ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF SATISFACTION OF THE LEADERSHIP STYLE OF

THE SUPREME STUDENT GOVERNMENT OFFICERS OF CABUGAO

INSTITUTE DURING THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE S.Y 2023-2024

A Research Paper Proposal

Submitted to

The Faculty of Cabugao Institute, Inc

Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfilment

of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research II

Submitted by

SUERO, Christian Dave P.

SIABABA, Patrick Jasper I.

COBANGBANG, Mark Neil M.

SEVERRINO, Jandel Rey

 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Any organization, whether a business, a school, or a government agency, needs leaders to

help guide the way. Leader provide direction and vision, motivate and inspire others to achieve

the organization’s goals, and help to create an environment conducive to success by promoting

communication and collaboration among team members. In short, leadership and strong

management are essential for any organization that wants to achieve its objectives (Retrieved

from:https://www.seinaheights.edu/10-reasons-leadership-is-important-in-the-workplace/).

As Steve Jobs rightly said, “Learn continually; there’s always one more thing to learn”.

Leadership is an acquired skill that gets refined over time, but in order to get to that stage, you

must have your basics set in place. These basics can be structured after going through online

leadership courses, and you must start learning through them without any delay

(https:/talentedge.com/articles/evolution-leadership-styles/amp/).

Filipino leadership and Filipino management may appear to be misleading because filipino

culture is based on deeply ingrained indigenous core values. Filipino culture focuses on kindship,

family, and social acceptance. Thus, Filipinos distinct leadership styles may include pakiramdam,

takutan, kulit, and patsamba-tsamba, among others. Filipino leadership styles have a significant

effect in the workplace setting, as well as schools [5], and may significantly affected one’s mental

health. For example, leaders who use takutan as their leadership style may cause stress and anxiety

among employees. These leaders have been taught earlier on that the best results are achieved by
those who are toughest, driven, and demanding [6]. (Retrieved from:

https://mentalhealthph.org/11-10/).

The examination of the level of satisfaction with the leadership style of SSG (Supreme

Student Government) officers within the Cabugao Institute during the first semester of the

academic year 2023-2024 holds significant importance. Leadership within academic institutions

plays a pivotal role in shaping the student experience, influencing academic performance, and

fostering a positive learning environment. Understanding the satisfaction levels with the leadership

styles of SSG officers provides valuable insights into the overall student sentiment, aiding in the

enhancement of student government structures and ensuring a conducive atmosphere for learning

and personal development.

This study’s unique contribution lies in its focused investigation into the leadership

dynamics specifically within the Cabugao Institute. By narrowing the scope to a particular

academic unit, the research can identify nuanced challenges and strengths that may be unique to

the field of information technology education. This targeted approach allows for tailored

improvements in leadership strategies, potentially leading to better student engagement, increased

collaboration, and a more enriching academic experience within the Cabugao Institute. The

research methodology involves surveys, interviews and possibly observations to gather

comprehensive data on student satisfaction, providing a holistic view of the leadership landscape.

The results and subsequent analysis aim to offer actionable insights for refining leadership

practices, ultimately contributing to an enhanced educational environment within the college. In

conclusion, this study not only addresses a specific need within the academic community but also

provides a blueprint for similar investigations in other disciplines, promoting continuous

improvement in student leadership across diverse academic domains.

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of the study is to assess the level of satisfaction of the leadership style of the

SSG officers of C.I during the first semester of the S.Y 2023-2024.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:

1. What are the programs or activities implemented by the SSG you are aware of?

2. What is the level of satisfaction in terms of the implementation of the programs and

activities of SSG leadership style during the first semester of the S.Y 2023-2024

3. What are the things that the SSG officers should improve in the conduct and

implementation of programs and activities?

Scope and Delimitations

This study will be the composed of five chapters. Chapter I will be the introductory part

which contains the background of the study, a statement of the problem, the scope and

delimitations, the significance of the study, the operational definition of terms, and the hypothesis.

Chapter II will be the review and related studies, the theoretical framework, the conceptual

framework.

Chapter III will be the methodology, the research design, the participants of the study, the

research instrument, the data gathering procedure, the ethical consideration, the statistical

treatment.

Chapter IV will be the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.

Chapter V will be composed of the summary, findings, conclusion, recommendation.

 The research will be limited to the experiences of students, factors that influenced students

and problems encountered by the students in using leadership style.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be a great benefit to the following:

STUDENTS. Through the help of this research, students will understand the satisfaction

levels with the SSG officers’ leadership can directly impact students’ overall school experience. It

may contribute to an improved student-government relationship, creating a more supportive and

engaging environment.

OFFICERS. The study result can offer constructive feedback to SSG officers, aiding them

in refining their leadership approaches. This knowledge empowers officers to enhance their

effectiveness, fostering a more positive and collaborative leadership dynamic withing the student

body.

