ARTA: Lesson Proper for Week 8
DIFFERENT ART MOVEMENTS
1. Cave Art. Art in a cave can be traced back to the
various paintings, engravings and scripture during the
Ice Ages. Most of the arts engraved in these caves
are either red or black inked. Similarly, relics are
commonly made from hematite (iron oxide), while
blocks are made from manganese and charcoal
dioxide.
Example:
Contrary to what is expected, the oldest known cave
painting in the world was not a magnificent display of
mundane living or animal behavior during the stone ages.
In the Cantabria region of northern Spain, El Castillo
holds thousands of years’ worth of spectacular prehistoric
art.
However, a simple disc-shaped red painting was found
by archaeologists at the end of a long, narrow passage in
this cave. They believed that the painting is at least
40,800 years old which was not long before they met
their predecessors, which are the Neanderthals (Spanne,
2016).
2. Egyptian Art. According to historical data, the
principle of cohesion or what is now known as ma’at,
was rooted in Egyptian culture. The principle was
believed to have started at the beginning of life and
cosmos. (GE6-Art Appreciation Module No 8.pdf -
Module on Art, n.d.) Ma’at represents the beautiful
universe of gods; all Egyptian sculptures focus on a
perfect equilibrium. Considering that these gods gave
every excellent gift to humanity, these artworks had
been invented and developed for use. Egyptian
sculptures have also been practical, first and
foremost. If a sculpture was perfectly built, it acts as a
sanctuary for a spirit or a deity.
Example:
According to Adhakari (2019), King Ramesses fought
numerous wars during his reign and emerged victorious
from most of them. This led to the expansion of riches
owned by the Egyptian empire during his 66-year reign
in 1279-1213 BC. Thus, it is not surprising that he is one
of the most influential pharaoh of Egypt. Moreover, one
of his remarkable battles were that against the Nubians,
a 200-year old wealthy civilization. The well-documented
victory was placed in the papyrus painting above. The
battle was depicted on the Beit el-wali temple's south
wall, which was a Nubian stronghold. On a wall of the
temple, the art showed that in one of the battles with the
Nubians, King Ramesses had to fight the whole battle
alone without any help from his soldiers.
3. Greek Art. Much of this human civilization has been
integrated into our collective consciousness. Greek
art includes images of epic wars, scholarly
philosophers, gleaming white buildings, and limbless
nudes. We now understand sculptures and even
those that accessorize statues, such as the
Parthenon have brought a huge impact to the modern
arts especially because of its remarkable
archaeological places and literary sources.
Example:
One example of the influence of the Greeks in Art is
the Fallen Warrior from the Temple of Aphaia. This
sculpture represents the tragedy of a dying hero
from the island of Aegina. Tragedy, as artists use it
today, is a greek concept that elaborates legends
and cultural roots. In fact, this impactful concept is
still being performed today. Some examples of
popular Greek tragedies include the tragedies of
Sophocles, Euripides and Aeschylus.
4. Roman Art. Ancient Greek art was rediscovered
from the 17th century onward. Roman art has
suffered slightly from a reputation crisis. Art
criticism also discovered that many of the most
significant Roman artworks were simply
duplicates or influenced by Greek originals
earlier and mostly destroyed. Roman art's
popularity, which succeeded in the middle ages
and the Renaissance for all Romanesque items,
started to decline. The meaning of what it truly is
another issue with Roman art. In contrast to
Greek art, the Roman empire’s vast
geographical location led to varying apart
approaches
Example:
 According to Adhikari (2019), Trajan’s Colum is one
of the most popular landmark in the city of Rome as
it is also the best-preserved monument in the city.
Aside from its stunning exterior, it contains 2,662
carved figures in its surface with over 155 scene
depictions that tell a story of its own. The beauty of
the monument is a living narrative of the Roman
army's coordination, administration, and operations.
(Adhikari, Top 10 Outstanding Pieces of Ancient
Roman Art, 2019)
5. Medieval Period. This period featured a
range of things from glass mosaics, wall
paintings, and metalwork. Byzantine art is
traditional and primarily religious. Most
byzantine artworks are associated with
lower levels of realism. Byzantine paintings
are white, with little to no shadows to a hint
of 3D, and the themes are generally serious
and somber.
Example:
Hagia Sophia, built in 537 AD (Kirchmair,
2020), at the beginning of the medieval period
under Byzantine emperor Justinian I,
epitomizes Byzantine architecture. Although
Hagia Sophia was originally built as a Greek
Orthodox Christian cathedral, it was
repurposed as a mosque after the Turkish
conquest of Constantinople in 1453 and is
used as a museum in Istanbul, Turkey. When
it was built, Hagia Sophia was the world’s
tallest building known for its iconic, massive
dome.
6. Chinese Painting. Chinese painting is
among the world’s oldest continuing forms
of art. In China today, traditional painting is
recognized as “guóhuà,” which means
“ethnic” or “local painting”, in contrast to
Western decorative arts, which grew
popular in China in the 20th century. For
Chinese painting, the two primary methods
are as follows:
a. “Gongbi,” which means “thorough,”
uses specific brushstrokes that
precisely identify details.
b. As one of the Chinese Scholar-of-
Scientific class “Four Arts,” ink and
wash painting in Chinese is also
commonly classified as water-
colored painting or brush painting. It
was an art performed in principle by
gentlemen and a differentiation that
begins with the Song dynasty in
literature but may benefit remarkably
from leading exhibitors. This style is
often called the “xieyi” style.
Example:
The painting above is called the Zhang
Zeduan’s Spring Festival on the River (also
called Along the River
During Qingming Festival). This Chinese painting
was created during the Northern Song dynasty in
the 12th century. According to Boucher (2014), the
attribution of Northern Song Dynasty academy to
Zeduan is uncertain but this work of art has
nonetheless became one of the most famous yet
debatable works in Chinese history. The painting
portrays the intricate details of the city life from
thousands of years ago.
7. Japanese Print. Until its Edo era in 1603 to
1868, the art of woodblock printing was
launched into the Han dynasty. Initially,
conventional handscrolls were used as
inexpensive books by woodblock printing.
However, conventional handscrolls were quickly
converted and used as a method for the mass
processing of prints.
Example:
An example of a Japanese print is the series Thirty-
six views of Mt. Fuji. The masterpiece features a
huge arching wave that threatens to consume the
two boats below while Mount Fuji sits serenely in
the distance, seemingly framed by the wave.
Centuries of peace during the Edo period and the
development of a sophisticated road system
fostered a culture of leisure travel in Japan, thereby
creating a desire for prints of famous and beautiful
landscapes bought as cheap souvenirs. At the
same time, the Western imports of prints and
drawings represented new ways of looking at the
world, which also encouraged an interest in
