' human and environmental health
consequences must be addressed.
Affordable insecticides cut production costs for farmers, especially
benefiting small-scale and resource-limited ones. This cost reduction ensures
wider access, leveling the economic playing field for farming. Essential for
crop protection, economical pesticides promote higher usage, leading to
increased yields, improved food security, and reduced losses in challenging
areas. Accessible pest management mitigates significant agricultural losses,
easing the pressure on land and resources. Moreover, affordable pesticides
enable farmers to boost production, fostering economic growth in rural
regions. Additionally, cost-effective insecticides encourage the adoption of
environmentally friendly pest management practices by reducing the risk of
overuse or misuse.
The primary goal of this research is to assist farmers and small
businesses. Organic pesticides can enhance the marketability of farm
products, leading to increased sales and profits. As consumers become more
health-conscious and environmentally aware, there is a growing demand for
organic and pesticide-free produce. By using organic pesticides, farmers can
meet this demand, differentiate their products in the market, and command
premium prices for their crops. This not only boosts the financial returns for
farmers but also improves the overall economic viability of their agricultural

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business. Moreover, adhering to organic practices can lead to organic
certification, which opens up access to niche markets and creates
opportunities for value-added products, further diversifying revenue streams
for the business.
Rationale of the study
The purpose of this research is to support farmers and small
businesses by exploring the use of organic pesticides as an alternative pest
management approach. Organic pesticides have the potential to enhance the
marketability of farm products, leading to increased sales and profits. As
consumer preferences shift towards organic and pesticide-free produce,
farmers who adopt organic pest management practices can meet this
demand, differentiate their products in the market, and command premium
prices. This not only benefits the financial returns of farmers but also
contributes to the overall economic sustainability of their agricultural
businesses. Moreover, adhering to organic practices can lead to organic
certification, opening up access to niche markets and creating opportunities
for value-added products, further diversifying revenue streams.
In light of these challenges and opportunities, this study aims to
investigate the adoption of affordable and sustainable pest management
practices, with a focus on organic pesticides, in Koronadal City. By exploring
the benefits and challenges of using organic pesticides in a real-world context,
this research will contribute valuable insights for both local farmers and the

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broader agricultural community facing similar challenges in an era of
population growth, changing dietary habits, and environmental concerns.
Objectives of the Study
The study aims to determine the feasibility on Natural Pesticide
Production in Koronadal City, South Cotabato.
Specifically, it aims to:
1. Describe the industry of Natural Pesticide Production in Koronadal City,
South Cotabato.
2. Present the major players of the industry in the following aspects.
a) Marketing
b) Organizational
c) Operational
d) Financial
3. Discuss the feasibility of the proposed study in the following aspects:
a) Marketing
b) Organizational
c) Operational
d) Financial
4. Present the findings of the proposed study in the following aspects:

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a) Marketing
b) Organizational
c) Operational
d) Financial
Research Design
The study uses surveys and data analysis to understand if making
natural pesticides in Koronadal City is a good idea. Surveys help collect facts
about marketing, organization, operations, and finances from industry
stakeholders. Data analysis helps find patterns and important factors that
affect whether natural pesticide production is feasible. By using surveys and
analyzing data, the study can describe the industry, identify key players, and
decide if making natural pesticides is practical. This approach makes the
research more reliable and helps provide useful recommendations for the city.
Research Locale
By establishing Koronadal City as the research locale, the study can
provide valuable insights into how agricultural communities in similar settings
can address the global challenges of population growth, food demand, and
sustainable agricultural practices while considering environmental and health
concerns related to pesticide use.

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Figure 1. Map of Koronadal City, South Cotabato
Respondents
The researchers will use 40 respondents for the study. This sample
size allows for meaningful conclusions while remaining cost-effective and
manageable. Local farmers and local consumers have been chosen as key
respondents for this study due to their pivotal roles in shaping the dynamics of
the agricultural landscape in Koronadal City, South Cotabato. Their
perspectives and practices are critical in understanding the feasibility and
potential success of natural pesticide production in the region. By engaging
with local farmers, the study aims to gain insights into the current pest
management practices, challenges faced, and the factors influencing their

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decisions regarding pesticide use. Understanding their experiences is crucial
for identifying opportunities and barriers to the adoption of natural pesticides.
Furthermore, local farmers are key stakeholders in the production process,
and their willingness to embrace sustainable and organic practices is vital for
the success of any initiative aimed at transforming the agricultural landscape.
Sampling Design
In this study, Slovin formula will be employed to determine an
appropriate sample size for our purposive sampling method, aiming to
deliberately select participants who meet specific criteria pertinent to our
research objectives and questions.
The Slovin formula is a useful tool in calculating sample sizes in
situations where the population size is given. It is expressed as follows:
N
n= 2
1+ N e
193,865
n= 2
1+193,865 (0.05)
193,865
n=
1+193,865 (0.0025)
193,865
n=
1+ 484.6625
193,865
n=
485.6625
n=399.18∨n=399
Figure 2. Slovin Formula

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Research Instrument
The research instrument utilized in this study involves a dual-focused
approach encompassing both business-to-business (B2B) instruments to
gather diverse perspectives and insights from various stakeholders within the
natural pesticide production industry in Koronadal City, South Cotabato.
The research involves engaging with a range of stakeholders including
natural pesticide producers, financial institutions, market experts, and
academic experts. Through interviews and surveys, this approach facilitates
an in-depth exploration of the industry's operational, financial, and
organizational aspects. Stakeholders provide insights into challenges,
marketing strategies, regulatory environments, financial support systems, and
market trends relevant to natural pesticide production.
Data Gathering Procedure
The decision to use a combination of quantitative surveys targeting the
business-to-business (B2B) segment, along with in-depth interviews and
focus group discussions, is driven by the need for a nuanced understanding of
the feasibility of natural pesticide production in Koronadal City. Quantitative
surveys gather structured data from B2B stakeholders like natural pesticide
producers and agricultural extension officers, while in-depth interviews and
focus groups provide qualitative insights into their experiences and
challenges. This comprehensive approach aims to inform decision-making

