Science and Technology - Final

SHORT NOTES FOR SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY SECTION OF UPSC

(ONE STOP SOLUTION)
This document will help you revise Science and
Technology comprehensively in the last time
TOPICS COVERED
1.ENERGY
2.BIOTECHNOLOGY
3.HEALTH
4.SPACE TECHNOLOGY
PLEASE SHARE IT TO
5.DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY HELP MORE
ASPIRANTS
6.PARTICLE PHYSICS
7.ICT
8.NANOTECHNOLOGY
9.AI
10.ROBOTICS
11.IPR&RELATED RIGHTS
12.MISCELLANEOUS
NOTE – THESE ARE MADE KEEPING IN MIND ONLY PRELIMS AND NOT MAINS.
AB YE TO KAM SE KAM PADH LIJIYEGA ENVIRONMENT KE LIYE
PLEASE SHARE THE DOCUMENT TO HELP FELLOW ASPIRANTS
This is prepared by our team for you.
ALL THE SHORT NOTES OF MONTHLY CURRENT AFFAIRS WILL BE AVAILABLE

FREE ON OUR TELEGRAM CHANNEL – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH
JOIN ME IN TELEGRAM – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH
FOR FREE CSAT VIDEOS – JOIN YOUTUBE – CIVIL SERVICES WITH NEELESH
Regards,
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
ALL INDIA RANK 442
UPSC CSE 2021

Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants
Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for such notes
For free CSAT Videos – Join Youtube – CIVIL SERVICES WITH NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
ALL INDIA RANK 442 UPSC CSE 2021
--
q:io..v�mete.vs '1- sbAd)') _ �oJ c.o�wch·dh-
----,--tl---.....l...-----------l--t.irkft-ir----7""" -----__:'-�U-u...l'.\�
0/U)
- m�nol , Q.#..ano I�
i-��ermill-----=-;;��.-----------t-----1��1 l� (,=e-1.,) ,,
�et,:w,� 1ti� "I- le.tie (01')()
c.e.bne n o.
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
100DCT far
� fr, OCul.CA ni
-o�oo+tRCOT -H'\1&111
• 4Yeen -fuel ...
lN4- CtM1 ed
·-·
Yl'\�e
l·
90.1
��
1erw.J
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
Qff\
cflAY"Obl I ➔ i II
loeu,n,e cheo
� � �t-,��--c=====��::::::::=�------
.-Solo., ,q,'.y �e,.i
• Solo¥ <- Cq"-' �r,
�'t--�t---=-=-=--��-....:_:_=-�1+---__:__--'---
-��rP�
� !nlA' (!tl)
Why?
i�" -rJ (�•�-»�)

L---=� ��- -i.ni��w------ ----t- --- ----t- --��h�
l. ttU-, flt lo' U£U�
= -100�
�o,uo MW "f ULI;:,...
:J N&.1,� .h,(111., \"Ao,-i«lo
IMl<M""'
� Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
,. � _. tApputayu A., lowe.Y layw

co-Nliti'ori ➔ «,'cuin wAtt¥ .&how.I
hClW diffett.n":1.@ �+
�o•c..
• ., I v
, .T
:2.oll. ft.
J.. M10,,"'·N �t-\ �
.' -
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
m liv,'r,9 bein.9r
ftol!t-tOI • .+-f\'\1no�
Co
- fl,e.sc arii c:Hnzc• souru rl

e:11e
� � oo) ' a.er) ., � .sug.rc�n•,
- a io, .. i,,o,i,
�u ;:sw ... CAno\. Mk )'
,p.,},..,1--
--
:,
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
f,ni
I
��o-fv.eJ pj, ,.,,. lo11
._. f-111,n-t- - -��<.l<llf ,fw1'11'\•••
IIW' �¥.t-
· 'm'".'-' le11w,;c
C4e.ctr 1oao
fc.h,1 : l:fflotto I r'A"h �� s11o..tl sia.,c,, �-illScA:fic.r -t-�

(��OY\ )
Ntr.u
�o i: 10i:
!!lo
enw�y
JIU.�.
'-"'IMlfl'lkGIAV "'l'mll1'7 k�,.CA•
.. 1H
L .
rr --
'
•
,"'� -t�u.t-
(#v-s'-n 'blw,o
� .fusi.-i I
_,. ..-.�• "••· L
�
�
10'/_ 2.0,% ( � --'U) -e.tfia11ol :J.0)
,
..-a..a .._._L
0-ie&et : AV"ttt-,t.a,-1 �U!I qpvn"'cttt ll"'EQ.J

jl,!11<-l\tr�):
'
Si":
8111d1't.Se,1
.
,.
-
- &eti ..l.b' - re.ol.\c.i "�
I
�·1.1,,'er,. Fv..s.um
....,
oil imf'O"h
0 ws u,uo.v
' i£) ...,de, Ult-t'Ol'Y
ii) t'-' tt1AcJtAr wa.tl::t....
ti.) �IAdU.; w�k.
I f
�i)� �'-
• J
;.;.) u,ic.�11f'i,,lo,.�I� .....

) •• �-1,..")
I. I
.a.c.su.1 l.6��1IJ.:•· -
':It NIA� �n_e(?1\V -
I 1 ..
' ,,, N.:U\4r� - LJ , ,,, .. Nt\cJeAv tl'!erer, �O.rnMe-
., 1 ....
., kv sf'. lw;l;,. -
Pu-,•� -, Pl kh-'1jutt-\ (Pu.)
I
,-
,-·�••/IIY ..........
_,
0
-1> , � H�i 'Ji:'h�neir 8'iiJ�liot
I
I
l-J� --t.
'L,, .. -
/' I J (011mic. �/,,,<tU/mus 110.) (If""'"'"'') - Y,�:�9-�
•·1 •r .t�--e., � MOt:f (J

,ell)J
e,r-o.tt,.,J-,
,,�-�,· .-
D2.-0 Htg.vy "'�)
• C. - •
� �Ou;tl\t-
I
11 � t<��--+ P�,w� ( ��)

{,th,. ,.. /, " I ••• ...J .,_
CP."'•"-'�
-�
r .. ·-. '=- ·'•- -..... . �-
\fl(ret.,r,e
- ' , :,ru:,o,,1tO'W\
'nu..lnfl
. /,_ n,\�I .
n
P..�·
- "1�
, D_'2.3'1 " .-
.
• - ...• A,.Afltl'l,/- vzurdA,
�• -t- . '; !..qlM'• �oc:ft "'"" (N,.)
. - diF-f- c..tt,'mi'c.. ,\-1'
ii,_' -l�e_�
� -l
a..t-e-n,l't. •no mac, co.