drawing from life.
8. Renaissance Art. In the context of religious
practices, many Renaissance artworks
portrayed religious images, including the
theme of the Virgin Mary or Our Lady, and
were seen by contemporary audiences.
These artworks are still considered good
but used and seen primarily as objects of
devotion. Many Renaissance artworks were
painted as altarpieces for inclusion in the
Catholic rituals and donated by patrons who
sponsored the mass.
Example:
According to Monk (2021), the ever-famous
Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci is popular
and recognized indefinitely for a reason. Part
of the masterpiece is the enigmatic smile that
has sparked debate and discussion even
among the non-artists. Similarly, the highlight
of Da Vinci’s work is the smart placement of
Mona Lisa’s eyes as it entails that wherever
the audience positions themselves, her eyes
will always seem to be following your way.
The oil on wood painting is currently obtained
by the Government of France and exhibited
in Louvre, Paris. Up to date, it can no longer
be bought or sold as it is now a publicly
owned work of art. (Monk, 2021)
9. Mannerism. Mannerist artists were involved
but did not seek to imitate perfectionism
represented by the High Renaissance
artists. Instead, they distorted the values of
the Renaissance and contributed to
research that encouraged self-
expressionism and idealism. Mannerists
constructed unnatural compositions instead
of following the harmonious principles
synonymous with Raphael and
Michelangelo, which revealed their methods
and hybrid capabilities to exploit
compositions to build the illusion of
advanced beauty.
Example:
The picture is entitled Perseus with the head of
Medusa by Benvenuto Cellini. The statue has been
remarkably influential because Antonio Canova and
18th-century Russian sculptor Feodosy
Fyodorovich Shchedrin made their versions of
Perseus. Surrealist Salvador Dalí casts many
sculptures referencing Cellini's statue, from small
works created in series to large statues such as the
one displayed at the Avenida del Mar in Marbella,
Spain.
10. Baroque. In Baroque style, contrast,
motion, exuberant details, profound light,
scale, and excitement are used to build a
feeling of admiration. This style originated in
Rome at the beginning of the 17th century
and spread quickly to France, Northern
Italy, Spain, Portugal, and then to Austria,
Southern Germany, and Russia. The
Baroque style developed in the 1730s to a
much more glamorous style known as
rocaille or rococo, which appeared in
France and Central Europe until the middle
of the 18th century.
Example:
“The greatest Baroque project was completing St.
Peter's Basilica,” which was built over the early
Christian “Old” St. Peter’s Basilica. Although the
original 16th-century design was a central plan, a
long nave was added to make the church larger,
making the plan rectangular. An impressive facade
was then added in the “front of the nave, which
ruined the effect of Michelangelo's dome (his dome
is over the original 16th-century central plan, now
the apse). The enormous size of St. Peter's
Basilica, which is the largest church in the world,
emphasizes the importance of the Roman Catholic
faith in the face of the Protestant reformers.”
(Bluffton College, 1997)
 11. Rococo Art. In the 18th century, Rococo
architecture, drawing, sculpture, and
decorative arts became popular in Europe.
The extravagant and lively Rococo first
emerged in inner design and decoration in
reaction to the baroque period's firmness.
The word” saloon” in French means a living
room; Rococo salons refer to central rooms
in the Rococo style. The concept of a
“salon” is an era of light that has turned the
lounge into the main space for aristocracy
where guests may entertain themselves and
engage in intellectual conversation.
Example:
Dated in 1717, the Pilgrimage to the Isle of Cythera
was credited under the name of Jean-Antoine
Watteau and has become her most popular work.
The painting displayed scenes of a group of
couples return and set out for a small Greek island,
Cythera. This island was believed to be near the
mythical site of Aphrodite’s birth, which is why it
has been believed to be blessed by the Goddess of
Love. According to Lebowitz (2018), each of the
three couples represents the stages of courtship,
while the flying cupids represent Cythera’s
inexplicable association with Aphrodite. Moreover,
the Renaissance-style landscape adds up to the
expensive and lush look of this work of art.
12. Neoclassical. Neoclassical art refers to
simplification with its focus on asymmetry,
bright colors, and decoration. As the Grand
Tour continues to become more popular,
the collection of antiquities as mementos
seemed to be more famous as well. This
collecting practice laid the groundwork for
many brilliant art pieces and extended the
traditional Renaissance across Europe and
America.
Example:
One example of a prime neoclassical art is the
Cathedral of Vilnius, known for its key features that
define the realities of the neoclassic period. For
instance, the columns are carved characteristically
to show off the authentic feel of that era. Sculptures
on the top of the cathedral show that the building is
a home for worship, while the cross symbolizes that
it is the main sanctuary of Catholics for their
worship. Because of this, people all over the world
visit to view this masterpiece as it is truly an
astonishing wonder of the world.
13. Romanticism. Romance embraced
individual identity and subjectivity to combat
overemphasis on logical thinking. Artists
started to investigate various physiological
and psychological situations and moods.
Example:
Théodore Géricault's large painting of The Raft of
the Medusa initially caused considerable scandal
and controversy. The painting depicts a real-life
shipwreck in 1816, in which hundreds of soldiers
lost their lives. This event stunned an entire nation
because 150 people climbed onto the raft, but only
15 were rescued and survived. The artist, who was
still young when the tragedy happened, portrayed
the tragedy with surprising realism. Given that it
included the living and the dead bodies, The Raft of
the Medusa took time to be fully appreciated by the
public; when it was first displayed, the predominant
emotion was rejection.
14. Realism. Realistic painters replaced
traditional arts’ idealist representations and
literature with actual events throughout the
tumultuous revolt and social change period.
They place a similar weight throughout the
margins of society with portraits and
allegories of national history.
Example:
Inspired by a Greenwich Avenue restaurant,
Edward Hopper crafts out an art gem that induces
the viewer into awareness. Similar to a puzzle, the
piece is incomplete. Edward coveys the gloomy
aftermath of World War II in the streets of
Manhattan, where he grew up. Only isolation,
depravity, and a dark sadness are evident when
you focus on its details. The art ultimately reflects
the hard life, struggle, and hustle of individuals
(men and women) during a dark time in American
history; this is why this piece has been recognized
and appreciated throughout the country and
beyond.
Only isolation, depravity, and a dark sadness are
evident when you focus on its details. The art
ultimately reflects the hard life, struggle, and hustle
of individuals (men and women) during a dark time
in American history; this is why this piece has been
