Adama Science and Technology University

School Of Mechanical, Chemical & Materials Engineering

Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Thermodynamics – I (Work sheet on chapter 1& 2)

1. What is the difference between the classical and the statistical approaches to
thermodynamics?
2. An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee on his table warmed up to 80°C by
picking up energy from the surrounding air, which is at 25°C. Is there any truth to his
claim? Does this process violate any thermodynamic laws?
3. What is the weight, in N, of an object with a mass of 200 kg at a location where g 59.6
m/s
4. A large fraction of the thermal energy generated in the engine of a car is rejected to the
air by the radiator through the circulating water. Should the radiator be analyzed as a
closed system or as an open system? Explain.
5. What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties? explain and give
example for each.
6. Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal energy at
20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the systems are
brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat transfer
between the two systems.
7. Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric processes.
8. The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multi fluid
manometer as shown in Fig. P1–50. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if
h1=0.2 m, h2 =0.3 m, and h3 =0.4 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be
1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively.
9. What is total energy? Identify the different forms of energy that constitute the total
energy
10. When is the energy crossing the boundaries of a closed system heat and when is it work?
11. What are the different mechanisms for transferring energy to or from a control volume?
12. Is iced water a pure substance? Why?
13. What is the difference between saturated vapor and superheated vapor?
14. Is it true that water boils at higher temperature at higher pressure? Explain
15. What is quality? Does it have any meaning in the superheated vapor region?
16. Which process requires more energy: completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid
water at 1 atm pressure or completely vaporizing 1 kg of saturated liquid water at 8 atm
pressure?
17. In the absence of compressed liquid tables, how is the specific volume of a compressed
liquid at a given P and T determined?
18. A definite area or space where some thermodynamic process takes place is known as:
(a) Thermodynamic system (b) Thermodynamic cycle

(c) Thermodynamic process (d) Thermodynamic law.

19. An open system is one in which

(a) Heat and work cross the boundary of the system, but the mass

Of the working substance does not

(b) Mass of working substance crosses the boundary of the system

 But the heat and work do not

(c)Heat and work as well as mass of the working substances

Cross the boundary of the system

(d) Neither the heat and work nor the mass of the working

Substances cross the boundary of the system.

20. An isolated system

(a) Is a specified region where transfers of energy and/or mass take place?

(b) Is a region of constant mass and only energy is allowed to cross the boundaries

(c) Cannot transfer either energy or mass to or from the surroundings

(d) Is one in which mass within the system is not necessarily constant

(e) None of the above.

21. Which of the following is an intensive property of a thermodynamic system?

a) Volume (b) Temperature (c) Mass (d) Energy

22. Which of the following is the extensive property of a thermodynamic system?

(a) Pressure (b) Volume (c) Temperature (d) Density.

23. When two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body they are also in thermal
equilibrium with each other. This statement is called

(a) Zeroth law of thermodynamics (b) First law of thermodynamics

(c) Second law of thermodynamics (d) Kelvin Planck’s law.

24. Define a thermodynamic system. Differentiate between open system, closed system and an
isolated system.

25. Explain the following terms: (i) State, (ii) Process, and (iii) Cycle.
 26. Explain briefly Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

27. What is a quasi-static process?

28. A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into the refrigerator so that it will cool.
Would you model the can of soft drink as a closed system or as an open system? Explain.

29. In what kind of pot will a given volume of water boil at a higher temperature: a tall and
narrow one or a short and wide one? Explain

30. A rigid tank with a volume of 2.5 m3 contains 15 kg of saturated liquid–vapor mixture of
water at 75°C. Now the water is slowly heated. Determine the temperature at which the liquid in the
tank is completely vaporized. Also, show the process on a T-v diagram with respect to saturation
lines.

31. A rigid vessel of volume 0.86 m3contains 1 kg of steam at a pressure of 2bar. Evaluate the
specific volume, temperature, dryness fraction, internal energy, and enthalpy of steam.

32. Ten kg of water at 45°C is heated at a constant pressure of 10 bars until it becomes
superheated vapour at 300°C. Find the change in volume, enthalpy, and internal energy.

33. Four kg of water is placed in an enclosed volume of 1m3 Heat is added until the
temperature is 150°C. Find (a) the pressure, (b) the mass of vapor, and (c) the volume of the vapor.

34. Determine the missing properties and the phase descriptions using R-134a in the table
below.

35. A 9-m3container is filled with 300 kg of R-134a at 100C. What is the specific enthalpy of
the R-134a in the container?
36. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 1.4-kg saturated liquid water at 2000C. Now
heat is transferred to the water until the volume quadruples and the cylinder contains
saturated vapor only. Determine
(a) The volume of the tank,
(b) The final temperature and pressure, and
(c) The internal energy change of the water.

37. A piston–cylinder device contains 0.6 kg of steam at 2008C and 0.5 MPa. Steam is
cooled at constant pressure until one-half of the mass condenses.
(a) Show the process on a T-v diagram.
(b) Find the final temperature.
(c) Determine the volume change.
38. A piston-cylinder device initially contains 50 L of liquid water at 408C and 200 kPa.
Heat is transferred to the water at constant pressure until the entire liquid is vaporized.
(a) What is the mass of the water?
(b) What is the final temperature?
39. Complete this table for refrigerant- 134

40. Complete this table for H2O;

41. The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the temperature of the air in the tire.
When the air temperature is 25°C, the pressure gage reads 210 kPa. If the volume of the
tire is 0.025 m3, determine the pressure rise in the tire when the air temperature in the
tire rises to 50°C. Also, determine the amount of air that must be bled off to restore
pressure to its original value at this temperature. Assume the atmospheric pressure is 100
3
kPa. The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kPa.m /kg.K