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and promote sustainable agricultural practices within the B2B sector and
beyond.
Ethical Considerations
In the study on the feasibility of natural pesticide production in
Koronadal City, meticulous attention was given to ethical considerations,
particularly regarding the ingredients of the research design.
The principle of informed consent was central, ensuring that
participants in both the business-to-business (B2B) were fully informed about
the research's purpose, methods, and potential outcomes. Voluntary
participation and the right to withdraw without repercussions were
emphasized to empower individuals to engage with the research at their
discretion.
Confidentiality and anonymity were prioritized to protect the privacy of
participants. Measures such as coding and pseudonyms were employed to
safeguard personally identifiable information in both quantitative surveys and
qualitative data collection, fostering trust and encouraging candid responses.
Transparent communication was upheld throughout the research
process, with participants provided clear information on data usage, storage,
and dissemination. Community involvement and feedback were actively
sought, with preliminary findings shared to allow for input and ensure
accuracy in representing participants' experiences and perspectives.
By integrating these ethical considerations into the research
framework, the study aimed to conduct a responsible, respectful, and

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culturally sensitive investigation. These ethical principles were not merely
guidelines but integral components that shaped methodology and interactions,
fostering a research environment grounded in integrity and accountability.
Maintaining these standards is essential for building trust, credibility, and
contributing ethically sound insights to the academic and agricultural
communities.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Food Demand – The quantity of food required to meet the needs of a growing
population, influenced by factors such as population size, dietary preferences,
and economic conditions.
Sustainable Agriculture – Agricultural practices that aim to meet current
food needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs, emphasizing environmental stewardship, economic viability,
and social responsibility.
Pesticides – Chemical or biological substances used to control pests and
diseases affecting crops.
Insecticides – Insecticides that are economically accessible to a wide range
of farmers, particularly small-scale and resource-constrained farmers.
Organic Pesticides – Pesticides derived from natural sources, emphasizing
environmentally friendly and sustainable pest management.

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Feasibility – The practicality and likelihood of successfully achieving a
specific goal or outcome.
CHAPTER II
INDUSTRY ASPECT
The Product
Natural pesticides have garnered increasing attention due to their
potential role in sustainable agriculture and environmental conservation.
Researchers have explored the efficacy and safety of various natural
pesticide formulations derived from plant extracts, minerals, and
microorganisms in controlling pests and diseases in crops.
Studies have investigated the effectiveness of natural pesticides such
as neem oil, pyrethrum, and diatomaceous earth in managing insect pests
while minimizing adverse effects on beneficial organisms and ecosystems.
Additionally, research has focused on understanding the mechanisms of
action of natural pesticides, including their mode of toxicity and impact on pest
populations (Souto et. Al, 2021).

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Furthermore, scholars have examined the feasibility of integrating
natural pesticides into integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, which
emphasize a holistic approach to pest control that combines biological,
cultural, and chemical interventions. By incorporating natural pesticides into
IPM programs, farmers can reduce their reliance on synthetic chemicals and
promote ecological balance in agricultural ecosystems (Wageningen, 2014).
Overall, literature on natural pesticides underscores their potential as
sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides, highlighting their role in
promoting environmentally friendly pest management practices and
supporting the transition towards more sustainable agricultural systems.
Market
The agricultural sector has been a fundamental component of the
Philippine economy, providing a significant source of employment. However,
the prevalent industrial agriculture system heavily relies on agrochemicals,
such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, without adequately addressing
their adverse impacts on local economies, human well-being, and the
environment. The statement emphasizes the historical significance of
agriculture in the Philippines and its continued prominence as the primary
occupation. It raises concerns about the industrial farming practices,
particularly the extensive use of agrochemicals, which may lead to
environmental damage, water pollution, and health risks. The economic well-
being of communities dependent on agriculture could suffer due to these long-
term consequences. The conclusion underscores the need for a more

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sustainable approach that balances agricultural productivity with
environmental and social well-being.
In contrast, the text on Koronadal highlights the indispensability of
pesticides in their agricultural production. Farmers in Koronadal use
pesticides to control weeds and insects, resulting in remarkable increases in
agricultural products. The text emphasizes the essential role of pesticides in
sustaining the city's population growth, stating that about one-third of
agricultural products depend on their application. Without pesticides, there
would be significant losses in fruit, vegetable, and cereal production. The
conclusion stresses the crucial role of pesticides in ensuring food security and
maintaining the well-being of the community in Koronadal, highlighting their
responsible use as essential in agricultural practices.
Capacity of the Industry
The use of pesticides has steadily increased since the 1940s, with
global annual usage reaching 4.1 million tons in 2016—a twofold increase
from 1990. This raises concerns about ecological sustainability, human
health, and overall ecosystem well-being, emphasizing the need for a more
sustainable approach to pest management. In the Philippines, the pesticide
industry significantly contributes to agriculture but faces challenges related to
environmental and health issues. The industry is evolving with the adoption of
advanced technologies and a focus on scrutinizing pesticide residues, moving
towards more environmentally friendly and healthier food options.

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In Koronadal, agriculture is a major contributor to the region's income,
with small-scale, traditional farming practices dominating. The industry
demonstrates resilience by adapting to technological advancements and
embracing eco-friendly methods. A study on farmers' attitudes towards
pesticides reveals misconceptions, highlighting the need for targeted
educational initiatives to promote sustainable agricultural practices and
ensure food security.
The paragraph on crop protection emphasizes its essential role in
agriculture, especially considering the projected global population surge.
However, the industry faces challenges such as stringent regulations, rising
research and development costs, and resistance to conventional products.
This prompts a demand for innovative solutions to meet the evolving demands
of sustainable agricultural practices.
In conclusion, the escalating trend in pesticide use globally emphasizes
the need for sustainable practices. The Philippines' pesticide industry is
adapting to challenges, focusing on environmentally friendly alternatives. In
Koronadal, agriculture plays a crucial role in the local economy, showcasing
resilience and a shift towards sustainability. The study on farmers' attitudes
highlights the importance of addressing misconceptions for promoting
sustainable agricultural practices. The challenges faced by the crop protection
industry underscore the urgency for innovation to meet the demands of
sustainable agriculture.