recognized and appreciated throughout the country
and beyond.
15. Impressionism. In all modern painting,
impressionism may be the most important
movement. Back in 1860s, a group of young
artists decided to paint what they could see,
think, and feel vividly. They did not want to
portray the history, mythology, or the life of
great men and visual appearances; they did
not seek perfection.
Example:
Caillebotte's most famous and ambitious painting
was exhibited at the Third Impressionist Exhibition
at the Rue Le Peletier, where it was not well-
accepted by the critic. L'Évenement wrote the
following about this painting: “the drawing is of
good quality, but Caillebotte has forgotten to
include the rain.” Either way, this painting was one
of the best representations of 19th century Paris
ever painted.
16. Post-Impressionism. Post-impressionism
includes a wide variety of different artistic
styles that respond to the impressionist
movement optically.
Example:
The Starry Night, which is one of Van Gogh’s most
well-known works, sits within an oeuvre of his
works created between 1885 and 1890. During
these years, the paintings reflected his vision and,
similar to other post-impressionists, relied on a
vibrant color palette, inventive perspectives,
interesting compositions, and purposeful
brushstrokes.
17. Neo-Impressionism. Various artists have
initiated and resurrected the original trend of
expressionism at the beginning of the 20th
century. However, Georg Baselitz, who led
the rebirth that overtook German art in the
1970s, inaugurated the most prominent
return to expressionism. During the 1980s,
this revival was a part of the global return to
the sensuality of painting and the
sparseness of minimalism and reproduction,
which was not stylistic or remote.
Example:
The painting on the right is known as “Luxe, Calme
at Volupte” which as inspired by “L’invitation au
voyage”, Charles Baudelaire’s poem. The painting
shows a sunny day on the shores of French Rivera,
where six nude women are positioned before a
bearded and clothed man sitting in his picnic
blanket. The women are purposely positioned in
classical poses which adds to the depth and overall
shape of the piece. Moreover, some noticeable
brush strokes were the thin yellow cloud and the
folded sail of a boat. Matisse reflects in his work a
vision of aesthetic pleasures, which he caught
inspiration from his summer trip in St. Tropez.
(The Art Story, n.d.)
NSTP 2: LESSON PROPER WEEK 8
To understand fully the lesson for today, read the
information comprehensively.
THE SCIENCE OF PORNOGRAPHY ADDICTION
Sexual tastes of vary from person to person but
with the current pornography epidemic as some call
it. One has to wonder how exactly this may affect
our desires and perception of sexuality. Moreover,
how does it affect our sex lives?
 Pornography constitutes about twenty five
percent of all search engine requests, and is
the fourth most common reason people give
for going on the internet. And well may
seem to simply facilitate an instinctual
sexual response linked to millions of years
of evolution.
The truth is pornography has dynamically changed
over time ultimately molding our tastes and desires.
The not so shocking truth is that pornography has
profound consequences for the brain and acts in
many ways like a drug.
With prolonged exposure your tolerance is
increased and many often find themselves
addicted. Though it is not a physical substance, it
leads to the same general loss of control, the
compulsiveness to seek out the activity despite
negative consequences and withdrawal when it
goes away. Much like that of gambling or running
for example. The issue is that continued exposure
can cause long-term or even lifelong neuro-plastic
change in the brain.
 Dopamine is released as a reward
whenever we accomplish something
whether it be eating to sustain life or sexual
activity to produce future life. And this
dopamine consolidates neural connections
in order to drive us to perform the same
activity in the future. In other words, it alters
and forms the brain cells to motivate certain
actions. It rewires your brain.
The national institutes of health measure drug
addictiveness by testing rats. The rat is trained to
press a button in order to get a drug, and the
harder it works indicates how addictive the
substance is. It turns out that the more addictive a
drug is the more to dopamine we see released. And
while there is unfortunately no rat porn that we can
give to them, we do know that dopamine is also
released during sexual excitement which
pornography plays right into. The more time you
spend doing it, the more dopamine gets released
which reinforces the behavior and makes you not
only desire it in the future but require it. And as you
begin to imagine these images away from the
computer or while having sex, they become
reinforced. Furthermore each orgasm releases
even more dopamine which consolidates the
connections made during the session. It's a
feedback loop that becomes harder to escape and
just like a drug your tolerance for visual stimulation
has now compounded, making it more difficult to be
turned on by reality.
 Pornography addiction can often lead to
finding your mate less attractive, the good
news is it doesn't have to be permanent.
Usually when people understand the
mechanism and realize it's affecting their
relationships, they can stop. The brain is
often described as a use it or lose it system
because the neural connections you
stimulate grow stronger and desire to be
activated while the ones you ignore become
weakened. Much like your muscles which if
sitting still all day itch for activity but after
prolonged non-use they become
complacent. Luckily, because of this "use it
or lose it" brain, the same neuro-plastic
system that proliferate these habits can also
be used to acquire healthier ones.
Definition of Pornography and Other Related
Factors:
 Pornography or porn is the depiction of
explicit sexual subject matter for the
purposes of sexual excitement.
Pornography may use any of a variety of
media, ranging from books, magazines,
postcards, photos, sculpture, drawing,
painting, animation, sound recording, film,
video, or video game. However, when
sexual acts are performed for a live
audience, by definition it is not pornography,
as the term applies to the depiction of the
act rather than the act itself. Thus portrayals
 such as sex shows and striptease are not
classified as pornography.
Over the past few decades an immense industry for
the production and consumption of pornography
has grown, with the increasing use or the VCR, the
DVDs and the Internet, as well as the emergence of
social attitudes more tolerant of sexual portrayals.
Performers in pornography are referred to as
pornographic actors (or actresses), or the more
commonly title "porn star" and are generally seen
as qualitatively different from their mainstream
counterparts. Amateur pornography has become
widely popular and generally distributed via the
internet for free.
Depictions of a sexual nature are old as civilization
(and possibly older, in the form of Venus figurines
and rock art)"' but the concept of pornography as
understood today did not exist until the Victorian
era. Previous to that time, though some sex acts
were regulated or stipulated in laws looking at
objects or Images depicting them was not. In some
cases, specific books, engravings or image
collections were censored or outlawed, but the
trend to compose laws that restricted viewing of