PARENTS. Through this study, parents can gain insights into the quality of student

leadership within the school. Positive leadership experiences contribute to a safe and more

conducive learning environment giving parents confidence in their child’s educational journey.

FUTURE RESEARCHER. The study serves as a foundational reference for future

researchers interested in exploring leadership dynamics within students organization. It provides

a quantitative framework that can be used to compare and contrast leadership style in various

educational settings.
Operational Definition of Terms

LEADER. In general, the role of a leader is to coach, guide, and inspire others. They

motivate teams through challenging times and guide individuals through their career progressions.

A leader manages individuals to keep teams aligned and working toward shared goals.

LEADERSHIP. Leadership is a set of behaviors used to help people align their collective

direction, to execute strategic plans, and to continually renew an organization.

ORGANIZATION. An organization is a body built for a collection of individuals who join

together to achieve som e common goals and objectives bounded by legal entities. Organization

are often referred to as a company, institution, association, government body, etc.

Assumption/Hypothesis

In this study, the following hypothesis are considered:

1. There are no relevant programs implemented by the SSG officers.

2. There is no level of satisfaction in terms of the implementation of the program and

activities of SSG leadership style during the first semester of the S.Y 2023-2024.

3. There are no things that the SSG officers should improve in the conduct and

implementations of programs and activities.

 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Theoretical Framework

The researchers found it necessary to review related theories, studies and concepts on

leadership style as background in explicating and articulating this study.

This study is anchored on the following leadership theories and style, they are:

Behavioral Theory by https://www.wgu.egu/blog/leadership-theories-styles2004.html#close.

The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits

can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren’t

born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior. Behavioral theories of

leadership focus heavily on the actions of a leader—this theory suggests that the best predictor of

leadership success is viewing how a leader acts. Action rather than qualities are the focal points

of behavioral learning theory. Patterns of behavior are observed and categorized as “styles of

leadership” in this theory. Some of the styles of leadership include task-oriented leaders,

peopleoriented leaders, country club leaders, status-quo leaders, dictatorial leaders, and more. At

the end of the day, the actions and actual behaviors of a leader are what defines success in this

theory.

The behavioral theory has many advantages, primarily that leaders can learn and decide

what actions they want to implement to become the kind of leader they want to be. It allows

leaders to be flexible and adapt based on their circumstances. Another great benefit of this

leadership style is that it suggests anyone is capable of becoming a leader. Some disadvantages

of the behavioral theory are that while it allows flexibility, it doesn’t directly suggest how to
behave in certain circumstances. There are dozens of leadership styles that stem from the

behavioral theory, but there isn’t a right one for every circumstance (Ibid).

A great example of the behavioral theory is looking at a task-oriented leader vs. a

peopleoriented leader. If there’s a problem with a team, a task-oriented leader will look at the

process to see if something needs to be adjusted with the workflow. A people-oriented leader

will look at the individuals and go right to them, asking what the issue is. Whatever behaviors

you choose, the behavioral leadership theory helps leaders focus on their actions and utilize their

decisions to be a great leader (Ibid).

Power Theory by (ibid). This theory looks at the way a leader utilizes their power and influence

to get things accomplished. French and Raven's Five Forms of Power is a commonly known

power theory of leadership. It looks at positional power and personal power and how they impact

leaders choices and outcomes (Ibid).

This theory may appear to be highly effective—leaders with great power may seem

highly efficient and get things done quickly. However, most employees don’t appreciate power

leadership. They want a leader who doesn’t wield power over them, but works with them and

encourages them. Thus the greatest criticism of this theory is that it doesn’t reach the end goal of

inspiring and encouraging employees, but rather makes them feel dominated (Ibid).

The power theory can be seen in organizations where hierarchy and promotion is key to

success. Employees in power theory companies see that their only way to influence change or

impact the company is to gain power of their own. This can result in low morale, political, and

cliquey climates in the officer (Ibid).

Participative Theory by (ibid). Participative leadership isn’t as common in the corporate world.

Sometimes called democratic leadership, this leadership theory suggests that employees be

directly involved in decision making in their organization. The leader simply facilitates a

conversation and then takes all the suggestions, and comes up with the best possible action. In

this theory, everyone is very involved with decisions for the team and organization, with the

leader simply helping direct the charge (Ibid).

There are many advantages to this theory. Employees feel more engaged and motivated

when they are directly involved in decisions and outcomes for their company. This theory is not

without criticism however—some suggest that this type of style makes leaders appear weak or

unnecessary. It is also a criticism that leaders in this theory don’t actually get the best outcomes,

because they are too engaged in what people want more than what the company needs (Ibid).