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Major Players of the Industry
Company Business Market Financial Marketin Organizatio Technical

Name Descriptio Share Performanc g Aspect nal Aspect Aspect
n (%) e
Sygenta Global, 23.5 Revenue: Leading Matrix Carbon
Philippines agricultural P38,047,87 seeds Structure neutral
Inc. company 5 and crop agriculture
protectio
n
Bayer Pest 19.4 Revenue: Humanisi Division Soil
Cropscienc control, P33,448,40 ng brand Structure science,
e Inc. and seeds 8 campaig genetics,
and plant n plant
biotechnol breeding,
ogy plant
physiology
S.C Household 28.2 Revenue: Social Corporation Home
Johnson & cleaning P21,849,68 Networki al Structure storage,
Son Inc. products 6 ng air care,
and pest
products control
FMC Agro Agricultural 9 Revenue: Brand Division Pipeline,
Philippines sciences P13,262,51 Campaig Structure to unique
Inc. company 9 n application
systems,
to modern
biological
products
Table 1. Major Players in the Industry

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Key Success Factors
Starting and running a successful natural pesticide business requires
careful planning and attention to various factors. Here are key success factors
to consider:
Efficacy and Safety – Developing natural pesticides necessitates
rigorous testing to ensure their effectiveness in pest control while maintaining
safety for the environment, humans, and non-target species. Thorough
evaluations under diverse conditions, including soil composition and
ecological variations, are crucial. Obtaining certifications is equally essential,
demonstrating compliance with regulatory standards and environmentally
friendly practices. This dual emphasis on efficacy and safety contributes to a
sustainable and responsible approach to pest control, aligning with
contemporary ecological and ethical standards.
Distribution Network – Establishing a reliable distribution network is
crucial for timely product delivery. Partner with agricultural supply stores,
cooperatives, and online platforms to expand reach efficiently. Collaborate
with supply stores to integrate products seamlessly into existing agricultural
networks, join forces with cooperatives for collective strength, and leverage
online platforms for global market access. A diverse distribution strategy
through these partnerships enhances market presence and adaptability in
product distribution.
Marketing and Branding – Develop a strong brand identity that
emphasizes the natural and environmentally friendly aspects of your products.

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Implement effective marketing strategies, including online and offline
channels, to create awareness and attract customers.
Cost-Effectiveness – Success in the natural pesticides market
requires a careful balance between competitive pricing and product quality.
Explore cost-saving measures in production, packaging, and distribution
without compromising efficacy. Innovate production efficiency, choose
sustainable packaging, and optimize logistics for a financially prudent
approach that ensures long-term sustainability and growth. This commitment
to excellence, affordability, and ecological responsibility positions your brand
to thrive and redefine standards in the natural pesticides industry.
Networking and Collaboration – Cultivating strategic partnerships
with agricultural experts, research institutions, and industry associations is
crucial for sustained growth. Engaging with these stakeholders provides
access to valuable insights, cutting-edge research, and emerging
technologies, keeping organizations ahead in the dynamic agricultural
landscape. Connecting with experts fosters a culture of continuous learning,
while collaborations with research institutions and industry associations
enable access to advancements and collective initiatives. These alliances
form a robust foundation, positioning organizations to navigate challenges and
capitalize on opportunities for innovation in the agricultural sector.
Government Policies
1. Barangay Clearance

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 This certificate is also needed when renewing your expired
Mayors Permit or Business Licenses, changing a new business
location, and changing a new commercial name.
 Amount fee: P 300.00
2. DTI
 This is to make sure no other business or organization has the
same name as yours.
 Amount fee: P1, 030.00
3. Mayor’s Business Permit
 Obtaining a mayor's permit grants that the business has
complied and aligned with in the city or municipality's rules and
regulations. It protects you, as the owner, and the business from
being shut down or suspended for performing illegal or
unauthorized activities.
 Amount fee: P1,000.00 and P 50.00 tax
4. Bureau of Fire Protection (Fire Safety Inspection )
 To protect lives and properties through the prevention of
destructive fires; investigation of their causes; and the provision
of emergency medical and rescue services with the active
support of the public.
 Amount fee: P818.00
5. Sanitary Permit

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 A state health department is responsible for the administration of
certain programs which require approval of plans for proposed
water supply and sewage treatment facilities and for the
issuance of permits for such projects, as prescribed by state
law.
 Amount fee: P 500.00
6. PHILHEALTH
 A unique and permanent number issued to any client upon
enrolment/membership registration to the National Health
Insurance Program Of the Corporation for the purposes of
identification, eligibility, verification, and utilization recording.
7. PAG-IBIG
 Regular savings Program is a convenient savings facility that
gives the high annual dividend earnings.
8. SSS
 Program in the event of death, disability, sickness, maternity,
and old age. Self- employed and voluntary members also get
the same benefits as covered employees, except those benefits
under the EC program. The SSS provides for a replacement of
income lost on account of the aforementioned contingencies.
 Amount fee:P 360.00
9. BIR or Percentage Tax

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 One of the things that a business owner needs to do to make
your business legal and to void the risk of being tax evader.
10. FDA Certificate of Registration
 The food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates certain
products in the Philippines. These include food, medical and
pharmaceutical products, and cosmetics. A company dealing in
these products needs an FDA certificate for product registration.
11. BMBE Certificate of Registration
 An act to promote the establishment of barangay business
enterprises (BMBE’s), providing incentives and benefits therefor,
and for other purposes
 Amount fee: Free