sexually explicit things in general was a Victorian
construct.
When large scale excavations of Pompeii were
undertaken in the 1860s, much or the erotic arc or
the Romans came to fight, shocking the Victorians
who saw themselves as the intellectual heirs of the
Roman Empire. They did not know what to do with
the frank depictions of sexuality, and endeavored to
hide them away from everyone but upper class
scholars. The moveable objects were locked away
in the Secret Museum in Naples and what could not
be removed was covered and cordoned off as to
not corrupt the sensibilities of women, children and
the working class. Soon after, the world's first law
criminalizing pornography was enacted by the
Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1857 in the
Obscene Publications Act.
The Victorian attitude that pornography was for a
select few can be seen in the wording of the Hicklin
test stemming from a court case in 1868 where it
asks, "Whether the tendency of the matter charged
as obscenity is to deprave and corrupt those whose
minds are open to such immoral influences."
Despite the fact of their suppression, depictions of
erotic imagery were common throughout history.
Amateur pornography /s a category of pornography
that features models or actors performing without
pay, or for whom this material is their first or only
paid modeling work.
 Reality pornography is professionally
made porn which seeks to emulate the style
of amateur pornography Amateur porn has
been called one of the most profitable and
long-lasting genres of pornography.
 Amateur porn began to be popular in the
1980s, when people began recording their
sex lives on camcorders and watching the
results on VCRs. Prior to this couples had to
film themselves using Super 8 film which
then had to be sent for processing. Polaroid
cameras allowed images to be produced
immediately, without the need for sending
the material out to the processing facility.
 The term Real core has been used to
describe digital amateur porn, which arose
due to the combination of cheap digital
cameras and the World Wide Web in the
late 90s. The term refers both to how porn is
made, with simple cameras and a
documentary style, and how it is distributed,
mostly for free, in Web communities or
Usenet newsgroups. The term was invented
by Sergio Messina, who first used it at the
Ars Electronica Symposium in 2000, and
was subsequently adopted by a number of
authors and experts. Sergio Messina has
written a book on the subject, entitled Real
core, the digital porn revolution.
Amateur porn eventually influenced the rise of the
celebrity sex tape, featuring stars like Pamela
Anderson and Paris Hilton.
 Sexual fetishism, or erotic fetishism, is
the sexual arousal brought on by any object,
situation or body part not conventionally
viewed as being sexual in nature. Sexual
fetishism rnay be regarded, e.g. in
psychiatric medicine, as disorder of sexual
preference or as an enhancing element to a
relationship causing a better sexual bond
 between the and female. The sexual acts
involving fetishes are characteristically
depersonalized and objectified, even when
they involve a partner. Body parts may also
be the subject of sexual fetishes (also
known as partialism) in which the body part
preferred by the fetishist takes a sexual
precedence over the owner.
Alfred Binet proposed that fetishes be classified as
either "spiritual love" or "plastic love". "Spiritual
love" occupied the devotion for specific mental
phenomena, such as attitudes, social class, or
occupational roles; while "plastic love" referred to
the devotion exhibited towards material objects
such as body parts, textures or shoes.
The existential approach to mental disorders
developed in the 1940s and influenced a view that
fetishes had complex personal meanings beyond
the general categories of psychoanalytical
treatment. For instance, the Austrian neurologist
and logo therapist Viktor Frank once noted the case
of a man with a sexual fetish involving
simultaneously, both frogs and glue.
 Group sex /s sexual behavior involving
more than three participants at the same
time. The main focus of this page is group
sex among humans, however group sex
also occurs in other animal species, for
instance, bighorn sheep and bonobos.
Any and all sexual behavior performed by at least
four people can be a part of group sex, as well as a
number of behaviors only possible with more than
two people. Group sex involving one participant
being penetrated by multiple people is sometimes
termed a gang bang. In modern parlance an orgy
may also refer to an event involving group sex
Group sex may involve three or more people of any
gender or sexual orientation. The events
themselves may be characterized by sex; for
example, a straight group sex session would
involve only heterosexual sex. Some venues for
group sex may be intended for a particular group or
groups of people. Different types of group sex may
or may not involve switching partners.
Group sex may be a part of other social activities
such as parties, although some venues such as
gay bathhouses tend to eschew talking.
Pornography's Effects on Adults
Despite what its defenders say, pornography has
profoundly negative effects on people's views of
sex and sexual behavior. Researchers at the
National Foundation for Family Research and
Education concluded that "exposure to
pornography puts viewers at increased risk for
developing sexually deviant tendencies." According
to the report, "the rape myth (belief that women
cause and enjoy rape, and that rapists are normal)
is very widespread in habitual male users of
pornography.
Some researchers say that the repeated use of
pornography interfere with the ability to enjoy and
participate in normal marital intimacy Dr. Victor
Cline, a specialist in treating sex addiction, has
noticed recurring progression in the use of
pornography. If left unchecked, what starts as
casual viewing of pornography can eventually lead
to an escalation to more hard-core, aberrant
material. This, he claims, can lead to deviant sexual
acts. Behavioral scientists agree. Dr. Cline reports
that "any type of sexual deviation can be acquired
in this way and that it cannot be eliminated even by
massive feelings of guilt." Eventually, the viewer
may try to act out the pornography-based, immoral
fantasies, often with devastating results.
The course of this problem may be gradual and
undetected, concluded Cline. He states: "Like a
cancer, it keeps growing and spreading. It rarely
ever reverses itself, and it is also very difficult to
treat and heal. Denial on the part of the male addict
and refusal to confront the problem are typical and
predictable, and this almost always leads to marital
or couple disharmony, sometimes divorce, and
sometimes the breaking up of other intimate
relationships.”
 The Damage to Young People
Some researchers say that exposure to
pornography can affect the natural development of
a child's brain Statistics show that the primary
consumers of pornography are boys between the
ages of 12 and pornography is their primary 17. In
fact, for many, pornography is either primary source
of sexual education. This has very disturbing
ramifications. "Teen pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases like AIDS." Notes one report,
"are completely nonexistent in porn, giving a false
belief that there are no adverse consequences to
behaviors depicted in pornography.”
Some researchers say that exposure to