.r.o..wv..,
"-� r }�
I .
t"--"'-Uw
,. l)
U$
'r
I vU q,,_
.
q,._
.(J�.9
/fl,\e)
Tfu:r,.;Ul"i\
3rl.s��.��--t"fi¥ ,w� u-_,�,u;j

, 11 l\c. '°
v�
'l. 4 � G'. _ .•..... :.(82.. £� ... _. ·- •.. 119
3
..
l," 0 "' �t\�
h!,.cbv -oi::::: -,a._..LJ
eA�entr" h"v�
..-
/)10$� � +tie
11
. � fuel
-:--
' "'4 e-1 • . 1 ��L {,..a.I
1..1t,i., lilia. ·'
1 r u ..... r1·tm I'eY)�
Jol4:>c!(04c,I\�
1
1111'1 1111,iti,'" tt-t1Vfti ./ ) �,utM�

Vrt��.!�
�r>t �
.
�c :,li �mon,l'f'\e .s:""")
\: ',�b:. � .C.:•.�'1 • .L
-Po➔ /fll:l;r, ·- �� SltU. 1'itd\b1tna-- u,�-�:��/
. l'w.ueo.r I"\�S:IOV\
le," �iH �
-
,�� 8r=Jc.clo"'" 41- I.Ar9... s,-ad c>¼, m In"' cie.i
�4JJeN" s;-{..c.o <1ttir-,/r1w.w
r
L au -, .•��
<la. V ., � .,...,.ti T ...�- - - ."f - ..
o,0.·1-n 6·11-'' o-6o�lt

t
-� r..�c...r
-· .
f .,
. -1.; .. ..
:,''
-
i�dl'Vl'1
�/ri ..,J.ai -- \•-·
ene.er, ti utn'c.\j ,. .
�1 •",H•r:i..no-�-tt- �,icJln� J1.-�/". J. �"' � ""'
", 9o:! -� \•If\•

. NiAUU, u v2v � r111j r,;i,i, !,fJ..,dr #o
,v, 0 "'"' 6,m&.
I (BaMM"'\) (�I"-") r�
t1�71._nui.., • 8" ➔ �-n4--hu..l.,La-ne;,�
11,,,._
. "� () s, '!>• • /"'
I
""'�Ai ��
Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in
telegram) for such notes
For free CSAT Videos – Join Youtube – CIVIL SERVICES WITH
NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
- f'IW"Orn'un, (cterlvuf element)
.Slows�
.I
ihori rri
- etlUlr\ IS �
�bu.ttdani:l nerint--
- Thortt.1n-i r'.l �
- pyo ows � at,iouti

<!1-- n1.1dwr wrute-
�
U't. 11 - -,,, -+�y
v-t.�• - 311 -i"�
Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for
such notes
. ,' For free CSAT Videos – Join Youtube – CIVIL SERVICES WITH NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
'&,0 ,... f't -IS_ �. wwta IM.cL..

97
~ � J.fldi�
•'2 nucJtaY e.11
n lOIAFl�l.o �
- l�r� -1'-� 4 � eJe..cm'd

- 1 '
rt..u\M-t...
' • �I •
-. In. l�d1'01 •Nwl�r Yitian .l02.o - �o,ooo MW� NtidtAY &I

, . ,•
.·' . :• &c.). ·4S
•
lJ (M\JAW,
, I
!)
ncswie �PtH41e (1 1
, 3-IQt
�I '
C,H,le,,_y e�urd,
\co.I �WI (:'rl"t\)
- Prrto:n,re.- :fust �rt.tsiv �clw.

'·'
I
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
--
"f➔ lf "j..,._
Jr'� .(w'd,.,l -lo {),:plom«:1G!f �
�w.
.,. t,\tAlLQM
it��
l �
➔
.;;i_.,➔ -t z l\atlon - .lu..'.lul � ,',u+..U "ITEl°< ,till 2.t!>r Nuc.tear
® ,@
�,.--
11\t: ... !ff NPT -•� -1.r ii�
lo ml drop �.a.LfilizliH.•cl '
tQ��t..,. a, Q'I QC,U'Ont1,.,,0Ui a&,.;,J /,1l,i i;.., ,,,.'"'-L
¥�"'- I( 11,,i, '""''� �
fnbtufl6�_,t 111�.94,,.Jci) ff4onibU'>'"" [nucJ..,, Wfl>�on sltittc
�'"' -��c-<-�
�,.,fllt. ..
'"�--.�
o,;.._ ... ul\ 3
1"�
. r A�A �'nv<Jtor
w<>tti>d09"
••b�iti� b •Mtnli..-
al!r�Wfio «u
nlAc.lea�i,,,eo.pont ��
• ..,,__1q,'h-.f\\<c0;�,
!1.! -�.IL!',fvan"-,@!!.•J
·Ill\ ii.,.•o. ,.w>I••�
� J� •
--- j"t"
lluU,,....,�i"'l e
llow d..4
<'1\1.. c,f-�u,, il" .2\!._T
�j!,neallh.d � u,vn\l<)-:it
·•�Po•+< to v1<t,,1 /�c
.,.,w1,·-i ,,...,,.,
f,,,�.,j ,_ ]Am;
II
-�II�-?.� ,N�� I
it\� A.M:\�� \M
'"atf-up-4 1-10-111n !C
�k,-�
I
-C:..� (Mcot(..1S111n"C) l.c,r.,rcJ(no

�1.o ·pu.r .!c....,r., I
-n ,,..""'
J,
�tnrt, WW!j ,ohc. £� (tfl',_)

-
!I Qqts)
�t,;- fol<hm11Wt
{ml)
'--...0 �
�......,. fuindt4�
e,l\.04' <!Qr,,u I
•p�I..Sr,,jling �ud�h"
�I Leitf'"""mel!tw w/o s(�"'-' IJPT , .,.,1,.
'9'i,,.-a,n<ll,,dirci Tol<o.m"'-"']
9TG1V'<m1.ACQ
I?'IJ.til,J«<:I n1Ad...,,.. .:1....- tto,n•II�
�
• (o.naJo I
'"(Mf,CJai -SlAl'I ,.p<--1'mart)
I
. us
�l ,Vt' l -,..:.J.,.,r�
-�
7,fu'r,,,,,J �..y(l,,t.1t>
-
• ,Joll''I <I' l).nr'1111
-<(!:! �➔ e,inrt17 :1t1c1,..., 1:l'I"""' r"9""'" �;. ""

fo1'11"' fw
c,w•-t,,'U , J� . , �-r.�
1wil'•
.c.I '
Ia,,�. . ....-� AAl"'IA'ti'kA
" Bh..thA �ic �� (e,.,«c < , 1
co,'t.1
1
i.A,1
�'4c,.1
�'-..:rin:- rh,,.,,.�
3,vu•"'"'
•
"�J p,.1of<"""'"'·
SI
/ c.""""" ,1.o.u
"" .,. •
,·��. '.'"'1a. !Ii"'""'