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CHAPTER III
Product Description
At the core of Green Resource lies a carefully curated blend of
ingredients selected for their unique pest-repelling abilities. Chilies and
peppers create a robust barrier, garlic disrupts pests' feeding and mating
patterns, and onions contribute their distinctive scent, collectively forming a
powerful shield that safeguards your plants without compromising your
garden's health.
This pesticide transcends traditional methods by prioritizing
environmental friendliness and sustainability. Devoid of harmful chemicals, it
ensures the well-being of beneficial insects, advocating for responsible
agricultural practices. Its biodegradable and eco-friendly characteristics align
with our commitment to fostering a harmonious relationship between
agriculture and the environment.
Whether for a home garden or larger agricultural setting, Green
Resource offers versatile protection against a wide range of pests, proving
effective across various crops. The ready-to-use formula simplifies the

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application process, making it practical for both novice gardeners and
seasoned professionals. Embrace nature's power with Spicy Shield Pest
Repellent, allowing your plants to flourish under its protective mantle.
Safeguard your garden responsibly for a sustainable and vibrant environment
for years to come.
Target Market
The proposed natural pesticide production initiative in Koronadal City,
South Cotabato, targets multiple stakeholders, including local farmers,
consumers, producers, government agencies, financial institutions, and
market and academic experts. This comprehensive approach aims to address
challenges and opportunities related to adopting organic pesticides effectively.
With a primary focus on local farmers, the initiative seeks to
understand their current pest management practices, challenges, and
willingness to embrace sustainable alternatives. This insight will inform
recommendations to enhance the feasibility of natural pesticide production.
Simultaneously, engaging with local consumers helps gauge the
demand for pesticide-free and organic produce, aligning with the trend of
prioritizing health and environmental sustainability.
Collaboration with natural pesticide producers, government agencies,
financial institutions, and market and academic experts enriches the study by
providing insights into industry challenges, regulatory environments, financial
support systems, and broader industry trends and innovations.

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This multi-stakeholder approach aims to offer a holistic understanding
of the challenges and opportunities in natural pesticide production. The
findings will inform evidence-based recommendations to guide policy, industry
practices, and promote a sustainable agricultural ecosystem that meets the
evolving preferences of both farmers and consumers in Koronadal City.
Demand
In the Philippines, the demand for pesticides is closely linked to its
thriving agricultural sector, which plays a vital role in the nation's economy.
The cultivation of a diverse range of crops, including staples like rice and
corn, as well as cash crops like sugarcane and coconut, creates a continuous
need for various pesticides to combat pests, diseases, and weeds.
Government policies and regulations also significantly influence the
pesticide market. Evolving regulations promoting sustainable farming
practices may lead to changes in the types and quantities of pesticides used.
Technological advancements in agriculture, such as innovative pesticides and
precision farming techniques, further impact pesticide demand, as farmers
increasingly adopt newer, more effective solutions aligned with global trends
in sustainable agriculture.
Additionally, the tropical climate of the Philippines, characterized by
variations in weather patterns, plays a crucial role in pest and disease
prevalence, directly affecting the immediate demand for pesticides.

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In Benguet, farmers primarily use three major types of pesticides based
on their chemical composition: pyrethroids, organophosphates, and
carbamates. Pyrethroids, synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins, include
various compounds like cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Organophosphates,
such as malathion and chlorpyrifos, act as cholinesterase inhibitors, affecting
neuromuscular transmission, while carbamates are another common class of
pesticides used in the region.
Figure 3. Percentage distribution of types of pesticide via JRuralMed
Figure 3 shows the trend of the pesticides used by their brand names.
Tamaron (methamidophos) was the most prevalent type of pesticide used by
the Benguet farmers. This type of pesticide is an organophosphatepesticides.
Dithane (mancozeb) which is a dithiocarbamate was the second most
prevalent type of pesticide used. This was followed by Sumicidine
(fenvalerate) which is a pyrethroid.
Pyrethroid, however, was the most common type of pesticides that
caused acute pesticide poisoning in the year 2009 to 2010 as documented by

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the National Poison Control and Management Center (NPCMC). See Figure
4.
Figure 4. Percentage distribution of types of pesticides via JRuralMed
Supply
The supply of pesticides in the Philippines is a complex and dynamic
aspect of the country's agricultural landscape, influenced by various factors
ranging from global market dynamics to domestic regulatory environments.
One key determinant is the presence of both international and local suppliers
in the Philippines. Global agrochemical companies often operate in the
country, alongside indigenous manufacturers, collectively contributing to the
diversity of the pesticide supply chain.
Government regulations are pivotal in shaping the supply of pesticides.
Strict registration and approval processes ensure that only authorized and
safe pesticides enter the market. Compliance with these regulations not only

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guarantees the quality and safety of the products but also plays a crucial role
in shaping the overall supply chain.
The distribution network further contributes to the supply chain
efficiency. A well-established and accessible distribution network is essential
in ensuring that pesticides reach farmers across diverse agricultural
communities. The effectiveness of this network is critical for meeting the
demand promptly and ensuring a continuous supply of pesticides.
Research and development initiatives in the field of agrochemicals also
influence the supply of pesticides. Ongoing innovations and advancements
lead to the introduction of new, more effective, and environmentally friendly
pesticide products. The availability and adoption of these innovations
contribute to the overall dynamism of the pesticide supply chain.
Moreover, the agricultural practices and trends prevalent in the
Philippines have a direct impact on the types and quantities of pesticides
demanded by farmers. Changes in farming practices, such as the growing
interest in precision agriculture or organic farming, can reshape the demand
for specific types of pesticides, prompting suppliers to adapt their offerings
accordingly.
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
PESTICIDE PRODUCT REGISTRATION NEW PESTICIDE PRODUCT REGISTRATION RENEWAL

PESTICIDE PRODUCT REGISTRATION TPA
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Figure 5. Pesticides regulatory milestones
There is also a robust presence of neem oil within our community,
cultivated and processed by local producers leveraging the abundance of
neem trees indigenous to our region. This localized production network
engenders a dependable supply chain, ensuring the availability of neem oil for
the applications need to happen in for our product
There is a consistent supply of neem oil within the local shops, which
shows that there is consistent presence of neem oil factories within the
vicinity.
Supply and Demand Gap
This essay explores the intricate balance between supply and demand
in the pesticide market, which affects agriculture, the environment, and the
economy. Farmers' need for pesticides depends on factors like weather and
pest prevalence, and producers adjust their output accordingly. Achieving the
right balance ensures sustainable agriculture and reduces environmental
harm. It's an ongoing process influenced by innovation, technology,
regulation, and sustainable practices.
Pricing Strategy
In Koronadal City, the adoption of a value-based pricing strategy for
natural pesticides is a strategic move that aligns with research goals. This
strategy capitalizes on the unique benefits of organic pest management, such

