AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

0 I o Member (Planning)

No. AAI/Member (Pig)/Tech-Inst./2022/P- 16:<./ 7 s 27th April, 2022

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION NO. 77

Sub: Maintenance of RESA & Allied Facilities

Airport Accident Investigation Bureau (AAIB) has made the following

recommendations in their Investigation Report on incident at one of the airports:

i) Upkeep and maintenance of RESA be ensured at all times as per the laid down
specifications.

ii) Perimeter Road should be wide enough to facilitate quick movement of

emergency vehicles.

iii) Runway Centre Line Lights are installed at Table Top Runways.

Based on the above recommendations, following directions are issued for

implementation:

1. Maintenance of RESA:

i) Guidelines for provision, maintenance and upkeep of RESA as per Technical

Instruction No. 70 dated 27th Dec 2010 (Annexure-A) are to be strictly
followed. Further, it has been decided that CBR value of RESA shall be evaluated
annually to ensure CBR value as per TI No. 70 dated 27th December, 2010.

ii) Following points need special attention to maintain RESA:

a) Soft Ground Arresting (SGA) System to retard the exiting aircraft is

maintained as required with regular ploughing and replenishing with suitable
material.

b) The ploughing should be done in such a way that the surface/layer below
15 em is not disturbed.

c) Concrete Support Structure of the Localiser Antenna and the Approach

Lights should be embedded in the ground.
 )

d) All airports shall send details of RESA and its maintenance SOP and an auto
update enabled IT system may be developed for regular monitoring by
Operational Directorate.

e) Maintenance Audit of RESA be conducted every month and

videos/photographs as evidences on monthly basis to be sent to Operational
Directorate CHQ.

2. Airport Perimeter Road:

Perimeter Road should be 4.8 m wide with 1.2 m shoulder on both side to facilitate
quick movement of emergency vehicles/CFT and shall be capable of supporting
Crash Fire Tender of 36.0 tonnes.

3. Runway Centre Line Lights:

Runway Centre Line Lights shall be provided at all Table Top Runways intended
to be used under Precision Approach Runway Category I/II/ III at a
longitudinal spacing of not more than 30M for CAT-I & II and not more than 15 M
for CAT -III, as specified in ICAO ''Annex-14: AERODROMES'~ with standby circuit.

The above procedure may be brought to the notice of all the concerned for strict
compliance.

All Technical Instructions issued are available at AAI website under following path:
www.aai.aero/en => Emp. Login => Circular & Orders => Dept. (Engineering) =>
Circular Types (Technical Instructions) = > Search

Encl: Annexure-A

Distribution: As per standard list

 Annexure- A

AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA

DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING

No. AAl/Member (Plg)/Tech-Inst./2010 J-7 Dec,2010

TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION N0:...70

RUNWAY END SAFETY AREAS (RESA): PROVISION, MrAINTENANCE & UPKEEP

1. ICAO Aircraft Accident/Incident Data Reports (ADREP) have indicated that aircraft
undershooting or overrunning the runway during landings or take-offs suffer
significant damage. To minimize such damage, it is co:lSidered necessary to provide
an additional area beyond the ends of the runway :;trip. These areas, known as
Runway End Safety Areas, should be capable to adequately· supporting any aircraft
which overruns or undershoots the runway and should be clear of all equipment and
installations which are not frangible.
Provision and proper maintenance of Runway End Safety Areas (RFSA) minimizes
the risk and impact of incidents relating to undershooting or over running of runway,
escalating into major accidents, causing serious damages to aircraft and injury -to
pass~ngers and crew.

