Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Main Campus, Sta, Mesa, Manila

College of Architecture Design and Built Environment

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY - 2

WOOD MASONRY STEEL AND

CONCRETE
Prepared by:
Ar. Maynard M. Muhi MODULE 2
Learning Outcomes:
1. Be able to understand space planning.

2. Be able to understand the design

process.

3. Be able to understand the architectural

drawings.
RESIDENTIAL
SPACE PLANNING
SPACES IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSE AND ITS
CONSIDERATIONS
A. Assessing the client’s needs
1. A successful design adequately accommodates within a structure
the lifestyle and specific needs of the user.
2. Determine specific requirements of the client a. Prepare a list
that includes design considerations and necessities
1) Family size and structure
2) Family or individual’s interests and activities
3) Budget of project
4) Location of site
5) Number of levels
6) Architecture style
7) Zoning ordinances and covenants
B. Levels
1. One story homes are typically compatible with a limited
number of architectural styles and have the potential to be
more costly if located on a larger site.
2. One and one-half story homes utilize the attic as a living
space through structural elements including a steep roof and
dormers projecting from the roof to let in air and light.
3. Two story homes are economical to build because of smaller
roof and foundation area.
4. Split-level homes are developed for a sloping lot, and
separate sleeping, living, and recreation on different levels.
C. Traffic patterns

1.Are a primary consideration in designing a functional plan.

2.Main traffic areas include the halls, stairs, foyers,
entrances to rooms, and exterior entrances.
3.Travel should be short and if possible, not pass through
other rooms.
4.Trace various routes through the house to analyze traffic
flow.
5.Doors should be planned and located to guide traffic
through rooms.
6.Doors and openings located near a corner of a room usually
result in less wasted space. Leave a minimum of 100 mm.
for casing inside corner to frame.
7. Entrances
a. Usually include an outside and inside waiting area.
b. Flooring materials should not be affected by water or
dirt.
c. Minimum of 2 entrances
d. Main house entrance
1) Should be easily identified
2) Should include a foyer if space permits i. size
depends on size of house
ii. often omitted in small houses
3) Should be able to view visitors without opening
a door
4) Minimum entrance is 900 mm.
D. Room planning
1. Living area

a. Generally, comprises 1/3 of the house and includes

the living room, dining room, foyer, recreation or
family room, great rooms, sunroom, home office,
den or other gathering spaces
b. Types of floor plans
1) Closed/Formal plans place rooms in cubicles
accessible through doors and openings.
2) Open/Informal plans include partial
separations or may combine several spaces
(rooms) into one open area.
i. Area rugs or furniture provide a visual
separation
ii. ii. Floor elevations and ceiling heights
may differentiate SAMPLE LAYOUT OF
LIVING AREA
c. Living room
1) Size and layout is determined by its
purpose
i. TV room
ii. Center of activities
iii. Entertaining guests
iv. Furniture
v. Living habits of occupants
2) Limit traffic patterns through living areas
3) Centrally located near an entrance
4) Consider views to outside
5) Dining and entertaining are closely related
and should be located in proximity to each
other.
d. Dining room
LIVING
1) Size and layout is determined by
its purpose
i. Presence of smaller eating
areas
ii. Number of guests to be
served
iii. Furniture KITCHEN
2) May be accessible to porch or
deck for outside dining
3) Ideally located between the
family room and kitchen
4) Allow ample space for serving
and movement
OUTSIDE DINING
2. Sleeping area
a. Includes bedrooms, baths,
dressing rooms, and closets.
b. Homes are categorized by the
number of bedrooms and baths.
c. Three-bedroom homes are most
common.
d. Rooms are often grouped
together in a quiet, separate
wing or level.
e. Master bedroom may be
separated from other bedrooms.
f. Bedroom size and layout is related
to furniture and function.
1) Minimum size is 20 square
meter or 2.10 meters in any
direction.
2) Consider furniture items and
size to be used
3) Plan for movement of
furniture
4) Consider planned activities
i. Writing
ii. Reading
iii. Watching TV
iv. Hobbies
g. Typically, bedrooms should be
accessible to a hall.
1)Doors should swing into
the bedroom.
2)Minimum width of door
to bedroom is 0.700
meters
3)Door size should allow
for furniture movement.
h. Windows
1) Used for ventilation and light
2) Must be included as a second
means of egress.
3) Windows use wall space that
could be used for furniture
arrangement.
i. Dressing areas
1) May be an alcove or a separate
room
2) May include sinks, make-up
counters, mirrors, chairs,
closets and other dressing
items
3) Often adjacent to the master
bath
j. Bathrooms