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as being environmentally friendly. By pricing these pesticides higher, it taps
into the perceived value associated with sustainable practices. This approach
is responsive to market trends, catering to the increasing demand for
pesticide-free produce. It also aims to differentiate natural pesticides from
conventional options.
Product/Service Description Cost Selling Gross Gross

per unit price per profit per Margin
(PHP) unit unit (%)
(PHP) (PHP)
Product A 375 mL 38.39 57.59 19.20 50.01%

GROWS
Pesticide
Product B 750 mL 76.77 115.16 38.39 50.01%

GROWS
Pesticide
Product C 1000 mL 102.36 153.54 51.18 50.01%

GROWS
Pesticide
Table 2. Pricing Matrix
Our pricing strategy is designed to uphold a steady gross margin of
50%, with a standard deviation of less than 5%, ensuring reliability and
profitability. We achieve this by meticulously scrutinizing all costs associated
with production and distribution, including raw materials, labor, and overhead
expenses. By applying a markup percentage of 100% consistently across our
product line, we maintain uniformity in pricing, thereby reducing variability and
ensuring customer trust.

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These key components, namely Neem Oil, Garlic, Pepper, Soap, and Water,
underwent a thorough evaluation to determine their individual price points.
Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to ascertain the cost
per milliliter for each ingredient.
Channel of Distribution
The success of our pesticide product hinges on an effective distribution
strategy tailored to the agricultural market. We aim to seamlessly connect with
end-users by strategically aligning distribution channels with our target
market's preferences and regional differences. This involves a multi-channel
approach, utilizing direct channels like our online platform and partnerships
with agricultural retailers and cooperatives. Collaboration with wholesalers will
optimize logistics and inventory management. We'll also engage in
partnerships with key players in the agricultural supply chain for cross-
promotion and mutual growth. Embracing e-commerce and digital platforms
will cater to modern farmers' preferences. Continuous monitoring and
evaluation will guide adjustments to ensure efficiency and customer
satisfaction, fostering sustainable relationships with channel partners.
Farmers
Retailers
Producers
Wholesalers
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Figure 6. Channel of Distribution
Promotional Strategy
The promotional strategy for the pesticide product emphasizes a
comprehensive approach focused on creating awareness, establishing
credibility, and driving sales in the agricultural sector. The strategy includes
cultivating an educational and thought leadership component through
insightful content on the website and social media platforms. In the digital
realm, the plan involves optimizing the website for search engines, active
engagement on social media, and a targeted advertising campaign. Physical
engagement is prioritized through participation in agricultural trade shows and
events. Collaborations with influencers and experts, along with promotional
bundles and loyalty programs, aim to build credibility and incentivize
purchases. The strategy also emphasizes regular monitoring and analytics to
ensure campaign effectiveness and prioritizes customer education,
engagement, and trust-building for long-term brand loyalty.
Projected Sales
The research statement revolves around implementing and evaluating
a 5-month moving strategy across various business domains to enhance
decision-making processes and trend analysis. This research aims to explore
the efficacy of this strategy in providing a more comprehensive and stable

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perspective, particularly in finance, marketing, operations, human resources,
and project management.
The study will involve applying a 5-month moving strategy to analyze
stock prices, revenues, and profits, assessing how this approach smoothens
short-term fluctuations to reveal underlying trends. By comparing the results
with traditional financial analysis methods, the research seeks to identify the
advantages and limitations of employing this strategy in financial decision-
making. (Note: assumption number of sales only)
Year Month Sales (PHP) 5 Month Moving Average

(PHP)
1 January 32,629
February 38,388
March 44,145
April 47,983
May 71,017 46,832
June 76,774 55,661
July 80,612 64,106
August 86,371 72,551
September 92,128 81,380
October 95,966 86,370
November 101,725 91,360
December 107,482 96,734
Table 3. Projected Sales

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CHAPTER IV
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT
Legal Form of Business (Form of Ownership)
As a sole proprietorship, the business owner in Koronadal City
recognizes the significance of affordable and sustainable pest management
practices. The study emphasizes the importance of affordable insecticides to
assist small-scale and resource-constrained farmers in reducing production
costs. The affordability of pesticides can level the playing field, making
farming economically viable for a broader range of farmers and enhancing
food security in the region. The business owner acknowledges that while
pesticides are essential for protecting crops, there is a need to address the
externalities related to their human and environmental health consequences.
The primary goal of the research aligns with the proprietorship's
objectives – to support farmers and small businesses. The exploration of
organic pesticides as an alternative pest management approach not only
aligns with the changing consumer preferences towards organic produce but
also positions the business to meet this demand, differentiate its products in
the market, and potentially command premium prices. The move towards
organic practices may also open up opportunities for organic certification,
providing access to niche markets and diversifying revenue streams.
In realizing these goals, the business owner, as a sole proprietor,
understands the importance of feasibility studies. The research design
integrates both quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively

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assess the viability of natural pesticide production in Koronadal City. The
study involves the collection of data through surveys, questionnaires,
interviews, and focus group discussions, targeting key stakeholders such as
farmers, agricultural experts, and local government officials. The research
locale, represented by Koronadal City, serves as a model for other regions
facing similar challenges in the wake of population growth and changing
dietary habits.
Organizational Structure
In the dynamic landscape of Koronadal City's agricultural sector, a
business operating under a network organizational structure recognizes the
intricate interplay of factors influenced by global population growth and
evolving dietary preferences. This network organization leverages
interconnected nodes of expertise, fostering collaboration among various
stakeholders to address the pressing challenges outlined in Chapter I. The
network structure allows for seamless communication and information
exchange among farmers, agricultural experts, and local government officials,
creating a responsive and adaptive system to navigate the complexities of
sustainable pest management in the face of population growth and limited
agricultural resources.
Within this network organization, nodes or specialized units focus on
specific aspects outlined in the research objectives. Marketing, organizational,
operational, and financial dimensions are strategically managed by
specialized teams, ensuring a holistic and well-coordinated approach. The