'
lh,l,. " "' "'1
, ,....,
I -
,�l><t"-P!-..,.,-"-�l:Al'Ch----CO.,� �- ,m11, 11
lND'l" IS Nt '< l'o\e,.,W,
· c��
"4-� ,�)
�d.i'lt', i•""""ak ._ sq� • r¥1,t.rr,b« uu� tru, ... •.MJ\M.·.,, ..,�t-
lh<!1'o,, eto.d;,,,) riu<J.,,, W"l•I� . � ...X.
N'�k nal'>I( ,�
c.JII� t>teUJ:' •\\'<•WI' f,;i' i,-111, � ..,. \t'li,,
- - -el� ,
\lfdd".,..
��, " ••c.1 ...,"'""""'(& 't •iffw<- Nk<.W
�...., '
1t1.AIA '� ""1illi...,_,�ur
¥ >rot ,_..
•d.1M� ,;,'ia,n f'"'
I . le-· CTC41 ilil1tj?
° """
4.1
• ,.f½<, i,9 I • l'I• Nut!,., Nil�

"1-)t:
' ' I
- ,-..~__._,._
\�
_..,.,.e-4-·�
�:�
N!&c,.
· No fir<+ ..,,,. �•I•�

--
-
• 1..i.;,. " .. "'"""e, 'I-:!"""Y
�-�""· ...,.J+re.,.t;c. I
I --
·IOJ•ss•-z:<N"-
M, ...i...:r...r.....c...,-L�in.L
-....,.1,o.1;.. �
l'l�=-
II
c: ,.,....., le.wt� wu.11.t,,,'u (us,u.".A..)
'I
- i°�t�d..aJo
� � Nt3 <o'l'\.flllrlli"". I
I
-
=�,.,..f ' (\_ ��:-'-

i..M .
N,t • ....,.,.-1,..- 4 � �� 1,,1,ptt,I �y UtJC,�
-� MTcr "i;;!U C1'1i�
,........
�ot(.
1.�,., • It �..., (qM<. �c,. II -1-ia.W'

-<i«)
e-�olc-) €' � •p<;:tc.

lA
....J...,.-. NJ>T _i +.a , ...

�1 IM�- t d(.i ,ipt ijg if"
H�Cf
uK. ly H
;;c:1.
t�• �•p tou•ry
,7'<wf:!t
-&L
��...,
f li• �w )
u, .. �•
(•�•tl 1-.t
JI
...
--- �lnJ.:..
(AnQ.dQ
''::',,.:tJL:
•�"'•-.)< - .., S'oo1c., .;:::--�
�ca"'-.,. U.V
(."11'1'1,
�u..J . ..u,,�I( t-,lot't'\ )c.aru,

j""t "'' ••t-:-
•-.11,)
a:.a.iitwr1,
- -r-,n1< - "l-toJ.y ,!,. ,., �...,,,,, .,,,
r•hriu.1 � �
�- "'"""'�U' --• "'" '�·--";
�, .., ,,.. )�
.1..,i� 'll'Uli'-.·;, t""f''t »•-
�" \•��;"a..o-,••� � - S"-o�< v --''"'"' / ii
c.i.,;\ vs,6,,,.M
ll�\
VV1>-Y,�V """ii\,.,........
v.,....1111� patlo,r,x�,�' (;r . '-'•-""'- c--4-<=... <�
3"'"
,+it.I'!"' ·� ir:....,;. .,,,1

"'"'"-dw✓"-- �.:;'"
....�...9 ,..... � ,....,..•., M
-·,1,...�-�
t, P�':"te-p,.ft� (,,;.:.,
'I- "'"'!'" ... VAIi' �IL- . ...'"' ,- � "0"-"*'J n-1 ( eo ""�
-
..,_
r -.1,.vic. s•• � C,w
�)
�r-, (::;;' '?......,... ,.
MA�
--
•�~•- � )lk'ff_t#So•I<- 111/r,iL., 1�) u....t,-111t-/ll ,�.. 1➔�•�" )1 l'!l..t,�q.s,,n

�tl' j,1,-
� CD. --
.,,
........... ;.
c;as1·cs <rt e,·otecnnolog
(@D- &lsic unit � lt'fe - all arqanisf1i' a�

rwae up at- C2tlf.
le. a:-1 I is Ctl{> a.b le. ...1
"T
- .sing
1n:epo.ndeflt- 11111'�.
, �as "' n1,1cJe.us, cc2.ll rrembrane ,r:y�plrum
&
�II 6Yganell� c.dJ mert1brane
rt1fbdl0fldn'� (�t,o,ue)
��
__:&,wm:ISll'lle
p,NA' tra�sc�·ipti·an, � �r+A -tmr2.do..han >fhtein

(.er,troJ do9m0i (0ec.ep'li'cn :- via1.lS<!:S)
� Wf>9 'ft> moJc:4. RN�?� -p�fn__g rs ea�ier
➔ t,,
,
ee,-- @
accass +o "J.nfo
DNA ��
• I
111 ,_r ,1 ,1,
_J- -
.s1ri91Q. mn1
Ju.bkfra no
"Wfl3to moJ:4 fu>tein .'>
_ : _t,, -ft>� <?J_123/mes- fur- -sellc.tla r ·ftme,+i·�
. .
u�
o.te -a'X ',
"'
- ($1,t�{ ��
ell e,:
�bu.t"°taJ..I �ll1es area prote:i28rs.
alJ �'Yfl te.i_ns re, e.ti mes
[Vi��, -B��-lfne b/w r,'vi'nB 8J_ nan ·livi�

J.
· . - HoW ? -
�s t>NA-/�N_Pt J'nd pr,it�(n b.� �
tiot hove· ttlluJal5 mach1no�
4 .:: ,i· llJn m\ly rer,rodac.a, insrde. host c.ell
by mtQ9r'2lf\'n..9 tts gerie.t;c mat�.
I
,
lnfS\
�
•(0l- �-+ Pe�t re�istont

�genes � (,Yj Ire,, CryTI 1'<. 1 C!3J-" �
� Ohly A--m cn-p to be pe,m1iited ft> 91'tlW" in
Jndr'o C1t -ttie ,rnrm�t. . _
•!�- Mustard]- DMH i1.. ( Dha�93ro)
4 H�'cite "{!>la-ant (net pesh'cid,Q. t-oletant)
4Jt WZ1S �ra:i.1!2d o/ USi� "9amO.-Ie./ 6a11:1tor
ted-mol 09,.>' iJr 901eht mob-i'f,·Q:U'/·<m oy ab�i �
�eoos f)-6,n, -the soil ba� um that' m�
· . 1 rnu�crd �f �llihoJi·n.9 pl�nt. _ .
Jt ooo ptmiidtld frrr OMc pollmo..tl'011 .and
hyb-�icU�ati'an .

Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH
NEELESH (in telegram) for such notes
For free CSAT Videos – Join Youtube – CIVIL
SERVICES WITH NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
. '
J
�-� e>-ltechnologt}
� NJimaJ d�in.9 ➔ -tt>m.19h sG"mat\c (ell

Nu cleo&- in:ms =tecli rn
dtm i n3 Fnn, sinele- pa rent
� �: 1,4 � �r<�prooudive
11 clo-ni�)
.., ,t2cen� � � cb-ned ,1-vdk Wolf

• 1hexieet.ehc c.lo·nin.9 - heaJttiy ,eph'co. 4
uman � - �an transflarit
- COhC.e!'
-a�i�
•:tnduclicm 4
__
yes Nb
_____
.lmmt1Ml�thll
mem�.
_.__ _._
[1�p�J(DUve. cutenuoJed-� twm Gt-ge?ltm

�t6n_91astf� tmmune respame
� Mr'1R (�,Murn�,gw,ell�)
,•n c1lJ lrnrnan.r y,el!O!AI r:eva, c.hl'd::enp,� ,�oltpd)l a,.
g�.gy. DNA IS ..Cdllle.
(�cdJ<. DNA) (2) !naclivated - killed ,&Jed'm�,.... ,mrn1.1n�e.ne.!i±9 is
O•O ·= llite. bNA- lcnu e.w
!f Heparrti� �, flu, �lio eh.
\.' 4,
�o Elto£fu' Pu.le nw
-----J a;
�.......-.......
lile 1'1IIC'rb (s> su,bun,·t vaccine -in�· pu.rnpeo Aotij�
!!9
(ti> etmlu9a.te. vacdne - ™K � �.J. e1;m· en
v . � �
6) Rl.etmib1nant. Vectrrr vatdne
-gen�'c mod;ptaNm af Vilfl).s .rs �'o.
LJ." "3 them � a ve-c.hJY .
ana
(e.) n,RNA; vacdn e. - t'Yl�nger RNA- fS
del1Ve15'2Cf to .ff\e. bo�. 951- �-
(t) trth�-f:Yper ba.sea an admin,'.sfrati�
Jnoo m 4Uu.1 ar, j/)�� ) .s_Ub � ne.trtil...
Naso..! , 6-r�
rJi•li''-'
\u,Yld� H� vaccin�]
• C.t1vish�'el d_ � vr'.,:oJ vedrlY v�
ne
t l ., I• I I •
eci Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants

• Sptulltk _J ; . ·.' · , •. Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for such notes
. ;.va�i.-r> · -_;..;J,: ,��u,vateo v,raJ. 'ill cdne

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
•· ,Pfi:� Imo �m1a --r. r:n RN�· vacdrie

t • I I , ' •
• ?)'cov-f) __., DNA '1�C.�!'�,f .

"'.vo.ro�_e. vJ/o (��y�m). \ '��'c1rl
. '
.. •• I , i , I
' ' - , . ·-
�=�
• yniveis-l$0J JmmllVJt'�-� pro3ran1me _
_.
-UN�S ·1,._ :,acci'oe, �reyentpbJe. dfs,e�·.. 1
�ol��z�·.· . t!R �-}f

. . , . .. I , '
1;� 1
I •
1
l:j • • • •
i
f' t -,
H��e
-..,,.. ., .-,.,mum�, B�wne
. , � r • H�tmar,hll(cu
l'I� A,t.beJlll
. T�nlil . ,. . . inff(.(en� type.e
Patusts •.. , · · · . , , ·
. :. fl\e!etl<?ii-
n e oJ
., .� '. . l ffl .� �� ,ti>
• mis.dcro '!Indradhanu.sti · ➔ pre.wits t va�·ne :, ,,
· �..., ..., . .. �!":'-b� dii-� �-- •
. 1 ... ,•,� l ... I
• I :
-Mvantttges - .�se d0gno.sfs, Q.volu.nan, "'
m.am nutn·ents
J,
micro mlt.rients
. v��·atiClll �d ie.s , �e -fhu-apy_, �reqwreo in utY�q_�n�
.., Ca�oh_ydraus ➔ cne¥9
· · · ·"' iro..J di·�,, �t,alSYY)a�eneh'u
J
I N�led0:J. \�cal I5is��f -#
· 'rf- muscle.
�ein:, buildin9 blcc.k
-ate (CmmuoicC{.b/e dfse�� 'in �-cal "'fa.ts ➔ srnroee

cau ntri<2s that do not get et>Du9h o.fren'h'.m 6f-- �
ct rid ft.md, n.g . ..
- I.nd1'a -� Wbrld!s la�est bu�dm, crl
r �caJ d1sea.s� (NTD�)
N�lected
froJ:tlo��ic d,�e.aies]·. · · · \ Hepo:ti·c�1,·vu • ttepoiiti"
-
(lmP) -;Viml olts�
Patlio · 9M . . sviws (loacftlia, l'mt>

lll•, ® ©L -- @� ®
T rahY ' fu ri31 (lb e4:-ttt�. ' "
-- ' el•o�
'
SOLl�lt- Ftte6" · FtctJ-
rs.w.s� gme
d-.-r . .. . . . DP' sr�a deJJiv&I �
t.e y Au.las
· t'ir�s � transm i s?l� - '
Pot.de 4 fcto5tll.{ (; turc.ulclneeiu •prarmuc.oS4.I,, ftco orOI)
� Fe.co- oroJ � _ �l�t based ., . '
- -t,llnstnis{.
-01000/ s.taUm/��ua.J•, � !nffi�� p_retenti,;

�:r ., '/� lu. '
T toJ. � e,ob� w� .
· �
· nsmi�\<m { oea,..Jll.l•�� ch1t111r'e 1'10 1111
. .i.�· .,
(M� � c'1ilc3)
' .
' . ' '1/0 tcinoJ,01 �(£/II �1CC£t1� ®VQa@

-�·�
- zw-notic fvf-vQllh'�. � st- i-t,�· . No . ll)!W,(1/1�� $0.k
bt�dks ..
I,
·cm d'11nl::t�
- W�nd • VfraJ d ,·s�ases ,. 1'Stlf'
- rn1111un · · Vaco·r,e �
''
.. PfSWSQ. !..\f M ptl,tm/ · -ti-dnsm,'sslqn
i
· vacd nat\aYl '" '
UlUSo.tl've �"' I. &rgQn · aff«tW .,
•�flOenlt\ RNA V'� • af(ectr ,espi� o�tet 1nrectian Ava.ila.hie - c.cn-rkmH_y
(ode.no �rus) devel� dCAe..-f:o
pas.ro.9e. . . . m tc.tatlom . .
' • t0mmon c.,,to �hino viJtAS) ·«!l�ct reipi� Dnrple.t bated fflZLil�ble.- �lu �hots
·Rt-\�- virus·,_ pa�o,ge.
- f�-e.ve� va_cc.ine :,
PYl,f'let �ed
1
•.sn,aJJPo/i � ' � N.1\- \I) 61.H . skr'n · (.s/<0.11iri9->:) eawant �onea-,