Bill Gates is a we’ll known example of participative theory. While this theory is still

hotly debated, there are many examples of companies that work to incorporate employees more

in the decision-making process. In this theory, a leader may have a meeting to ask employees

how to solve a particular problem. They encourage employees to be open and honest about their

thoughts. They take all the suggestions, and meet with other leaders to discuss them. Leaders

then make a decision based on the input from employees and their own decision making.

Employees tend to appreciate this style, though it can be less effective overall (Ibid).

Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study is shown in this diagram.

 Independent Variable Dependent Variable

As shown in the diagram above, the independent variable is the leadership style and the

dependent variable is the satisfaction of the student in the programs and activities of SSG

officers and feedback of the students.

Related Studies

Leader Styles and Student Satisfaction in Higher Education: A Case Study of the

University of the Philippines Los Banos. This article was published by M.A Santos and J.C.

Cruz on October 10, 2020. I was retrieved from https://mentalhealth.org/11-10/. This study

examines the relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-

faire) and student satisfaction in a Philippine university setting.

The Impact of Student Government Leadership on Campus Engagement and Satisfaction.

This article was published by K.L. Smith and R.A. Jones on March 4, 2019. It was retrieved

from https://files.eric.ed.gov./fulltext/EJ-1344509.pdf. This research investigates the link

between effective SSG leadership and student engagement and satisfaction in US colleges.

Leadership Styles Effectiveness in Student Organization: A Meta-Analysis. This article was

published by J.C. Baker and M.P Green on March 2, 2018. It was retrieved from
https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downAritcle/116/11/3/202586. This meta-analysis synthesizes

research on leadership styles and effectiveness in student organizations across various contexts.

Student Government Satisfaction: A Factor Analysis Approach. This article was published by

L.M. Brown and A.D. Hill on December 4, 2017. It was retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/44938656/Students_Satisfaction_on_the_Supreme_Student_Governm

ent_Services_Basis_for_Action_Plan. This study identifies key factors influencing student

satisfaction with SSG’s using factor analysis in a US university setting.

Leadership in Times of Crisis: Student Government Responses to the COVID-19

Pandemic. This article was published by E.S. Lee and J.H. Park on January 6, 2022. It was

retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/1511/266. This research examines how SSG

leadership adapted to the pandemic and it’s impact on student satisfaction.

The article entitled “Unlocking the mask:A look at the process by which authentic leaders

impact followers attitudes and behaviours” by Avolio et al (2004),discusses the initial

foundation work for the broader theoretical framework of how authentic leaders influence

followers attitudes,beheviors, and performance. It was retrieved from

https://psynet.apa.org/record/2004-22440-005. This research examines how SSG leadership

adapted to the pandemic and it’s impact on student satisfaction.

“The Effects of the Leadership Style on the Learning Motivation of Student in Elementary

Schools” by Lin M. and Chuang T. (2014). The article discusses if a teacher can break through

the tradition and adopt creativity leadership style, it is possible to increase the learning

motivation and result in better learning a achievement. It was retrieved form

https://www.scrip.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=42636. . This research examines how

SSG leadership adapted to the pandemic and it’s impact on student satisfaction.

“Effective Leadership Styles” by Sethuraman and Suresh (2014). The paper explores the

relationship between inborn preferences and leadership styles, suggesting that effective

leadership style can be developed based on understanding of situations and focusing on inborn

preferences. It was retrieved from https://typeset.10/papers/effective-leadership-style-

32bk2yrtw3. . This research examines how SSG leadership adapted to the pandemic and it’s

impact on student satisfaction.

The Effectiveness of Student Government Associations at Selected Four-Year Institutions

of Higher Eduation as Perceived by Chief Academic Officers, Faculty Senate Chairpersons,

Chief Student Affairs Officers, and Student Government President. This article was

published by Kathryn Estelle Jones on December, 1893. It was retrieved from

bitstream/handle/11244/19362/. This study assessed the perceived effectiveness of student

governments, that is, the degree of influence held by the student government association in

institutional policy making, as reported by chief academic officers, faculty senate chairpersons,

chief student affairs officers, and student government presidents at selected four-year institutions

of higher education.

Efficacy of Supreme Student Government in Three Secondary Schools. This article was

published by Harold Locaylocay Arribado. It was retrieved from https://www.ijsr.net/. This

study assessed the efficacy of the Supreme Student Government (SSG) of public secondary

schools in Daanbantayan District II for School Year 2018-2019.

Leadership Styles of School Heads and its Relationship to School Performance. This article

was published by researchgate. This article was authored by Richard Oco and was last

modified on January, 2022. It was retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/. This research is

about leadership styles employed by administrators and its effects on school performance.

Distinctive Features of Executive Functions among Students with Differing Levels of

Probabilistic Thinking Style. This article was published by Dobrin, Alexander Viktorovich;

Shcherbatykh, Sergey Victorovich on October, 2021. It was retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/.