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collaborative nature of the network structure facilitates a comprehensive
assessment of the industry of multi-source natural pesticide production in
Koronadal City, providing nuanced insights into each dimension. Major
players in the industry are identified and analyzed from various perspectives,
contributing to a thorough understanding of the market dynamics.
As the study delves into the feasibility of natural pesticide production,
the network organizational structure excels in handling diverse facets of the
research objectives. Marketing strategies are designed collectively,
considering the demand for organic pesticides, market acceptance, and
potential growth. Organizational aspects involve coordination among different
entities within the network, streamlining efforts to ensure efficient pesticide
production and distribution. Operational intricacies, such as production
processes and distribution logistics, are optimized through the collaborative
efforts of the network, enhancing overall effectiveness. Financial
considerations, including cost estimations, return on investment, and
profitability, benefit from the collective expertise within the network.
Manpower requirement (Employee Matrix)
Position Description Tenure/Status

Manager Oversees and coordinates Long term/
department activities, sets goals, Full - time
makes strategic decisions, and
ensures team success.
Marketing Develops and implements strategies Contractual/
Personnel to promote products or services, Full-time
conducts market research, and
manages advertising and PR efforts.
Supervisors Oversees daily activities of a team, Long term/
ensures tasks are completed Full-time

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efficiently, and serves as a link

between upper management and
frontline workers.
Production Engaged in hands-on manufacturing Contractual/
Workers or assembly, responsible for Full-time and Part-
assembling products, operating time
machinery, and maintaining quality
standards.
Maintenance Upkeep and repair of equipment, Contractual/
Workers facilities, and infrastructure to ensure Full-time and Part-
optimal functionality, safety, and time
minimal downtime.
Positions and Qualifications
Position Qualifications
Manager  Education: Bachelor's degree in a relevant
field; some roles may require a master's
degree.
 Experience: Several years of experience in a
related role, demonstrating leadership and
managerial skills.
 Skills: Strong communication, decision-
making, and strategic planning skills.
Marketing  Education: Bachelor's degree in marketing,
Personnel business, or a related field.
 Experience: Entry-level positions may require
internship experience, while senior roles may
need several years of marketing experience.
 Skills: Strong communication, creativity, and
analytical skills. Familiarity with marketing
tools and platforms.
Supervisor  Education: High school diploma or equivalent;
some positions may require an associate or
bachelor's degree.
 Experience: Relevant work experience, often
in a supervisory or lead role.
 Skills: Leadership, communication, and
problem-solving skills. Familiarity with the
specific industry is a plus.
Production Worker  Education: High school diploma or equivalent;
some specialized roles may require
vocational training.
 Experience: Entry-level positions may not
require experience, while specialized roles

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may seek relevant experience in

manufacturing or assembly.
 Skills: Manual dexterity, attention to detail,
and the ability to follow instructions.
Maintenance  Education: High school diploma or equivalent;
Worker additional technical or vocational training is
often beneficial.
 Experience: Experience in maintenance or
related fields is typically required.
 Skills: Technical expertise, problem-solving
skills, and the ability to perform routine
maintenance tasks. Knowledge of safety
protocols is essential.
Duties and Responsibilities
Position Duties and Responsibilities

Manager  Develop and implement strategic plans for the
department.
 Provide leadership and guidance to team
members.
 Monitor and assess team performance,
providing feedback.
 Collaborate with other departments to achieve
objectives.
 Handle escalated issues and make decisions
to resolve conflicts.
Marketing  Conduct market research to identify
Personnel opportunities.
 Develop and implement marketing strategies.
 Plan and execute advertising and promotional
campaigns.
 Analyze data to assess marketing
effectiveness.
 Manage relationships with agencies and
vendors.
Supervisor  Oversee daily activities and assign tasks to
the team.
 Ensure efficient task completion and maintain
quality standards.
 Provide training and guidance to team
members.
 Monitor employee performance and provide
feedback.
 Address and resolve issues within the team.

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Production Worker  Assemble or manufacture products following

procedures.
 Operate machinery and inspect finished
products.
 Follow safety protocols and maintain a clean
work environment.Collaborate with team
members to meet production targets.
 Report equipment malfunctions or defects.
Maintenance  Conduct routine inspections of equipment and
Worker facilities.
 Perform preventive maintenance tasks.
 Identify and troubleshoot issues with
machinery.
 Repair or replace faulty components and
parts.
 Keep detailed records of maintenance
activities.
Training Programs (Optional)
Position Training Program

Manager  Strategic Leadership Workshop:
Conducting a comprehensive workshop to
enhance strategic leadership skills. Topics
include strategic planning, effective decision-
making, team management, conflict
resolution, and communication.
Marketing  Digital Marketing Mastery:
Personnel Providing in-depth training in digital
marketing, covering channels like social
media, SEO, and email marketing. Emphasis
on data analysis, cross-functional
collaboration, and effective communication.
Supervisor  Effective Team Leadership Seminar:
Hosting a seminar focused on effective team
leadership. Topics include performance
management, goal setting, conflict resolution,
and collaborative problem-solving within the
team.
Production Worker  Safety and Efficiency Training:
Conducting training on safety protocols,
proper equipment use, quality control
measures, team collaboration for efficient
production, and basic
troubleshooting/reporting procedures.

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Maintenance  Maintenance Excellence Workshop:

Worker Organizing a workshop to cover proper
equipment maintenance procedures, safety
and compliance training, record-keeping for
maintenance activities, and technical skills
development with a focus on equipment
troubleshooting.