pornography can also affect the natural
development of a child's brain. Dr. Judith Reisman,
president of the Institute for Media Education,
concludes: "Health based neurological
observations about the instinctual brain-imprinted
response to pornographic sights and sounds
indicates that viewing pornography is a biologically
significant event that overrides informed consent—
and that is harmful to children's [moldable) 'plastic'
brains because it compromises their grasp of reality
and thus their mental and physical health, their
well-being and their pursuit of happiness."
 The Effects on Relationships
Pornography shapes altitudes and influences
behavior. Its messages are enticing primarily
because they are fantasy and thus presented as
more exciting than the real thing. (See the box
"'Which Will You Accept?"" "Individuals using
pornography set themselves up for unrealistic
expectations leading to damaged relationships,"
notes one report.
Pornography can destroy trust and openness,
essential qualities in a marriage. Because it is
primarily viewed in secret, pornography use often
leads to deception and lying. Mates feel betrayed.
They do not understand why their marriage partner
no longer funds them desirable.
 Spiritual Harm
Pornography use causes serious spiritual damage.
It can become a real impediment for an individual
seeking to have a relationship with God. The Bible
links sexual appetite with covetousness and
idolatry. (Colossians 3:51 the one coveting
something desires it so much that it becomes the
dominant thing in his life, eclipsing everything else.
In essence, those addicted to pornography put their
sexual desire above God. They thus make an idol
of it. Jehovah God's command states: "You must
not have any other gods against my face. “ Exodus
20:3
 Addictive and Progressive
Dr, Victor Cline a known pornography therapist
identified a four-stage progression describing the
addictive quality of pornography.
According to Cline, after exposure and repeated
viewing, a person enters stage one, which is
addiction. We know from recent research that porn
viewing stimulates a powerful cocktail of
neurotransmitters that floods the brain and provides
a high similar to that' produced by narcotics.
Once addicted, a person may reach stage two,
which is escalation. In this stage, material that
formerly produced the "high" longer does. More
material, longer viewing times and harder, coarser,
more degrading material is sought in order to
achieve the same degree of stimulation.
The third stage is desensitization. Dr. Cline wrote:
"Material which was originally perceived as
shocking, taboo-breaking, illegal, repulsive or
immoral, in time, comes to be seen as acceptable
and commonplace"
The final stage involves acting-out what the user
has seen in pornography. 'This could take the form
of seeking out prostitutes, engaging in group sex,
voyeurism, inflicting pain, compulsive promiscuity,
committing rape or child sexual assault.
 Legality
Revised Penal Code Article 202
Vagrants and prostitutes; penalty The following are
vagrants:
1. Any person having' no apparent means of
subsistence, who has the physical ability to work
and who neglects to apply himself or herself to
some lawful calling;
2. Any person found loitering about public or
semipublic buildings or places or trampling or
wandering about the country or the streets without
visible means of support;
3. Any idle or dissolute person who ledges in
houses of ill fame; ruffians or pimps and those who
habitually associate with prostitutes;
4. Any person who, not being Inc provisions of
other articles of this Code, shall be found loitering
in any inhabited or uninhabited place belonging to
another without any lawful or justifiable purpose;
5. Prostitutes
For the purposes of this article, women who,
intercourse for money or profit, habitually indulge in
sexual or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be
prostitutes. Any person found guilty of any of the
offenses covered by this articles shall be punished
by arrest minor or a fine not exceeding 200 pesos,
and in case of recidivism, by arrest mayor in its
medium period to prison correctional in its minimum
period or a fine ranging from 200 to 2,000 pesos, or
both, in the discretion of the court.
 Revised Penal Code Article 341
Penal Code article 341 imposes a penalty to any
person who "shall engage in the business or shall
profit by prostitution or shall enlist the services of
any other person for the purpose of prostitution.
 Republic Act 9208
Section 4 of Republic Act 9208, otherwise known
as the "Anti-Tracking in Persons Act of 2003"
deems it unlawful for any person, natural or
juridical, to commit any of the following acts:
(a) To recruit, transport, transfer, harbor, provide, or
receive a person by any means, including those
done under the pretext of domestic or overseas
employment or training or apprenticeship, for the
purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual
exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary
servitude or debt bondage;
(b) To introduce or match for money, profit, or
material, economic or other consideration, any
person or, as provided for under Republic Act NO.
6955, any Filipino women to a foreign national, for
marriage for the purpose of acquiring, buying,
offering, selling or trading him/her to engage in
prostitution, pornography, sexual exploitation,
forced labor, slavery, involuntary servitude or debt
bondage;
(c) To offer or contract marriage, real or simulated,
for the purpose of acquiring, buying, offering,
selling, or trading them to engage in prostitution,
pornography, sexual exploitation, forced labor or
slavery, involuntary servitude or debt bondage;
(d) To undertake or organize tours and travel pains
consisting of tourism packages or activities for the
purpose of utilizing and offering persons for
prostitution, pornography or sexual exploitation;
(e)To maintain or hire a person to engage in
prostitution or pornography;
(f) To adopt or facilitate the adoption of persons for
the purpose of prostitution, pornography, sexual
exploitation, forced labor, slavery, involuntary
servitude or debt bondage;
(g) To recruit, hire, adopt, transport or abduct a
person, by means of threat or use of force, fraud
deceit, violence, coercion, or intimidation for the
purpose of removal or sale of organs of said
person; and
Heart To recruit, transport or adopt a child to
engage in armed activities in the Philippines or
abroad.
 Republic Act 7610 - special Protection of
Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination Act
Sec, 5. Child prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse.
Children, whether male or female, who for money,
profit, or any other consideration or due to the
coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or
group, indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious
conduct, deemed to be children exploited in
prostitution and other sexual abuse. The penalty of
reclusion temporal in its medium period reclusion
perpetual shall be imposed upon the following:
(a)Those who engage in or promote, facilitate or
induce child prostitution which include, but are not
limited to, the following:
(1)Acting as a procurer of a child prostitute;
(2) Inducing a person to be a client of a child
prostitute by means of written or oral
advertisements or other similar means;
(3)Taking advantage of influence or relationship to
procure a child as prostitute;