. ' '
. �· �. �' Uve atten� vacc.int,
' '
' '.
. -transrn is-Si 61') . ' ' '

ncrwL not �cte.d .
•Ghtckatle� .....v,·�. � ·'
. Bhst€2S1·� sb'n air- oome d ,-, r� I i lie a.tfenua..ted. ( LA V)
rqsh .· .. '1i6V.S. '/Qcdne .
'
' - .
'
�pifWl!1_Y _f'!lSSOje d�l�� LAV
• f'1.um£5; RNA Virus
·-
•
- ' \ I• I .' • (Dmbim,.. '
•M�'-e(. �NA V-irt.A� u,mgs ., -then.-, :. d�lets:6�ed : ►
M MR \'acci�
. :. sprea4 to .s�in t....A-V I
fa-ro..U th� .
.. •
�-��
"
. d. ,� d�let! w�,;
'
• Ru,be,\fQ �N1 Vl'3\AS ,,

1Jr./. .l
��mph...no
I
:--{�ail· rile�
-
e.r
'
.r
., .,, ' ,. ,J I
• Pollo· e.m mlst OY\ �.:�.po1_10 Vc3ct(ne C°l") ·

'
RNA· virus .N�'IO'tA1 �yst :-:• ,f-eco onil -ffons i

. . '
' � .. ' ' '
l�ds � rx1�t�i� 7'"�o� Gt .LJIOttll"t\iMtt'on �-' -JPV- lnreckl.bl2 t,,.V
WlltQ{ � hggtne ·l. lclllu w-h'III.S
-i�� • 1 •• •
-� ••
R�A '(\°lS'll.S w'nllo re.vu 1 10-k( vec.triY bQSer:i :- • . . •\

' I I.AV
. . .. fa1ztJ he'.x !St , Ii 1ttY · A-des mosgu.itfl
: .. ·.4 .
�anev (.Ofld,t :.tl'am :
�r�
• Aros.;· �i�s (RNA) de.b� immune �udl in�COUt!.e_., blM01
NON€"
· '(a.tsn'cal �nsmf.>tfan.
--
-
- (H:tV)
� .et,ofa·. . ..
c'7oto. Vi�
,
chi'!ls,,de�d raJi•191.,, �nrrll;cd� a>-.d
� 1a:felr IMtt> con-tnlt �.
-
No-t-111
.. �maJeJij., � \Nith d�. '
·�NA \I\� mtl� ifrnesr-, vec.tovbite :- � 'NttN�'

-�t:ia det19U'!. I r'ke. � � ..
. ."tv m r.>trmis Stmeh'm6 -.cexuaJ t �..)) I •
• 'RD�Vf�� NA- vt�t.U

�'orrhoea, feco dmJ. '/.§ � re(en-tt_y d�eJorG
' . ' g�tro4��t\nct) -tra:nsn1 t�!l'on..
',
[��c,e., 1«.hnot-09y]
'
-«Li hr.s �e.· �wrfujib'n

--wut w �cut
fellow aspirants
Please share these notes to help
me in teleg ram – UPS C PRE LIMS WITH
Join
NEELESH (in teleg ram )
For free CSAT Videos – Join
for such notes
Youtube – CIVIL E:o.st b we.at
SERVICES WITH NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
CSE 2021
ALL INDIA RANK 442 UPSC
� \A.Jtl_y �eJlite �o riot fruA doimi -ti>· �,tt,'.>.su!tt? 3,ti) ·.

fe ➔ i> SVI � , Lf .s:tD..�es-
I
. � due f1> 01tit4J · ��
It lnr �u �,wi' a� 1 �p�\ll� �-L-S-L.
', � cU,,ta_ntt--> -�L. I

:. t>'IO)(. m,f,jmJ lf1 f:lr,,., -
{.oL,V H · > >�
p- L- ��e11,c,
\
£� �
..I
4.SW
r
+
. .., Ho and , - me>.stl.9. lfa� l2t;rn.TT1-1 l� ,d,'d riot l"Mdc. i+ •

t1 J..$ '
\(,e)I
.•
. wii,ds ( v-, \Q . ti� ·A..
• !SRO ➔ .>cmM 'c.t TP

ulc:ince. , , �. Leu furbularice (�I') (tr.cltrwit,iy ��rr,o,uihah'Qooo)
- � ff_; Ji!.·t I wl-iete - � A� �I\ 02. Is

11: t: . /U,U,, '. ,
B� +-tiirt.l ��e (� -bi� c:f 1�.el\t.

. .
e.rnp �a,eo
fl"tl!XnllO
•�nic
A '
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
• I .
Q.{() PrestriCL � Wo.tRr � nicnm's .1tt�� deted-eo

(s'.v) lro� tie.or)' m·, nemJ ro11ene
C!i) i,-. ea,1�, mi�on o,,.ly cr-«.tur WU"e.dete� ,CIAI'
miss,cn, Qlsl,- · uni out ""'
Cl.
(.,i) pidl.4 re.i: fnrM 100 �� V' {Ylni me11 uw�
. tZAv\it.t' niim•CM.C... .too �
• VSA -
. ,.
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
r��ce �wr�
Q WI it.ti&I.
L\' f-1�1IL M'\
11AIICU'., $� �
...f'�J'
.. . .:M>o&.d"
_,,. . t
11i.._, wti!s -n to.lld m1

Sewt,Ma:t
: lrtd(a�·3vbfwi(lr Mf�ia'fl
I • •
✓ --JL--------,----------=-----------
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
- J:13nm � C£ c.ammeKCQ.., � ono

_ Mot,'vo-h!m cNf- -ii in�st more- iri a� W!Qi�
I.
I
-� cu "aut,,-,,lMdrari P,lotr (,�4ffov S-t"c:tay�· Phy,c�U11,Si'o,&wpe1Ee1 •�merib-

�---.-----y---=��:--,;-------,-------:::---.---:n:�-·l\.J':!
• it1=4'""u'T____--;_-t��9\VI·•��M�l'l.,.Cf
i �--
' · "- c«owtti � t>w 4 cYgQni�rn.s
- p� wec9�t <.O fyntie