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Recruitment Procedure (Flow Chart)
Job Vacancy Onboarding
Job Posting Assessments
Receive Applications Conduct Interviews
Screen Resumes Shortlist

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Compensation and Benefits
Compensations Description Sample Amount

and Benefits Calculation per
Components Month
Basic Salary The fixed amount PHP 10,400 PHP
paid to for their 10,400
regular work hour
employees.
Overtime pay Additional pay (10 hours x PHP PHP
provided for work 200/hour) 2,000
done beyond the
regular work hours.
Holiday Pay Compensation for (1 day x (Basic PHP 400
work performed on Salary x 26
regular holidays days))
13th Month Pay A mandatory annual Basic Salary PHP
bonus equivalent to 10,400
one month’s basic
salary
Benefits
Service Incentive 5 days of paid leave ((Basic Salary / PHP
Leave (SIL) given to employees 26 days) x 5 166.67
who have worked for days) / 12 months
at least one year.
Sick Leave Paid sick leave for up ((Basic Salary / PHP 500
to 15 days per year. 26 days) x 15
days) / 12 months
Vacation Leave Paid vacation leave ((Basic Salary / PHP 500
for up to 15 days per 26 days) x 15
year. days) / 12 months
Social Security A government-run Based on SSS Depends
System (SSS) social insurance contribution table on
program providing (monthly) Salary
benefits like
retirement, disability,
etc.
PhilHealth The employer’s share (Basic Salary x PHP 286
(Employer Share) of the PhilHealth 2.75%)
contribution.
Home Also known as PAG- Based on PAG- Depends
Development IBIG Fun, offers IBIG contribution on
Mutual Fund housing and short- table (monthly) Salary

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(HDMF) term loans to

employees.
Retirement Pay Mandatory retirement ((Basic Salary / 2) Depends
benefits for x Number of on
employees who reach Years of Service) service
the retirement age or years
service requirement.
Separation Pay Compensation given ((Basic Salary / Depends
to employees in case 22 days) x on
of involuntary Number of Years service
termination or of Service) years
redundancy.
Maternity/ Paid leave for Based on Depends
Paternity Leave expectant or new statutory rates on leave
and Benefits mothers and fathers. duration
Government Mandatory Benefits
Service Incentive 5 days of paid leave ((Basic Salary / PHP

Leave (SIL) given to employees 26 days) x 5 166.67
who have worked for days) / 12 months
at least one year.
Sick Leave Paid sick leave for up ((Basic Salary / PHP 500
to 15 days per year. 26 days) x 15
days) / 12 months
Vacation Leave Paid vacation leave ((Basic Salary / PHP 500
for up to 15 days per 26 days) x 15
year. days) / 12 months
Social Security A government-run Based on SSS Depends
System (SSS) social insurance contribution table on
program providing (monthly) Salary
benefits like
retirement, disability,
etc.
PhilHealth The employer’s share (Basic Salary x PHP 286
(Employer Share) of the PhilHealth 2.75%)
contribution.
Home Also known as PAG- Based on PAG- Depends
Development IBIG Fun, offers IBIG contribution on
Mutual Fund housing and short- table (monthly) Salary
(HDMF) term loans to
employees.
Retirement Pay Mandatory retirement ((Basic Salary / 2) Depends
benefits for x Number of on
employees who reach Years of Service) service
the retirement age or years

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service requirement.
Separation Pay Compensation given ((Basic Salary / Depends
to employees in case 22 days) x on
of involuntary Number of Years service
termination or of Service) years
redundancy.
Maternity/Paternity Paid leave for Based on Depends
Leave and expectant or new statutory rates on leave
Benefits mothers and fathers. duration

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CHAPTER IV
ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECT
This chapter discusses the type of organization, organizational
structures, positions and qualifications of each position, compensation and
benefits of personnel, and the hiring procedure and training programs.
Type of Business Organization
The fabrication of coconut opener machine will employ a sole
proprietorship of business organization since it is a small business and the
simplest form of business organization to organize.
Owner/Manager
Oversees and coordinates department activities, sets goals,
makes strategic decisions, and ensures team success.
Marketing Personnel
Develops and implements strategies to promote products or
services, conducts market research, and manages advertising and PR
efforts.
Supervisors
Oversees daily activities of a team, ensures tasks are completed
efficiently, and serves as a link between upper management and
frontline workers.

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Production Workers
Engaged in hands-on manufacturing or assembly, responsible
for assembling products, operating machinery, and maintaining
quality standards.
Maintenance Workers
Upkeep and repair of equipment, facilities, and infrastructure to
ensure optimal functionality, safety, and minimal downtime.
Positions and Qualifications
Owner/Manager
Minimum requirements include a Bachelor's degree in a relevant
field, should possess several years of experience in a related role,
showcasing leadership and managerial abilities.
Marketing Personnel
Candidates should hold a Bachelor's degree in marketing,
business, or a related field. Entry-level positions may necessitate
internship experience, while senior roles typically demand several
years of marketing expertise.
Supervisors
Candidates should have a high school diploma or equivalent,
with some roles possibly requiring an associate or bachelor's degree.
Relevant work experience is essential, often in a supervisory or lead
capacity.

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Production Workers
Candidates should possess a high school diploma or equivalent,
with some specialized roles possibly requiring vocational training.
While entry-level positions may not mandate prior experience, specialized
roles typically prefer candidates with relevant manufacturing or
assembly experience.
Maintenance Workers
Candidates should have a high school diploma or equivalent,
with additional technical or vocational training often proving beneficial.
Experience in maintenance or related fields is typically required for this
role.
Compensation and Benefits
The employees are given a fixed basic salary, overtime, and holiday
pay, alongside a 13th-month bonus. Benefits encompass leave allowances,
contributions to social insurance programs, support for housing loans,
retirement pay, and maternity/paternity leave. This reflects our commitment to
employees' financial security and well-being.
It also includes paid leave including Service Incentive Leave (SIL), sick
leave, and vacation leave. We contribute to Social Security System (SSS),
PhilHealth, and Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF) based on salary.
Retirement pay and separation pay are provided, along with

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maternity/paternity leave and benefits, reflecting our commitment to our
employees' well-being and security.
Hiring Procedure and Training Programs
The hiring procedure involves posting job vacancies, receiving and
screening applications, conducting interviews and assessments, and finally
onboarding successful candidates. Through this structured approach, we aim
to efficiently select qualified individuals who will contribute to the success of
our organization.
Whilst the training programs will cover everything from leadership and
digital marketing to team management and safety. The program will focus on
strategic planning, communication, and conflict resolution in the leadership
workshops, while the digital marketing training emphasizes social media, and
collaboration. The team leadership seminars help with performance
management and problem-solving within teams. Safety training ensures
proper protocols and equipment use, and the equipment maintenance
workshops teach technical skills and safety procedures. These programs will
help the team excel and contribute to our organization's success.