2 Dimensions of RESA
i) A Runway End Safety Area should as far as practicable extend from the end of
runway strip to a distance of
240m where the code number is 3 or 4.
120m where the code number is 1 01 2
A Runway End Safety Area shall extend from .he end of runway strip to a
distance of at least 90 m.
ii) The width of runway end safety area shall be at least twice that of associated
runway.
3. Slopes on RFSA
i) General
The slopes of a runway end safety area shall be such that no part of the runway
end safety area penetrates the approach or take-off climb surface.
ii) Longitudinal Slopes
The longitudinal slopes of a runway end safety area shall not exceed a
downward slope of 5 percent. Longitudinal slope changes should be as gradual
as practicable and abrupt changes or sudden reversals of slopes avoided
iii) TransverseSlopes
The transverse slopes of a runway end safety area shall not exceed an upward
or downward slope of 5 percent. Transitions between differing slopes should
be as gradual as practicable.
4. Gearing and Grading of RFSA
i) A runway end safety area shall provide a cleared and graded area for
aeroplanes which runway is intended to serve in the event of an aeroplane
undershooting or overrunning the runway.
ii) The surface of the ground in RESA does not need to be prepared to the same
quality as the runway strip.
5. Strength
i) A runway end safety area should be so prepared or constructed as to reduce
the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway,
enhance aeroplane deceleration, and facilitate the movement of rescue and fire
fighting vehicles.
ii) Since the graded portion of a strip is. provided to minimize the hazard to an
aircraft running off the runway~ it ... should be graded in such a manner as to
prevent the collapse of the nose landing gear to the aircraft. The surface should
be prepared in such a manner as to provide drag to an aircraft and below the
surface, it should have sufficient bearing strength to avoid damage to the
aircraft. To meet these divergent needs, the following g-Uidelines are provided -
for preparing the strip. Aircraft manufacturers consider that a depth of 15 em is
the maximum depth to which the nose gear may sink without collapsing.
Therefore, it is recommended that the soil at a depth of 15 em below the
finished strip surface be prepared to have a bearing stren~th of California
Bearing Ratio (CBR) value of 15 to 20. The intention of this underlying
prepared surface is to prevent the nose gear from sinking more than 15 em. The
top 15 em may be of lesser strength which would facilitate deceleration of
aircraft.
6. Guidelines for maintenance
Once RESA is designed and provided as Soft Ground Arrestor System, the onus of
maintaining it properly to achieve the desired objective is that. of Airport Incharges
and maintenance engineers responsible for operational area. Following points need
special attention to maintain RESA :-
• the area is levelled, made free of wild growth, pot holes/rat holes etc.
• humps and depressions should be eliminated.
•
•
.
grass should not be allowed to exceed 10 em in height.
Periodical plouging of the top layer will help degrading the speed of the
aircraft effectively. Suggested periodidty is 2-4 weeks.
7. This TI is issued to bring the above salient points (relating to RESA), to the notice of
all APDs/ APCsf Ai.tport lncharges/ ATM & Engineering officers entrusted with job
of maintenance and upkeep of operational area ICAO Guidelines/Standards, Ovil
Aviation Requirement (CAR) and AAI drculars issued with regard to subject, may
also be referred :-
i) DARA circular No. W/2003- dated 18.12.2003 : Maintenance and upkeep of
Runway and Taxiway strips and Runway End Safety Areas (RESA) and other
parts/ operational areas at Aerodromes.
 ii) Planning Circular 1 of 2010, dated 04.02.2010 : Provision of Runway End Safety
Area (RESA), grading of runway strip and provision of ground markings.
iii) ICAO Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 1 Runways (Chapter 5) and ICAO
Annex-14.
iv) Civil Aviation Requirement (CAR), Series B Part t Section 4.
8. Aviation safety is of paramoun~ interest to AAI. Any improvement in runway safety
goes a long way in enhancing the 'Safety environment' of the airport. All concerned
officers at an airport should take stock of the situation and ensure that norms and
standards, laid down are achieved in letter and spirit.
9. Table top runways or runways with insufficient land beyond runway strip shall be
designed separately with an option for provision of Engineered Materials Arresting
System (EMAS), as required.

Distribution : As per attached list

 Distribution List

1. EA to Chairman, AAI, CHQ

2. Member (Finance), AAI, CHQ
3. Member (Ops.), AAI, CHQ
4. Member (Pig.), AAI, CHQ
5. Member (HR), AAI, CHQ
6. Member (ANS), AAI, CHQ
7. Chief Vigilance Officer, AAI, CHQ
8-12. Executive Director (Engg), AAI, Northern Region/ Western Region/ Eastern & North Eastern Region/Southern
Region/ MIS & Standardization, CHQ
13 Executive Director (Land Management), AAI, CHQ
14 Executive Director (PMQA) AAI, CHQ,
15-19 Regional Executive Director, AAI, Northern Region/Western Region/ Eastern Region/ Southern Region/ North
Eastern Region
20. Executive Director (CNS-Pig.), AAI, CHQ
21. Executive Director (CNS-OM), AAI, CHQ
22-24 Executive Director (ATM)-1/11/111, AAI, CHQ
25. Executive Director (Pig.) AAI, CHQ
26. Executive Director (Ops.) AAI, CHQ
27. Executive Director (kid)AAI, CHQ
28. Executive Director (Avn. Safety), AAI, CHQ
29. Executive Director(Arch.), AAI, CHQ
30. Executive Director(Admin), AAI, CHQ
31-32 . Executive Director(Finance)-1/11, AAI CHQ
33. Executive Director( Commercial), AAI CHQ
34. Executive Director( IT), AAI, CHQ
35. Executive Director (Airport System), AAI, CHQ
36. Director(Security), AAI, CHQ
37. Executive Director(Tech.), AAI, CHQ
38. Executive Director( Cargo), AAI, CHQ
39. Principal (C.A.T.C), Allahabad
40. Director (I.A.A), AAI, Rangpuri
41-43 Airport Director, AAI, Kolkata/Chennai/Trivandrum Airports
44. GM (Vigilance) AAI, CHQ
45. GM (Law) AAI, CHQ
46. GM (C&C) AAI, CHQ
47. GM (BDC), AAI, CHQ
48-49 GM Engg (project) AAI, Kolkata Project/ Chennai Project
S0-54 GM Engg (Civil/Electrical), AAI, Northern Region/Western Region/ Eastern Region/ Southern Region/ North Eastern
Region,CHQ
55-66 GM Engg (Project)/ project in-charge, AAI, Port Blair/ Patna/ Hollongi/ Leh/ Dehradun/ Vijayawada/ Trichy/
Rajahmundry/ Guwahati/Rajkot/ Pune/ Jabalpur Airport.
67-70 GM: PMQA /Planning/ RCS /Airport System, CHQ
71-80 GM Engg, AAI, Northern Region/Western Region/ Eastern Region/ Southern Region/ North Eastern, RHQ.
81 GM (IT), Safdarjung Airport- pis. Upload Technical Instruction/ Technical Circular on AAI Website path
www.aai.aero/en => Emp. Login =>Circular & Orders=> Dept. (Engineering)=> Circular Types (Technical
Instructions) =>Search
82-83 MIS (Civil) /MIS (Electrical), AAI, CHQ
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