Md-+----..hlpa-lmv,b/4 lo.bu�rlnf..""d;...rx:i �.------
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
. .
· ·
lit.. ll� R_at19i ,ig)
----------
-"7-:�§.,...��---:---:-:---:----- -.,-----�;::;::::::::----1r--------+-
✓
�14-
- �"�::..._u---"�:__--><r=-'-=��'-'--------,.'"\--,.,,'--J�---- ------till-l(u,,eft
✓ ...
Stt�c� jtUZ;{llieJ ,p,,a,i.
i-UJ,U�&\�
.,, '2,1,f'll'flf,
1,r(Al .
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
0 0 0 0
,.. • .
y fli,.h) hJ- V;cii,11.. ,N�""°"':,'. '
p�� ,m1Ssid),' h O'IClr$ ''o.(tv,�·,., /.
if VM'm•ni ' d�· R,onylJoll)
.......--..:�, . . . -·· \ondu
-=-----1��LOlll�E.ll....;;--;-;-- --;-:��__,f,--'- --t----:--_....
--:--
- p�·� ma,� -�v�,-+ �c,-..te.,
- tt1�'fx_ 9oo.1 a{- M,t. -�t.u,rwn'nt. _lat101°'9 .t\�� KAIJfQ.1,,1�

,� � waJ.9.
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
..· __ .wart:l'lj
·�· -• �.;,
\r< .•, I •
,• I:,_� � MISStdll- it t.S o �

,
- pt"Q.SL'1� I/ avt11ti"_9 StO'I :fl'OWI 1 56 �YI � , '· t ·

•
,I!
o/'11\f' .1.otl - :lOIS"
croft- -
i" news
(\ .
,.L.
� #,�+-
� C6 � �eui lo.st- � .s (a.
kl, 2.020 flu:4.le.r-at"'/ �nnec.h� , i1,-.rb1.1 lanaa � "cl EecJ,ooy t\Olm itG
CM ( S'o LO SA -t NAS'A) � n on z: .S1At"
- NA-.s.A will lane:! ,� Wl>r>'IU'l J. next man -to 0100n il'I 1414
radio.ti� hitr ·c11,1t n,(,k� moon (where ��Ctn,

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
- cYah� � cartif{c.iQj �O"h1 -ttioJ- W\1� �e, bvi,9ht

Q • � in
·. i 1 ·
I• II
.'c•
. ► r. ; . ··•-. ...... ,-
- . .. I·
.,
.· ii ,.r. ' ·.'
I:
I • ., ,
I,
• I • ,I, t ·, J , • ,.,.. I
• I
0 "'\, Owl ,1 t
._ .. ., • I
I I ·' '
,, .
.1
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
,.rtw:f
.s s
!?,�(.��
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
• AQrii 011$1le.
, i 31 �
,��
s vers� .SlAcce ��bu}
f,.yfoo.a
Dlt.l ��------
e,.iarkUd
(le" -(�)
Ag�i t
11b0 :Joo- 'f'l.ro >t'�t.- Sol 1•� ----
==-
2S00-m,o
-
1.0-1,00
'
,,, Ill • ti lUO - 2,tl)O • • ;m oo
o -.n �-Soli-�
�i1i soo -1000 lo,o,/p,o Two- So!1
1,t1)0
...-sno-aooo T�tU-Seh'
1000 '°°o-ioeo
-
Tk\'tA..- S,l,•4
--------,=i=---==.:..:.::....::..:..:..::=::..:....:::...,--,,-2.ID��-i�4---fW'HM+t,e..,, �cm :, (e+�tt, -s:,.�

��F--'---'
n:i
ri,9 e.
--.;:,-
�----
YOUrld 2.-.r r,,,o.c.OJ
·�
_ f,'.-e, �I O � cfecel�cti .
D
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
• kltib - (�c ui're� mm
med->anisM.. ..
' ' I ,, t
j
-lt-is a sup.e:rson,c.. . 1-;-S_Mo o-w�e. m,s.s, e

.,m, \Qt1a,a1r-
' cmrr
,. ,,sb,p cu
'_._....
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
:��=================::::::::::::
ALL INDIA RANK 442 UPSC CSE 2021 ' i
!Ac.It.car test - I� n-,
lrt re-.tpon.te -t, amn'

s r apari impose -t
nl.4cJeor &Yictl'0'>1£ � 'lt\.Jr'A.
----. . ... � • Nr..c-leor -ca ble aircro. r

�d,'o c�tt� 1.; 9enemf1'0>1 jet: -f19hte.u rm 'ttl
-----jjr------------�-��l-\�l-\,01U-it� AIAc.J�Y: VJ�6','\-& l (OUf �)

�� i:..,
�� ""' Swc:.hoi Su .30 M t::l - CQrt mvc.1 ·�
. *·Het.U� - (eur-o�
\ \
,' .
j
ip . VJ.
J '
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
-e, V\. ---t'
61'1191'1,4 � 13·G
Ur1/VCZYJL •11
-,
,4. o
(+) +( -) ,. C (Vtiivet'Se.)
i i
l-t, nweQ- u m�d� up d:4-
rr,�r Gttlo em+i,w,trlter.
dweJope.
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
- J
J
t1, Al,o\.(J)
'h�imwt
l'I
.,,. C£RN
- to fi'..J P"rti'c.lt. / 1-f1' 1 Bot«M f};.�'h"c.le.

'1
C. +1-
------H---,------=---------+----�..._:--�-7""...._,_-------7''-F.,..;,,;;-J-��-�
'"Q.11
• ��16!§1�_...IW"' fiwticAt. o.cule,mm-- '�
-----tt----_:_-}__:;:;;;�maiiu---h'iii"--,:;-+----F==::::::::::::=:::::=\----+--O-...-+ti____
shn1& 'k
!I
Portit.l� d:e.c.lM
tt.' l Bot� �rlicJ�

o/)
:::----------
wd� Nci.Hi Be.te. 1:tt(Dldoj,oiA,H�,.1;1---¥,�'----I-'�-"'-=-==
(j,11..J
Col\\Ch'n& £Y1Wi-<°ple. H�chons

r t� o-ete�
---fj��t---�·��/'-:J'""�,-8-s•l'I�·
l B•1..,
+---4--------f��!:t��J1!;:;;��--l-=�-,,n,��;"--
-
Mh'c.lu
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
. •* �r'el-;t p.srl\'CNI
0
- l{uJ- ('O">'I v�oJ cuwetil=" l
--""'--.:........L..;...::;;:.;.;...;.;,_;;';11,;.1'1'1
;,;,;.;
Yl
;;.;,h,
•
,
tAI'��
ll(nl�e..- C>11r�l"1Aitw
�u, �ue.. Ci•d1'u

·�cl,
s,c:t Cl:J·
.,. eL"lSA [Evt>lv� Luav 1,,wf&'oMd«

½:A:�M-
- Ev.11> :t0ri o.� -s el

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
I.
CW)
, •.. . . "' •r .,,..,,,J

no crz,.t.1 c.oril'ltdf� ;r,
- Ye.st \111! u gl,(a.libi :,
e- r
- VIO - "11. - ----· . .•
�t,rv, ,·s�ue ➔ �rcJ.ii;
.l
�
d\$fflrJCQ. O'f m•n�•o �

·.•
-
'\
I
�:•� �fa_-110 o1- 1Hc.illM41'1 ff.YStL,/'f>VI,.-, �Clf "° �IAl'f-k. �"� � Wj!) .t1--
fn.\OC. Er4t97/pa•��s,-,E.;,,J:..'i
ctilf" °L
"""�,w,tn- �
��\i\v\�e.. - "'ich� d), W�ve, Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for such notes
��cu��w�b�o��'================ ======��7"'r-r.==:::::::::
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
O'\ - J:Mi11- _. (t>MA ➔ �,loo�

feMG.11
.'. -tti u, have ��"icl�

i11�a�.
4:S� n111.0 t,ie.o w lM me-·.

