Name: Remember Luka

College Number: 21/1486/5

Department: FAA
Course: Art History
Course Code: 221

Q1. Discuss Egyptians Art

Ancient Egyptian art forms are characterized by regularity and detailed depiction
of gods, human beings, heroic battles, and nature. A high proportion of the surviving
works were designed and made to provide peace and assistance to the deceased in the
afterlife. The artists’ desire was to preserve everything from the present as clearly and
permanently as possible. Ancient Egyptian art was designed to represent
socioeconomic status and belief systems.

The Egyptians used the distinctive technique of sunken relief, well suited to very bright
sunlight. The main figures in reliefs adhere to the same figure convention as in painting.

Papyrus was used by ancient Egyptians and it was exported to many states in the
ancient world for writing and painting. Papyrus is a relatively fragile medium generally
lasting around a century or two in a library, and though used all over the classical world
has only survived when buried in very dry conditions, and then, when found, is often in
poor condition.

Symbolism played an important role in establishing a sense of order this ranged from
the pharaoh’s regalia (symbolizing power to maintain order) to the individual symbols of
Egyptian gods and goddesses. Animals were also highly symbolic figures in Egyptian
art.

Difference in scale was commonly used for conveying hierarchy. The larger the scale of
the figures, the more important they were. Kings were often shown at the same scale as
the deities, and both are shown larger than the elite and far larger than the general
populace and in smallest scale are shown servants, entertainers, animals, trees, and
architectural details. So the size indicates relative importance in the social order.
Q2. Discuss the Greek and roman art.

It is challenging to compare Greek and Roman paintings as many more painted

works from Ancient Rome have come down to us than from Greek antiquity.
If we want to look at Greek painting, we have to turn to vases that have survived all
periods of Greek art. Vases were elaborately painted with stories from Greek
mythology, decorative patterns, sports scenes, animals, or mythological creatures.
Works of wall and panel painting are accessible to today's viewers almost only in
Roman copies. Even though today we are used to looking at sterile white marble
sculptures, the world of the Greeks was colorful and rich in images.
From Roman times, almost exclusively wall paintings have come down to us. In this
respect, most works of art can still be found today in the place they were once created
and where they are preserved under often difficult conditions. Roman painters focussed
on colorful landscape murals. Many of those are still intact and can be visited in
Pompeji or the Nero'sNero's Domus Aurea in Rome. They usually depict architectural
themes and a play with spacial dimensions. Other important examples of Roman
painting are decorations from tombs and private houses, temples, and sanctuaries
throughout the empire.
Less well documented is portrait painting. It can best be traced back based on wooden
panels found in Egypt. The painting technique used is called encaustic (= wax painting,
from the Greek word enkauston or enkaio = "exposed to fire"). Color pigments were
applied to the wooden panels with hot wax. This period is particularly known as the
imperial portrait of Lucius Septimus Severus with his wife and two sons.
Another way of decorating, usually used in palaces, was intricate mosaics. The
technique of mosaic is one of the oldest in the world. The basis of this technique is
breaking stones into small cubes and inserting them into a layer of mortar that is still
soft. One stunning example is the ''Alexander mosaic," which consists of more than four
million small stones, which are about four square millimeters in size. The entire mosaic
measures 5.2 by 2.7 meters. Today, about five to six artists would have to work for a
year to create this work of art.