1) Includes plumbing fixtures such as the toilet,

shower, tub, sink, and bidet
i. Lavatories may be wall-hung, pedestal, or
countertop.
ii. ii. Various sizes and styles of fixtures are
available.
iii. iii. Allow 0.40 mts minimum from center
line of water closet to wall or adjacent
fixture
3) May be compartmentalized
4) Bedrooms should be placed close to a bath or have
an adjacent bath.
5) The master bedroom usually has an adjacent bath.
6) Bath sizes vary according to space available.
i. Minimum size for full bath is 1.5 m. x 2.40 m.
ii. ii. A half-bath contains a lavatory and a toilet
iii. iii. Minimum size for half-bath is 0.90 m. x 2.10
m.
7) Bath furnishings may include built in clothes
hampers, shelves for linens, counter space,
medicine cabinets, and mirrors.
8) Must have natural ventilation and or fan to remove
moisture
9) Grouping baths increases efficiency by allowing for
centralized plumbing.
11) Linen closets should be minimum of 0.55 m. deep
COMMON BATHROOM LAYOUT
3. Service area
a.Kitchen
1) Purpose is food preparation but may include dining, laundry, and
storage
2) 2) Kitchen is made up of three work centers:
i. Food storage and preparation (refrigerator, cabinets,
pantry, countertops)
ii. Cooking (range, oven, microwave, countertops)
iii. Clean-up (sink, dishwasher, countertops)
3) Work triangle measures efficiency
i. A line from the center front of each work center makes up
the work triangle.
ii. The sum of all sides of the work triangle should not exceed
6.50 meters.
iii. When possible, traffic lanes should not impede the work
triangle.
The Service Area
An example of a
work triangle:
4) Countertops and cabinets
must be sufficient to allow for
kitchen operation and storage.
i. Draw base cabinets 0.60
meters deep and wall
cabinets 0.30 meters
deep.
ii. Draw wall cabinets as
dashed lines (cabinet
function, auto cabinet)
5) Kitchen styles
i. Straight line
- Used in smaller spaces such as cottages or
apartments
- Provides a limited amount of cabinets

An example of a straight-line configuration:

ii. L-shape
-Not used for large kitchens
where walls may become too
long
-Creates an efficient
workspace and is more
attractive than straight line

An example of an L-shape
configuration:
iii. Corridor/Galley -Small to medium sized kitchens -Efficient
arrangement for long, narrow spaces -Not recommended if traffic
is heavy through the kitchen -Need at least 1.20 mts between
cabinets for movement

An example of a
corridor
configuration:
iv. U-shape
- High efficiency
- Medium sized kitchens
- Approximately 1.80
meters between legs of “U

An example of
a U shape
configuration:
v. Island
- Island can be used to house the sink, cooking
center, or food preparation area or serve as a
snack bar.
- Allow 42” on all sides

An example of an
Island
configuration:
6) Kitchen eating areas (Family kitchen)
i. Open/Informal plan
ii. May include table/chairs or an eating counter

b. Laundry
1) Size and location varies with function
i. Washing drying, ironing, mending clothes
ii. May be placed close to kitchen and other work areas
of nearby bedrooms
iii. Efficient design has arrangement of
appliances/fixtures following order of operations.
iv. Receiving and preparing requires hamper/bins.
v. Washing requires sink, washer, and detergents.
vi. Drying requires dryer and/or drying line.
vii. Folding and ironing requires board, countertop, and
racks
c. Garage or Carport
1) Size depends on the number of cars to be housed
and other purposes it will be used for
i. Single car space is recommended to be from
3.5o x 5.80 to 4.90 x 7.60 depending on the
car and access space
ii. Double car space is recommended to be from
6.00 x 6.00 to 7.60 x 7.60.
iii. Space may be increased if a garage is to be
used for storage or a workshop
2) Maybe attached to the house or a separate
structure
i. Style should match the house
ii. ii. Maybe connected by a breezeway
3) A carport is like a garage except one or more walls are removed and
no doors are provided.
i. Less expensive to build than a garage
ii. Does not provide as much protection as a garage
iii. Better suited to mild climates
4) Garage doors vary in style, construction, and size.
5) Garage floors are most often constructed with concrete.
i. Slope toward doors or built in drain
ii. 0.10 mts thick with vapor barrier and reinforcement
iii. Apron connects floor to paved driveways
6) Driveways
i. May include a turnaround to avoid having to back into the
street
ii. ii. Desirable widths are 10’ for a single car of 18’ for a double
car garage 40
iii. iii. Turning radii of 4.50 mts should be provided where the
driveway connects to the street.
iv. iv. Driveway layout may vary due to size and position of
house as related to the lot.
ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN
PROCESS
 STEP 1: PROGRAMMING (pre-design phase)
Architectural programming is the thorough and systematic evaluation of
the interrelated values, goals, facts, and needs of a client’s family and
the surrounding community. A well-conceived program leads to high-
quality design.
CLIENT HAVE THE
IDEAS.
ARCHITECTS/DESI
GNERS
INTERPRET THE
IDEAS INTO THE
DESIGN.
Programming is when you’ll meet with your
Architectural Matrix
architect to discuss all of your needs and Diagram
desires for your new home. During
programming, your architect will gather
information on your building site or existing
home (if you are remodeling). At this time, the
owner and architect will begin to form a
cohesive relationship and a shared concept for
the final building.