.
- ik -�
\
. 111;,: � � 0(�)9e.t1e-.bowi
t(Mi.��
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
l.stti.t;
• (tll tkd11e6 ftt,rrl
l't �ua1,ai
,J,i,J ca11,1a.lhu •
(l,Ml..�c:d,..,
f'honu • So.¼t..\li\-e. hone..s
• cQJA.cJ.e..l<Ax � mi11!J,
· · · Cot
.110 nwJ
\,Ohe is �I lul as (di
1bwt.t '-' rini� 1f <�Id

tAi Ctll .
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
not hovt o.tiy UHi-rt

� �ot:,&i1,, cilltll<u.l�
J)owm�tr -
-----1+--------�--+--------'-ltl.!!n...n\lllQ.kj!elc...__�·�
#1(.(0�
----- --\;'..lMIU "� tllA�
t,
ddh.__-
-------H--------------'--------:-t---
s _C6mp. wk.o i;� 11,cAlA�e,L
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
�vqld Bl<-1etoath.
f1'con et•
i.�, moster-slc.ve ir1un:;fct1(l)1,. '
-Ult.
•Wifi di'r.ect� C haie:,� � Xent:fet � " ett.J
Goo f<Lt
tst<.u. ➔ lm!�ny
15, l:>itr bi..t" vt �ru�
- te..1.£.me.:t,i:iY\e. t�e :::-.t>,tm 11a..

- Y.afl'\ob!L -i::lf no�c �CM
sl.lMCL..
,. ·--' L.1_ (
f��cJe, ��,icia Wt. an, �ar�da:tr, is CAIi� Hthw
I .
L f'.
-Visible. h'ht ·• - rad (o wol/ec
- Ylo pYO lem , u.te.

6> on
tta10roolil ftzmlel.lm plc111t,.
lco.J favit
-ron' «.s,. (�
&"ol{d ob' ect- (�)
, Whi'te. · -
spe..dl'Um -\'?J p�
la:t-t mi1.e bt'?1ad �cu1i3 CdYlnec.h'an.
ku 1 'l· f-18 4tta.

• I
I •
d>1.lit'1L
z /?.
f>.ro n1 o+i
.rJi�c::1
I
1_Y 4".(m
n,f:a "Jr 'r 1' G I ., -'-c:½o->I '.

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
, o\.Otf-12.
�\\ Q..
1-----H----__,.....��--�-------�·�.-st+--df�l'Nlltl;,�Olt;Nre1rai t1""r----------
,..,. �dric.t -t ,� ,'kl,t,
« vr'�.,J �It"� �lo\&e,t-
---- -7t-------thW-\,Mi,�-...+-i-----,.._,----t::t;l)-I---------
�360'
'"'
---�:lii----��1-..!i-h_• -V\�-"'w.,_____:__ _AA_._---+_.;��•��:_;;:)�==-r:_____'.�tmt,----'\-�,$·�
a> 11
a-...e._.so..\d.l..,�
'l-e\i �11 't!
,. {>t.o�J.,�,•., 1e�1110Lo
to,ku
ftU
Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH
(in telegram) for such notes
For free CSAT Videos – Join Youtube – CIVIL SERVICES
WITH NEELESH
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
small si,e. w,
�t.lC. are °'JAlll'c. comp, - �"'c.t(m<1, allll 3u.effl�--

�lltvuit.� lN1 C.C.O.f>kUle- 4rafh
i�
v'
N�YDI "'I- � . 'J,
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
,' �AIICt.r-t, aifaa -trl!:,� CJ:IIIW.:CtllJ
�ic.al.r 1fl' lt (PiUA 1 �1 to(f4.t\.,.,)

e.111.._ t.,.,i
lU.
.,. (,
�r<i
/
C .:,=o/
r"....--1.--------.�--:;;P,,.,...,.,·ri<'. .f__t------l-ld��S-tJAJ:r.uu.:�ctt.<:).----At,--=-4�1iH�-:-.1
-,,o��a�
r---�m
2:=7i :ip 9:tJAAbsn&
�;,___-=tf===========,=::============== • I

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
., '
T r,,ih•cJiy� NSil
.j.
, \• /, I •
I .· 'J
,• f
I :r 95' 1 C.,,�l,(� • Notto+tcJ,

r-t.d
Rce,w-..tryf.
�1 ��siL,J: Af:,,o, � � �,o
. - -P«ftrt mi,Ji\ te
-- :: Aur,(
Y�!,y
-R�1�bi1.Ary
.....
p Pr
-tvJi
(9eo,1e) r61oftg c boo�

.ony cttitr �1·r1 �bo� �� rahltn
. ,
f -rerformati02
.,1,,; .�turoc� ---··-. -
R.. - Kl2ll�bil11:tj
nu noid rz>bot ·€)( �lo.clve d isposru �bot - To.Jon
•�000------
• 0omb ,·s�u.o.
•
- A-t\a
YOS .It
Mini Andnis
l?cbotT
U<.i
8\ol• ,'uJ Sit
O<A r COi.i� + ,
..;;•
D,,.,.., ... ve- �ml- et\V' nm ment- �ot dts1°9M.tJ 1,·u-�
:--
__:..._,;;.;..:....:-i:i-:-::...=\:::.:.:�� :...=.:=..:..:...=..:..:c�.:..:.:...-- -,1-+-.._-:-::-:--n.-�,----t----N cr�t,Q>.M�� f"lUAtt.cc;z.
I
- Procw-enia-d <11-- ntU"d:W-��lf,,t,\.
!-

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
t<l11' vror11L- """ •
4.
w 81'on1'c m"'� ,, Th t. 6 Ml'\ $ fflQ,,"
Vart I �l: t�r�e.{;;

2.0l?i-14 ➔ �riw..Ltura.t Rotioir
V - ' I
2o1a-1-? ➔ti, heir:, e.l�e.-lu a�� 1>e.o1>lt:.

