TUTORIAL

SECTION A

1. A dilute sugar solution entering the shell-tube evaporator at 10 000kg/hr with a

temperature of 1000C is concentrated in a single effect continuous evaporator into a
concentrate of 30% sugar solution. The concentrated stream leaves the evaporator at
5 789kg/hr. The vapour space inside the evaporator is at 25kPa (g). Steam is supplied
at 200kPa (abs) into the shell side. The overall heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is
1704W/m2.K.
List all your assumptions: Total 20 marks
1.1 Calculate the concentration of sugar fed into evaporator.
1.2 Calculate the amount of vapour produced per time.
1.3 Also calculate the heat transfer area required.
1.4 Calculate the steam economy.

V(hfg) = Q where hfg was read at 25kPa g

2. A continuous single effect evaporator is used to concentrate a dilute salt solution

entering the vessel at salt concentration of 5wt% and temperature 370K. The concentrated
product exit at 15 wt% salt. The vapour space inside the evaporator is at 101.3kPa (abs).
Steam is supplied at 143.3kPa (abs) and the heat transfer area is 19m2.
List all your assumptions Total 20 marks
2.1 Calculate the amount of vapor produced.
2.2 Calculate the amount of concentrated product leaving the evaporator.
2.3 Determine the steam economy.
2.4 Calculate the heat transfer coefficient.

3 A continuous single effect evaporator concentrate a dilute juice stream entering at 3wt%
salt solution entering at 389K. The concentrated solution leaves the evaporator at
2610kg/hr and final concentrate of 25wt%. The vapour space inside the evaporator is at
211kPa (abs). Steam is supplied at 200kPa(g). The heat transfer area is 150m2.
 List all your assumptions Total 20marks
3.1 Calculate the amount of vapor produced.
3.2 Determine the feed rate into the evaporator.
3.3 Calculate heat transfer coefficient required.
3.2 Calculate the steam economy

4 A single effect evaporator is used to concentrate a dilute stream of sugar syrup containing
3% dissolved solids to 7% solids. The solution density, ρ 700kg/m3. The feed stream enters
the evaporator at 385K with feed rate of 700m 3/s and vapor exits the evaporator. Steam is
available at a pressure of 270kPa (abs) and an absolute pressure of 153kPa is maintained
in the vapor. Assuming a heat transfer coefficient of 120W/m 2K, calculate the following

Total 20 marks
List all your assumptions
4.1 Calculate the rate at which the concentrate exits the evaporator.
4.2 Calculate the steam consumption.
4.3 Calculate the heat transfer are required.
4.4 Calculate the steam economy.
4.5 If the tube dimensions are 5m high and 50mm diameter, how many tubes in the
evaporator?

5. A caustic solution entering the shell-tube evaporator at 10 000kg/hr with a temperature

of 1000C is concentrated in a single effect continuous evaporator into a concentrate of
40% sugar solution. The concentrated stream leaves the evaporator at 6 000 kg/hr.
The vapour space inside the evaporator is at -30kPa (g). Steam is supplied at 300kPa (abs)
into the shell side. The overall heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is 1704W/m2.K.
List all your assumptions: Total 20 marks
- Calculate the concentration of NaOH fed into evaporator.
- Calculate the amount of vapour produced per time.
- Determine the boiling point elevation.
- Calculate the heat transfer area required.
- Calculate the steam economy.

6. A continuous single effect evaporator is used to concentrate a dilute salt solution

entering the vessel at salt concentration of 5wt% and temperature 370K. The level
inside the evaporator is 1.3m and the concentrated product exits at 15 wt% salt.
The vapour space inside the evaporator is at 101.3kPa (abs). Steam is supplied at
250kPa (abs) and the heat transfer area is 30m 2. Assume no subcooling of steam
condensate.
a. Calculate the rate at which the concentrate exits the evaporator.
b. Calculate the steam consumption. (Do consider boiling point elevation due
to hydrostatic head)
c. Calculate the heat transfer are required.
d. Calculate the steam economy.
e. If the tube dimensions are 5m high and 50mm diameter, how many tubes
in the evaporator?