Department of Civil Engg

SE(Civil Engineering) (2019 Pattern)

FLUID MECHANICS (201003)
Semester-III
Unit I- Properties of Fluids & Fluid Statics

Name of Faculty :-N.M.Mulik

Assistant Prof.
B.E Civil, M.E.Environment.
viscosity
 It is defined as the property of a fluid that offers resistance against
shearing of one layer of fluid over another adjacent layer.
 Viscosity describes a fluid’s internal resistance to flow and may be
thought of as a measure of fluid friction.
 Ex-Honey, Oil,Kerosene,Ketchup and molasses are also good example
 Water is “thin "having a lower viscosity, while honey is “thick” having a
higher viscosity.

Fig-1 Fig-2
 According to Newton’s law of viscosity, consider two
layers of a fluid flow as shown in fig.
 Importance of understanding viscosity
 Viscosity = Measure of internal resistance to flow
 Newton’s law of viscosity:- states that shear stress in fluid
layer is directly proportional to velocity gradient.
𝑑𝑣
 τ
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑣
τ= μ.
𝑑𝑦
where, τ= shear stress, μ = coefficient of viscosity or
dynamic viscosity
𝑑𝑣
= velocity gradient
𝑑𝑦
 Unit – N-S/ m2 or Pascal in SI, Dimension—
 10 Poise= 1 N-S/ m2
 Dynamic viscosity:- Dynamic viscosityμ is defined as the
shear stress required to produce unit rate of shear
strain .
𝑑𝑣
 μ= τ /
𝑑𝑦
where, τ= shear stress, μ = coefficient of viscosity or
dynamic viscosity
𝑑𝑣
= velocity gradient
𝑑𝑦
 S.I Unit – N-S/ m2
1
 1 Poise= N-S/ m2-
10
 Kinematic viscosity:- kinematic viscosity is defined as ratio
of dynamic viscosity to the mass density of liquid..
μ
 =
ρ
where,  = kinematic viscosity, μ = coefficient of viscosity
or dynamic viscosity
Unit of kinematic viscosity
 Unit of μ– N-S/ m2 and unit of ρ = kg/m3
μ
 =
ρ
 Unit= m2 /s,
 1 cm2 /s= 1 stoke,
 1 m2 /s = 104 stokes.
Reological diagram :- Rheology is the study of the flow of matter, primarily
in a liquid state, but also as "soft solids" or solids under conditions in which
they respond with plastic flow….
 Types of Fluids
The fluids may be classified into the following type

1) Ideal fluid
2) Real fluid
3) Newtonian fluid
4) Non-Newtonian fluid
5) Ideal plastic fluid
6) Thixotropic fluid
1) A liquid has dynamic viscosity of 0.01 poise and specific mass is 1594
kg/m3,calculate kinematic viscosity.
 :- Given Dynamic viscosity μ = 0.01 poise
0.01/10 = 0.001 N.S/m2
Sp.mass ρ = 1594 kg/m3
Now, kinematics viscosity υ = μ / ρ
0.001/1594 = 6.27 x 10-7 m2 /s.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Find the kinematic viscosity of lubricating oil whose specific gravity is 0.93 and
viscosity is 0.1 N.S/m2
 sp gravity of oil soil = 0.93
viscosity of oil μ = 0.1 N.S/m2
kinematics viscosity υ = ? υ=μ/ρ
ρoil = ? soil = ρoil / ρwater
0.93 = ρoil / 1000 ρ oil = 930 kg/m3
υ = 10 / 930
υ = 1.075 x 10-4 m2 /s.
 Summary of the lecture
Introduction to Viscosity
Definition of Dynamic viscosity
Definition of kinematic viscosity
Rheological diagram
 QUESTIONNAIRE
1) Define absolute viscosity
2) Compare Dynamic viscosity with kinematic viscosity.
3) State and explain Newton’s law of viscosity
4) A fluid a specific gravity of 0.83 and a kinematic
viscosity of 4 x 10 -4 m2/s. What is its absolute viscosity
in S.I. units ?
Thank you