(4)Threatening or using violence towards a child to
engage him as a prostitute; or
(5)Giving monetary consideration goods or other
pecuniary benefit to a child with intent to engage
such child in prostitution.
(b) Those who commit the act of sexual
intercourse of lascivious conduct with a child
exploited in prostitution or subject to other sexual
abuse; Provided, That when the victims is under
twelve (12) years of age, the perpetrators shall be
prosecuted under Article 335, paragraph 3, for rape
and Article 336 oi Act NO.
381 5, as amended, the Revised Penal Code, for
rape or lascivious conduct, as the case may be:
Provided, That the penalty for lascivious conduct
when the victim is under twelve (12) years of age
shall be reclusion temporal in its medium period;
and
(c) Those who derive profit or advantage
therefrom, whether as manager or owner of the
establishment where the prostitution takes place, or
of the sauna, disco, bar, resort, place of
entertainment or establishment serving as a cover
or which engages in prostitution in addition to the
activity for which the license has been issued to
said establishment.
 Sec. 6. Attempt To Commit Child
Prostitution.-There is an attempt to commit
child prostitution under Sections, paragraph
(a) hereof when any person who, not being
a relative of a child, is found alone with the
said child inside the room or cubicle of a
house, an inn, hotel, motel, pension house,
apartelle or other similar establishments,
vessel, vehicle or any other hidden or
secluded area under circumstances which
would lead a reasonable person to believe
that the child is about to be exploited in
prostitution and other sexual abuse.
There is also an attempt to commit child
prostitution, under paragraph (b) of Section 5
hereof when any person is receiving services from
a child in a sauna parlor or bath, massage clinic,
health club and Other; similar establishments. A
penalty lower by two (2) degrees than that
prescribed for the consummated \ felony under
Section 5 hereof shall' be imposed upon the
principals of the attempt to commit the crime of
child prostitution under this Act, or, in the proper
case, under the Revised penal code.
 Republic Act 6955 - Man order Brides
RA 6955 basically declares as unlawful "the
practice of matching Filipino women for marriage to
foreign nationals on a mail order basis. Republic
Act 8042 - Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos
Act
 RA 8042 (Long title: AN ACT TO
INSTITUTETE THE POLICIES OF
OVERSEAS EMPLOYMENT AND
ESTABLISH A HIGHER STANDARD OF
PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF THE
WELFARE OF MIGRANT WORKERS,
THEIR FAMILIES AND OVERSEAS
FILIPINOS IN DISTRESS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES.)
The act contains provisions which regulate
the recruitment of overseas workers;
mandate establishment of a mechanism for
free legal assistance for victims of illegal
recruitment; direct all embassies and
consular offices to issue travel advisories or
disseminate information on labor and
employment conditions, migration realities
and other facts; regulate repatriation of
workers in ordinary cases and provide a
mechanism for repatriation in extraordinary
cases; mandate establishment of a Migrant
Workers and Other Overseas Filipinos
Resource Center to provide social services
to returning worker and Other migrants;
establishment of a Migrant Workers Loan
mandate Guarantee the Fund to provide
pre-departure and family assistance loans;
establishes a legal assistance fund for
migrant workers; and other provisions
related to Filipino migrant workers. The act,
approved on June 7, 1995, mandates that
pursuant to the objectives of deregulation
the Department of Labor and Employment
(DOLE) shall: within a period of five (5)
years, phase- out the regulatory functions of
the Philippine Overseas Employment
Administration (POEA).
  House Resolution No. 779
House of Representatives of the Philippines
Citizen's Battle Against Corruption (CIBAC) Reps.
Emmanuel Joel Villanueva and Cinchona Cruz
Gonzales, on September 24, filed House
Resolution No. 779 to intensify the fight against
human trafficking on all levels, from legislation,
policy formulation, enforcement and prosecution, to
rehabilitation and support for victims. Villanueva
said: "Human trafficking is fast becoming a major
transnational crime next only to the illegal drugs
trade and illegal arms trade. Most of the victims of
trafficking are being exploited as commercial sex
workers, forced laborer"' and even unwilling organ
donors. We must consider the reports of the victims
that lack of funds and resources are key problems
in the full implementation of the Anti-Trafficking of
Persons Act, including the necessary support and
protection." The National Bureau of Investigation
(Philippines) reported "more than 400,000 persons
from both government and nongovernment
organizations who, are victims of trafficking and
almost 100,000 of these victims are children." Cruz-
Gonzales said: "As of last year, only a little over a
thousand cases were -officially reported. Batangas
Network.
 On September 15, 2007, the Children and
Youth Secretariat of the Anti-Child
Pornography Alliance (ACPA- P11ipinas)
launched Batingaw Network to exploitations.
It is the biggest formation against child
pornography (cyber-sex dens: Internet
shops with pornographic cubicles). rt
declared September 28 as the "National
Day of Awareness and Unity against Child
Pornography.
 Senate hearing
On September 15, 2004, the first hearing was held
on escort services. UJ followed by a second
hearing on September 22, 2004, attended by well
mown movie personalities and a third hearing,
attended by representatives from KTVs.
 Tracking in different areas
A special report from the Vatican states: The
Philippines has a serious trafficking problem of
women and children illegally recruited into the
tourist industry for sexual exploitation. Destinations
within the country are Metro Manila, Angels City,
Olongapo City, towns in Bulacan, Batangas, Cebu
City, Davao and Cagayan de Oro City and :other
sex tourist resorts such as Puerto Galera, which is
notorious, Pagsanjan, Laguna, San Fernando
Pampanga, and many beach resorts throughout the
country. The promise of recruiters offers women
and children attractive jobs in the country or
abroad, and instead& they are coerced and forced
and controlled into the sex industry for tourists in
the Philippines, child sex slaves are sold on the
open market.
· Puerto Galera
· Subic Bay
· Angeles
· Manila
· Olongapo
· Pagsanjan
· Pasay
· Makati
· Davao
· Cebu
· Pampanga
· Lucena City
Trafficking of Filipinas to Overseas Destinations
Sex tourism
British Foreign pedophiles.
SPE-FIL 1: Lesson Proper for Week 8 Una pang-una
Ano ang Pang-uri Ikalawa pangalawa
- Isang bahagi ng pananalita na Ikaaanim pang-anim
naglalarawan o nagbibigay-turing sa Ikalabing-isa panlabing-isa
pangngalan o panghalip. Ikadalawang daan pangalawang-daan

