Exercise 1

A single effect evaporator is required to concentrate a solution from 10% solids to 30% solids at the rate of 250kg
of feed per hour. If the pressure in the evaporator is 77kPa absolute, and if steam is available at 300kPa, calculate
the quantity of steam required per hour and the area of heat transfer surface if the overall heat transfer
coefficient is 1700Wm-2.oC-1
Assume that the temperature of the feed is 18oC and that the boiling point of the solution under the pressure of
77kPa absolute is 91oC. Assume, also, that the specific heat of the solution is the same as for water, that is 4.186
kJkg-1oC-1, and the latent heat of vaporization of the solution is the same as that for water under the same
conditions.

Calculate steam usage and heat transfer surface.

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Exercise 2
A single effect evaporation system to concentrate 2 ton/h caustic solution
with initial concentration 14.1% (weight) to 24.1% (w). The steam is
saturated at 1500C, condensate is in saturated state. The vapor is at
atmospheric pressure. The heat loss of the equipment is 58,000W.
Calculate the steam consumption used for the following cases
a. Feed solution at 200C.
b. Feed solution at boiling point
c. Feed solution at 1300C

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Exercise 3
A continuous single-effect evaporator concentrates 9072 kg/h of a 1.0 wt % salt
solution entering at 38ºC to a final concentration of 1.5 wt %.

The vapor space of the evaporator is at 101.325 kPa (1.0 atm abs) and the steam
supplied is saturated at 150 kPa. The overall coefficient U = 1704 W/m2.K.

Calculate the amounts of vapor and liquid products and the heat- transfer area
required. Assumed that, since it its dilute, the solution has the same boiling point
as water.

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Exercise 4
• A type 1-1 shell-tube condenser condenses 5000 kg/h of saturated ethanol vapor
at normal pressure with cooling water at 25°C. Liquid ethanol exits the apparatus
at a temperature of 600°C. The water leaving the device has a temperature of
400C. Let the heat coefficient of steam side is 6000W/m2.K, liquid ethanol side is
3000W/m2K, water side is 2000W/m2K. Let's:
a) Draw device diagram, line symbol
b) Calculate the heat transfer coefficient of the device.
c) Calculate the amount of water needed to cool down
d) Calculate the number of pipes 21x2mm if L= 50 is selected.

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Exercise 5
Use Babo method to calculate temperature elevation of CaCl2 25% (by
weight) at absolute pressure p0=0.36 kg/cm2.
The boiling point of CaCl2 25% at atmospheric pressure (1.033 kg/cm2) is
given at 107.50C, and at that temperature, the vapor pressure is 1.345
kg/cm2

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Exercise 6- condensers
How much water would be required in a jet condenser to condense the vapours
from an evaporator evaporating 5000kgh-1 of water under a pressure of 15cm Hg?
The condensing water is available at 18oC and the highest allowable temperature
for water discharged from the condenser is 35oC

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Exercise 7-multi-effect
Estimate the requirements of steam and heat transfer surface, and the evaporating
temperatures in each effect, for a triple effect evaporator evaporating 500 kgh-1 of a
10% solution up to a 30% solution. Steam is available at 200kPa gauge and the
pressure in the evaporation space in the final effect is 60kPa absolute. Assume that
the overall heat transfer coefficients are 2270, 2000 and 1420Wm-2oC in the first,
second and third effects, respectively. Neglect sensible heat. Assume no boiling-
point elevation, and also equal heat transfer in each effect

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