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REFERENCES
Popp, J., Pető, K. & Nagy, J. (2013) Pesticide productivity and food
security. A review. Agron. Sustain.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0105-x
Vision and Mission (2019).
https://www.koronadal.gov.ph/about/geography/
Geography of Koronadal City. (2019).
About Koronadal City (2019).
Palinkas L., Horwitz S., Green C., Wisdom J., Duan N., Hoagwood K.
(2015)Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and
Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Adm Policy
Ment Health. DOI: 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
Tongco, M. D (2007), Purposive Sampling as a Tool for Informant.
Selection https://core.ac.uk/download/5093226.pdf
Joccheim, U. Defossez G. (2021) The use of pesticides in developing
countries and their impact on health and the right to food. DOI:
10.2861/28995
Lu JL (2010) Analysis of Trends of the Types of Pesticide Used,
Residues and Related Factors among Farmers in the Largest
Vegetable Producing Area in the Philippines. J Rural Med.

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2010;5(2):184-9. doi: 10.2185/jrm.5.184. PMID: 25649105;
PMCID: PMC4309357.
Tudi, M., Daniel Ruan, H., Wang, L., Lyu, J., Sadler, R., Connell, D.,
Chu, C., & Phung, D. T. (2021). Agriculture Development,
Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the
Environment. International journal of environmental research
and public health, 18(3), 1112.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031112
Souto, A. L., Sylvestre, M., Tölke, E. D., Tavares, J. F., Barbosa-Filho,
J. M., & Cebrián-Torrejón, G. (2021). Plant-Derived Pesticides
as an Alternative to Pest Management and Sustainable
Agricultural Production: Prospects, Applications and
Challenges. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 26(16), 4835.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164835

ID: SOB-2023-0001

A Feasibility Study of Natural Pesticide Production in Koronadal City, South Cotabato

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A Feasibility Study of Natural Pesticide Production in Koronadal City, South Cotabato

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GREEN VALLEY COLLEGE FOUNDATION, INC

Km.2, Bo.2, Gensan Drive, Koronadal City

A FEASIBILITY STUDY OF NATURAL PESTICIDE PRODUCTION IN

KORONADAL CITY, SOUTH COTABATO

Presented to the Faculty of the School of Business Green Valley College

Foundation, Inc., Bo.2, km.2, Gensan Drive, Koronadal City South

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in

Business Administration Major in Marketing Management

BARRIENTOS, CERBAÑA, ROQUERO, AND SANDAO, 2024

Background of the Study

The global population, currently standing at 7 billion, is anticipated to

experience an annual growth of 70 million, reaching an estimated 9.2 billion

by 2050—an increase of 30%. This surge in population is expected to

in dietary preferences in developing nations. Notably, there is a growing

inclination toward high-quality foods, such as increased consumption of meat

The statement by Popp (2013) highlights the significant challenges

brought about by global population growth and changing dietary habits. It

notes that the world's population is projected to increase by 70 million people

However, there's a scarcity of available agricultural land, and expanding it

would likely harm natural ecosystems. Additionally, there's a trend towards

using agricultural land for bio-based commodities instead of food production.

This necessitates the production of more food with fewer resources,

emphasizing the urgency of sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, the

statement underscores the need to address pest-related output losses to

enhance agricultural productivity in the face of these challenges.

BARRIENTOS, CERBAÑA, ROQUERO, AND SANDAO, 2024

The general population also plays an important influence in defining

pesticides' future use in agriculture. However, as long as there is a demand

for pesticide-based pest management solutions and food security concerns,

consequences must be addressed.

Affordable insecticides cut production costs for farmers, especially

benefiting small-scale and resource-limited ones. This cost reduction ensures

crop protection, economical pesticides promote higher usage, leading to

increased yields, improved food security, and reduced losses in challenging

areas. Accessible pest management mitigates significant agricultural losses,

easing the pressure on land and resources. Moreover, affordable pesticides

enable farmers to boost production, fostering economic growth in rural

regions. Additionally, cost-effective insecticides encourage the adoption of

environmentally friendly pest management practices by reducing the risk of

The primary goal of this research is to assist farmers and small

businesses. Organic pesticides can enhance the marketability of farm

products, leading to increased sales and profits. As consumers become more

health-conscious and environmentally aware, there is a growing demand for

organic and pesticide-free produce. By using organic pesticides, farmers can

BARRIENTOS, CERBAÑA, ROQUERO, AND SANDAO, 2024

business. Moreover, adhering to organic practices can lead to organic

certification, which opens up access to niche markets and creates

opportunities for value-added products, further diversifying revenue streams

for the business.

Rationale of the study

The purpose of this research is to support farmers and small

businesses by exploring the use of organic pesticides as an alternative pest

management approach. Organic pesticides have the potential to enhance the

marketability of farm products, leading to increased sales and profits. As

consumer preferences shift towards organic and pesticide-free produce,

demand, differentiate their products in the market, and command premium

contributes to the overall economic sustainability of their agricultural

businesses. Moreover, adhering to organic practices can lead to organic

certification, opening up access to niche markets and creating opportunities

for value-added products, further diversifying revenue streams.

In light of these challenges and opportunities, this study aims to

investigate the adoption of affordable and sustainable pest management

practices, with a focus on organic pesticides, in Koronadal City. By exploring