URI NG PANG-URI: 3. PAMAHAGI – Nagsasad ng pagbabahagi ng

isang kabuuan. Ginagamit dito ang panlaping ika-,
* PANG-URING PANLARAWAN - Naglalarawan kasama ang salitang bahagi, at ang panlaping ka-
ng itsura, kulay laki, hugis at iba pang katangian ng na buhat sa ika.
pangngalan o panghalip.
Mga Halimbawa:
Halimbawa: Una pang-una
- Ang mabuting mag-asawa ay ginantimpalaan . Ikalawa pangalawa
- matabang lalaki Ikaaanim pang-anim
- mataas na puno Ikalabing-isa panlabing-isa
- itim na damit Ikadalawang daan pangalawang-daan
- mabahong paligid
4. PALANSAK – Nagsasaad ng pabukod na
* PANG-URING PAMILANG - Mga pang-uring paghahati-hati. Ginagawa ito sa limang paraan.
nagsasaad ng dami o bilang ng isang panghalip o
pangngalan. Ang pang-uring pamilang ay maaaring Mga Halimbawa:
maging:
a. Pag-uulit ng pamilang na patakaran – isa-isa,
A. Kardinal - ginagamit sa pagsasabi ng dami dala- Dalawa, lima-lima, sampu-sampo, sanda-
ng pangngalan o panghalip. sandaan.
Halimbawa: Dalawang anak, isang matandang
babae b. Paggamit ng panlaping –an o –han – isahan,
dalawahan, apatan, animan, siyaman, labing-isang
B. Ordinal - Nagsasabi ng pagkaaksunod- sandaanan.
sunod ng pangngalan. Ginagamitan ng
panlaping: ika-, pang-, pam-, o pan maliban c. Pag-uulit sa Unang Patinig o katinig – iisa,
sa ordinal na una dadalawa, Aanim, lalabing-isa, dadalawampu,
Halimbawa: Unang gantimpala, ikasampung sasandaan
pwesto
d. Ganap na Pag-uulit ng Salitang-ugat – iisa-isa,
 URI NG PAMILANG tatatlu-tatlo, sasampu-sampu, lalabi-labing-isa,
sasanda-sandaan.
1. PATAKARAN – ito ang pamilang na nagsasaad
ng dami. e. Paggamit ng tig- tig-isa, tig-tatlo (tigatlo), tig-
lima, tiglabing-isa, tig-dalawampu, tig-isang daan
Mga Halimbawa: (tigsandaan)
Isa Labindalawa Isang daan
Dalawa Labimpito tatlong milyon 5. PAHALAGA – Nagsasaad ng halaga.
Lima dalawampu apat na bilyon Ginagamitan ito ng Panlaping ma- (na buhat sa
Anim pitumpu limang trilyon panlaping mang-) at ng panlaping tig-