Here the scope, features, purpose, and

functionality of your home is defined. Together
with your architect, you develop and refine a
“vision” for the project. Your architect leads
you through a “programming” exercise to help
you explore the needs of those who will live,
work or play in the space you create.
STEP 2: SCHEMATIC DESIGN
Once the requirements of the project are determined via the programming process, the
design phase begins. Your architect gives shape to your vision through drawings. The
architect provides a preliminary evaluation of the program, schedule and construction
budget developed in the pre-design phase and prepares schematic design drawings
illustrating the project to review with the owner.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
BUBBLE DIAGRAM
Once approved by the client,
drawings at this stage are
usually sufficient to initiate any
neighborhood review process. If
you are working with a builder
at this point in the process,
they will discuss a preliminary
estimate of construction cost.
STEP 3: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

The beginning of design development (DD) is a logical extension of schematic

design. In this phase the architect will translate the design of a project from
the realm of ideas to physical form. DD tasks build on the approved
schematic design to reach a level of completeness that demonstrates the
project can be built. The schematic design is overlaid with more detailed
information obtained from consultants and team members.

Throughout DD, it is important to evaluate how systems, material selection,

preliminary structure, and detailing reflect the schematic design
concept. The design team works out detailed coordination issues, while
enhancing the project, so that major revisions are not needed during
construction documentation or, worse, during construction. At this point,
your architect will prepare to scale floor plans and building elevations for
initial review and approval.
STEP 4: CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
Continuing the design process, the architect prepares
drawings suitable for permit submittal and construction
which are referred to as construction drawings (CDs). These
drawings are an instrument of communicating the project to
those who will be involved in the construction of your home;
the CDs set the parameters for the building process
CDs are produced on a larger scale and describe, in detail,
the components of your home that need to be fabricated and
assembled in order for it to be built. Tasks include developing
the remaining elevations and beginning structural analysis as
it relates to the architecture. During this phase the architect
will interface with consultants (engineering, interior design,
landscape, lighting, HVAC, etc.) ensuring a complete
coordinated set for construction.
INSIDE
ARCHITECTURAL
DRAWING
1. DRAWING SHEETS
These views are presented on drawing sheets which also
incorporate additional key information that assists in their
use and interpretation including;
1. The project title, site location and Client’s name.
2. The name and contact details of the architectural
practice and drawing author
3. The drawing title or description.
4. The project number or code.
5. The drawing number and issue version
6. A revision schedule to identify any changes made
between issues.
7. The scale of the drawing at a specified sheet size.
8. The date the drawing was produced or revised.
Standard Title Block as per National Building Code of the Philippines
I. COVER SHEET
1.What inside the Cover
sheet
• Perspective
• Vicinity Map /
Location Map
• Site Development
Plan
• Table of Content
 II. FLOOR PLAN
• What inside the floor plan
9. Door & Toilet Tiles and
1. Floor Plan Fixture
2. Grid line 10. Floor Drops
3. Dimensions 11. Roof Line (dotted)
4. Sectional Call-out 12. Kitchen Cabinet Layout
5. Elevation Call-out (dotted)
6. Door & Window Callout 13. Closets and Cabinets
7. Room Names Locations
8. Wall Sectional Symbol 14. Furnitures
15. Floor Finishes
III. ROOF PLAN
• What inside the roof plan

1. Roof Plans
2. Roof framing plan
3. Truss details
4. Roof eaves details
5. Grid lines
6. Dimensions
7. Finishes / materials
 IV. ELEVATIONS

• What inside the Elevations

1. Grid Lines
2. Heights of the building
up to roof
3. External Finishes
4. Dimensions
5. Door & Window Marks
 V. SECTION
• What inside the Section
(Longitudinal & Cross section)

1. Grid Lines
2. Heights of the building
(Floor to Floor)
3. Height of the ceiling
4. Internal Finishes
5. Dimensions
6. Door & Window Marks
7. Wall Sectional Symbols
 VI. SCHEDULES OF DOORS AND WINDOWS
• What inside the schedule of
doors and windows

1. Plans and Elevations

2. Dimensions
3. Finishes / materials
4. Doors and windows marks
5. Schedule of door and
window hardwares
6. Location of the doors and
windows
7. Door & Window Marks
VII. REFLECTED CEILING PLAN

• What inside the

reflected ceiling plan

1. Ceiling Plan
2. Dimensions
3. Grid lines
4. Ceiling Finishes /
materials
5. Details call outs
6. Ceiling Details
7. Ceiling heights
8. Utilities
9. Ceiling openings
 IX. ENLARGED KITCHEN
PLAN
• What inside the
enlarged kitchen plan

1. Plans
2. Elevations
3. Section
4. Grid lines (if
required)
5. Finishes /
materials
6. Counter cabinets
details
X. ENLARGED TOILET
& BATH PLAN

• What inside the enlarged

kitchen plan

1. Plans
2. Elevations
3. Section
4. Grid lines (if required)
5. Finishes / materials
6. Vanity details
7. Shower screen details
XI. STAIRCASE PLAN
• What inside the
staircase

1. Plans
2. Section
3. Tread and Riser
details
4. Handrail details
5. Balluster
6. Landing
THANK YOU