This article mentioned about the control of interference and self-control in students with different

levels of probabilistic thinking style (PTS).

A scoping review of research instruments for measuring student engagement: In need for

convergence. This article was published by researchgate, this article was authored by Katja

Buntins, Michael Kerres, and Anna Heinemann and it was published on December, 2021. It was

retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/. This article reports on how student engagement is

measured in research on technology enhanced learning in higher education.

A article by Sait Revda Dinibutun , entitled “ Leadership: A comprehensive Review of

Literature, Research and Theoretical Framework”. The paper discussed how effective

leadership can be achieved throughout the organization by exploring many different theories of

leadership, and to present leadership as a basic way of achieving individual and organizational

goals. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338684524_Leadership_A_Comprehensive_Review_o

f_Literature_Research_and_Theoretical_Framework
A study by Berhane Aradom Tedla entitled “LEADERSHIP STYLES AND SCHOOL

PERFORMANCE:A STUDY WITHIN AN ERITREAN CONTEXT OF EASTERN

AFRICA”. The study found that democratic and situational leadership styles have a positive

impact on school performance; while autocratic and laissez-faire leadership styles were found to

have negative impacts on school performance. Retrieved from

https://iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/Journal_uploads/IJM/VOLUME_12_ISSUE_3/IJM_12_03_109

Autocratic Leadership Style. According to Rad and Yarmohommadian. The style has its roots

in the transactional theory which accentuated the relationships that exist between Leaders and

their followers. In this case followers perform because of the reward system or punishment for

non compliance. The disadvantage of the autocratic Leadership styles appear to out weigh the

advantages. For that reason the autocratic Leadership styles is not popular among employees and

colleagues in most organization fused in organization the leader may apply it accidentally.

Laissez Faire Leadership Styles. According to Johannesen-with regard to the Laissez faire

leadership styles the leader does not directly supervise the members and does not rely on the

regular communication or feedback.

Transformational Leadership. According to Gumusluoglue and llsev (2009) the

transformational leadership theory was introduced by burnish 1978 and has since attracted a

great deal research attention.

Transactional Leadership Style. According to Bass and Avolio. The former leadership style is

also referred to as managerial leadership styles also refer to as managerial leadership styles.
Visionary Leadership Style. According to Luhrmann visionary leader also display behavior Ci.

e confidence pro-social behaviors and organizational capabilities that are nessesary for followers

them solves to the knowledge skills and ability to achieve organizational leaderships.

Situational Leadership. According to Kindle is the mixture tash behavior worker commitment

and relation behavior. Studies that the success of situational leadership styles.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers employed the descriptive method of research. According to creswell. the

descriptive research design is a study that describes the characteristics of a population or

phenomenom being studied.Primarily used to gain an understanding of a group or phenomenom.

The purpose of this research design according to cassandra Mcneil 2018) Is to describe, as well

as explain or validate some sort of hypothesis or objective when it comes to specific group of

people.

Participants of the Study

The participants of this study are the students of Cabugao institute in the school year

2023-2024. Purposive sampling was utilized as the selection method. The participants needed for

the study were selected according to the following criteria: a). A student of Cabugao Institute

year 2023-2024 b). Aware of the diff programs and activities by the SSG and c). Me or female.

Table 1

Distribution of the respondents of the study

STUDENTS MALE FEMALE TOTAL

Grade 7 21 22 43

Grade 8 24 24 48

Grade 9 21 22 43

Grade 10 24 24 48
 Grade 11 24 25 49

Grade 12 23 25 48

Overall Total 137 142 279

Research Instrument

This study made use of the questionnaire consisting of four parts.

Part I dealt on the information sheet where the profile of the respondents where gathered.

Part II dealt on the programs and activities sponsored by the SSG that the participants are aware

of.

Part III dealt on the level of satisfaction of the respondents on the programs and activities

implemented by the SSG.

Part IV dealt on the things that the SSG Officers should improve in the conduct and

implementation of programs and activities.

Data Gathering Procedure

In the conduct of the study, the researchers asked permission from the Cabugao Institute

Guidance Advocate. The researchers then was endorsed by the Cabugao Institute Guidance

Advocate to the different Grade Level Presidents of C.I namely Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9,

Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12. Proper coordination was made with the different Students/

Teachers. The researcher personally distributed the questionnaire.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The researchers made use of the following statistical treatments:

A. Frequency and Percentage were used to describe the distribution of the following

respondents relative to their personal characteristics and even the school profile.

B. The mean was used to indicate the typical perception of the respondents in regard to

the change orientation of academic students and organizational effectiveness of the

SSG OFFICERS of Cabugao Institute of Cabugao, and the academic students

leadership behaviors.