\.. '-y �o �9 "4,t19 arrm� �,.odl1
rl"'t"l>·u,i, �Den I._._.
- u+i·�ckiD � &!Adi A._, .A
.../
- �ooile. chn>m'&.. lr1it7'11cl-j
> O
� �rne.r df:- ��+;s;t;L,

I ' ,,
- • Ce+1M. 71¥ gobo+ics � mecl-,ariotn,�,cs- , �ripur

_a. l , • _ I
, ·I ;
1 rr..uvjr- .....uuar·
't'rt ttiU t'aent f?o bot ,,
..... :._
.
·.
'
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH ,,
,
.. .
'
'
J ' \j
\. lqqs ➔ -r._.,. .
"-fiG\10. Join.£ wro
ent encour:o..9emeht 4 innovo.n·CN\
Pans eonven+ia-n
➔
..e., research.
➔ {)Yt>�'al � l�IAShi�,
�.si�
-.2..oa.s ➔ r�t
- -ves.-
1 PR. P.oli
· - rt '
- mo:nl -fl�1vi\m·e.r �,1-e. t ,s<o.h'cM.J

i:?1.Ps
-
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
.
;
' '
., ,,
, .
' .
➔ i31v'es ttie.r-mdl .!tr>.bilii] 4,, �.,_ . .,,,_w·�.
,;.
,I
I,
8r1Ain �
? I\
�he. F"Mte.rio...l > � tt,e,h'c.

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
•
• Bi ( d,u,,, i'cc,J .rv..b.s rn h t.t.)

➔ p
. . .
r------1r-----.--:::::::::::��-----ttz�
, S'ML-,cll.�
f---��-----i�=�===----==:;::===-----l---hparmme
-Au..o �Nu.- k.

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
➔ emih::: t[rt)."-,-----------------
v1:Si�la- I

Science and Technology - Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Science and Technology - Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SHORT NOTES FOR SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY SECTION OF UPSC

AB YE TO KAM SE KAM PADH LIJIYEGA ENVIRONMENT KE LIYE

PLEASE SHARE THE DOCUMENT TO HELP FELLOW ASPIRANTS

This is prepared by our team for you.

ALL THE SHORT NOTES OF MONTHLY CURRENT AFFAIRS WILL BE AVAILABLE

NEELESH KUMAR SINGH

ALL INDIA RANK 442

UPSC CSE 2021

• 4Yeen -fuel ...

i�" -rJ (�•�-»�)

,. � _. tApputayu A., lowe.Y layw

- fl,e.sc arii c:Hnzc• souru rl

�u ;:sw ... CAno\. Mk )'

fc.h,1 : l:fflotto I r'A"h �� s11o..tl sia.,c,, �-illScA:fic.r -t-�

0-ie&et : AV"ttt-,t.a,-1 �U!I qpvn"'cttt ll"'EQ.J

;.;.) u,ic.�11f'i,,lo,.�I� .....

•·1 •r .t�--e., � MOt:f (J

11 � t<��--+ P�,w� ( ���)

a..t-e-n,l't. •no mac, co.

3rl.s���.���--t"fi¥ ,w� u-_,�,u;j

1111'1 1111,iti,'" tt-t1Vfti ./ ) �,utM�

o,0.·1-n 6·11-'' o-6o�lt

", 9o:! -� \•If\•

. "� () s, '!>• • /"'

- f'IW"Orn'un, (cterlvuf element)

- pyo ows � at,iouti

'&,0 ,... f't -IS_ �. wwta IM.cL..

- l�r� -1'-� 4 � eJe..cm'd

-. In. l�d1'01 •Nwl�r Yitian .l02.o - �o,ooo MW� NtidtAY &I

- Prrto:n,re.- :fust �rt.tsiv �clw.

-C:..� (Mcot(..1S111n"C) l.c,r.,rcJ(no

�tnrt, WW!j ,ohc. £� (tfl',_)

-<(!:! �➔ e,inrt17 :1t1c1,..., 1:l'I"""' r"9""'" �;. ""

,·��. '.'"'1a. !Ii"'""'

• ,.f½<, i,9 I • l'I• Nut!,., Nil�

· No fir<+ ..,,,. �•I•�

=�,.,..f ' (\_ ��:-'-

1.�,., • It �..., (qM<. �c,. II -1-ia.W'

e-�olc-) €' � •p<;:tc.

....J...,.-. NJ>T _i +.a , ...

�u..J . ..u,,�I( t-,lot't'\ )c.aru,

,+it.I'!"' ·� ir:....,;. .,,,1

•�~•- � )lk'ff_t#So•I<- 111/r,iL., 1�) u....t,-111t-/ll ,�.. 1➔�•�" )1 l'!l..t,�q.s,,n

(@D- &lsic unit � lt'fe - all arqanisf1i' a�

p,NA' tra�sc�·ipti·an, � �r+A -tmr2.do..han >fhtein

[Vi��, -B��-lfne b/w r,'vi'nB 8J_ nan ·livi�

•(0l- �-+ Pe�t re�istont

Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants

� NJimaJ d�in.9 ➔ -tt>m.19h sG"mat\c (ell

.., ,t2cen� � � cb-ned ,1-vdk Wolf

[1�p�J(DUve. cutenuoJed-� twm Gt-ge?ltm

eci Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants

. ;.va�i.-r> · -_;..;J,: ,��u,vateo v,raJ. 'ill cdne

•· ,Pfi:� Imo �m1a --r. r:n RN�· vacdrie

• ?)'cov-f) __., DNA '1�C.�!'�,f .

�ol��z�·.· . t!R �-}f

-ate (CmmuoicC{.b/e dfse�� 'in �-cal "'fa.ts ➔ srnroee

Patlio · 9M . . sviws (loacftlia, l'mt>

-01000/ s.taUm/��ua.J•, � !nffi�� p_retenti,;

' . ' '1/0 tcinoJ,01 �(£/II �1CC£t1� ®VQa@

•.sn,aJJPo/i � ' � N.1\- \I) 61.H . skr'n · (.s/<0.11iri9->:) eawant �onea-,

. -transrn is-Si 61') . ' ' '

• Ru,be,\fQ �N1 Vl'3\AS ,,

11 � t<��--+ P�,w� ( ��)

3rl.s��.��--t"fi¥ ,w� u-_,�,u;j

• 'RD�Vf�� NA- vt�t.U

- tt1�'fx_ 9oo.1 a{- M,t. -�t.u,rwn'nt. _lat101°'9 .t\�� KAIJfQ.1,,1�

-----jjr------------�-��l-\�l-\,01U-it� AIAc.J�Y: VJ�6','\-& l (OUf �)