2. PANUNURAN – nagpapahayag ng Mga Halimbawa:

pagkakasunud-sunod. Kadalasan, May panlapi a. May panlaping ma- (buhat sa mang-) –
itong –ika o pang- mamera, mamiso, manalapi
b. May panlaping tig-isang pera, tigatlong piso,
Mga Halimbawa: tigsandaang piso, tigsanlibong piso.
  KAANTASAN NG PANG-URI
1. LANTAY – Kaantasang naglalarawan ng nag-
iisang pangngalan o panghalip
Halimbawa: Matalinong Bata si Pedrito
2. PAHAMBING - Kaantasang naghahambing ng
katangian ng dalawang pangngalan o panghalip.
Ginagamit sa pang-uring pahambing ang mga
salita o katagang: mas, magsing, magkasing , sing,
higit na, pareho, kapwa, at iba pa
Halimbawa: Magsintalino sila Pedrito at Ullyses
3. PASUKDOL – Kaantasang naghahambing ng
katangian ng tatlo o mahigit pang pangngalan o
panghalip kung saan inilalarawan ang may
pinakamatinding katangian sa lahat. Ginagamit sa
pang-uring pasukdol ang mga salita o katagang:
pinaka-, hari ng, pagka--, napaka-, ubod- walang
kasing, lubha, sakdal. Gayundin ang pag-uulit sa
pang-uri tulad ng mabuting-mabuti,
Halimbawa: Pinakamatalino pa rin sa lahat ang
gurong nagtuturo sa mga bata ng mabuting asal at
tamang pakikipagkapwa-tao
 KAYARIAN NG PANG-URI
1. PAYAK – Ito ay binubuo ng salitang-ugat
lamang.
Halimbawa: Berde, luntian, asim, galit
2. MAYLAPI – Ito’y mga salitang-ugat na
kinakabitan ng mga panlaping ka, ma-, in, ma-hin,
kasing. Kasim atbp.
Halimbawa: Mapusok, kaibigan, kasimputi
3. INUULIT – Ito’y binubuo sa pamamagitan ng
pag-uulit ng buong salita o bahagi ng salita
Halimbawa: pulang-pula, bungang-bunga,
oras-oras, galit na galit
4. TAMBALAN – Ito’y binubuo ng dalawang
salitang pinagtambal
Halimbawa: Ngiting-aso , pugad-birhen,
kapit-tuko, hilong-talilong
P.E. 2: Lesson Proper for Week 8
Module 8: Common Dance Terms in Philippine
Folk Dance
• Abracete – Girl at the right side, holds Right arm
of partner with her Left hand, free hands down at
the sides. This terms is of Spanish and is used in
Rigodon and in other dances.
• Arms in Lateral Position – both arms are at one
side, either sideward right or left. This may be done
at shoulder chest or waist level.
• Arms in Reverse “T” position – Arms are side
horizontal, elbows bent at right angles, forearms
parallel to head, palms forward or facing inward,
fists loosely closed.
• Bilao – To turn hands up and sown alternately,
hands at waist level in front, elbows close to waist.
• Brush – Weight on one foot, hit the floor with the
ball or heel of the other foot (the free foot) after
which that foot is lifted from the floor to any
direction.
• Cabeceras – When dancers are in square
formation, the couples occupying the width of the
hall are called “cabeceras” or head couples. This is
of Spanish origin.
• Clockwise – Like the motion of the hands of the
clock. Right shoulder is toward the center of an
imaginary circle. When facing center, the
movement is toward the left.
• Counterclockwise – The reverse direction of
clockwise. Left shoulder is toward the center of an
imaginary circle. When facing center, the
movement is toward the right.
• Costados – When Dancers are in square
formation, the couples occupying the length of the
hall are called “costados” or side pairs. This is of
Spanish origin.
• Crossed arms – Partners are facing each other
or standing side by side, girl at the right of boy.
They join their Left hands together and their Right
hands together either Right over Left or Left over
Right hands.
• Cross- Over – Two couples (the vis-à-vis) are
opposite each other. Each couple proceeds in a
straight line to the opposite place. The girl pass by
their Left shoulders between the boy. Boys bow to
each other when they meet at the middle or at
about one-third of the way, then proceed to the
opposite place. Upon reaching the opposite place,
partner’s turnabout, girls stand at partners’ right
side.

• Cut – To displace quickly one foot with the other,

thus completely taking off the weight of the body
from the displaced foot.

• Do-Si-Do(“Dos-a-Dos”) – The vis-à-vis

(opposite) both advance forward, pass each other’s
right (or left) side, step across to the right (or left),
move backward without turning around pass each
other’s left (or right) side to proper places. This is of
foreign origin and is used in many Philippine
dances.

• Draw – To pull one foot along the floor close to

the other which has the weight of the body. The
weight may or may not be transferred.

• Free Foot – The foot no bearing the weight of the

body.

• Free Hand – The hand not place anywhere or not

doing anything.

• Hand on Waist – Place hands at the waist line (at

the smallest part of the trunk), knuckles in, fingers
pointing in rear.

• Hapay – To flourish or offer a handkerchief, hat or

glass of wine to somebody as a sign of invitation.

• Hayon –Hayon – To place one forearm in front

and the other at the back of the waist. This is a
Visayan term.

• Hop – A spring from one foot landing on the same

foot in place or any direction (in front, in rear,
sideward or across).

• Inside Foot - The foot nearest one’s partner,

when partners stand side by side.