Polity & Constitution

LECTURE-5
• Theme 2 : Territory & Citizenship
• TOPIC 1 : CITIZENSHIP
SUBTOPIC 1 : DIMENSIONS (P1)

Atish Mathur

Website : atishmathur.com | Telegram : Atish Mathur Official | Email : contact@atishmathur.com

 Polity & Constitution
LECTURE-5
• Theme 2 : Territory & Citizenship
• TOPIC 1 : CITIZENSHIP
I
SUBTOPIC 1 : DIMENSIONS (P1)

Atish Mathur

Website : atishmathur.com | Telegram : Atish Mathur Official | Email : contact@atishmathur.com

 THEME 2 : TERRITORY & CITIZENSHIP
• Topic 1 : TERRITORY
• SUB TOPIC 1 : DIMENSIONS (P1, P2)
• SUB TOPIC 2 : POLICY LAYOUT (P1, P2)
• SUBTOPIC 3 : INTERNAL CHANGES & PROCEDURE
WITH CASE STUDIES (P1 + P2) (M2.2)
• SUB TOPIC 4 : EXTERNAL CHANGES & PROCEDURE
WITH CASE STUDIES (P1 + P2) (M2.2)
• SUB TOPIC 5 : DOES INDIA NEED TO RE-
REORGANISE HERSELF? (M2.2)
-
2022
previous
-
• Topic 2 : CITIZENSHIP
• SUB TOPIC 1 : DIMENSIONS (P1) v
• SUB TOPIC 2 : POLICY LAYOUT (P1, P2)
• SUB TOPIC 3 : GAINING INDIAN CITIZENSHIP (P1, P2)
• SUB TOPIC 4 : LOSING INDIAN CITIZENSHIP (P1, P2)
• SUB TOPIC 5 : DOES INDIA NEED TO REVISE HER
CITIZENSHIP LAWS IN ACCORDANCE WITH CHANGING
TIMES? (M1.3, M1.5)
 Prelims Syllabus
Code (P)

• Indian Polity (P1)and Governance-

• Constitution, (P2)
• Political System, (P3)
• Panchayati Raj, (P4)
• Public Policy (Common to Polity, Governance, and Social Justice) (P5)
• Rights Issues, etc. (Common to Polity, Governance, and Social Justice) (P6)
 Mains Syllabus - (Code – M)
General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations.
• Indian Constitution—
• historical underpinnings, (M1.1)
• evolution, (M1.2)
• features, (M1.3)
• amendments, (M1.4)
• significant provisions (M1.5) and
• Basic structure (M1.6)
• Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the
States (M2.1), issues and challenges pertaining to the
federal structure (M2.2)
• devolution of powers and finances up to local
levels and challenges therein. (M2.3)
• Separation of powers between various organs ;
(M3.1)
• Dispute redressal mechanisms and institutions.
(M3.2)
• Comparison of the Indian constitutional scheme with
that of other countries. (M4)
• Parliament and State legislatures—
• Structure, (M5.1)
• functioning, (M5.2)
• conduct of business (M5.3)
• powers & privileges (M5.4) and issues arising out of
these. (applies to all)
• Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive
(M6.1.1…) and the Judiciary (M6.2.1…)—Ministries and
Departments of the Government (M6.1.1…) ; pressure groups
and formal/informal associations and their role in the Polity.
• Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act. (M7.1)
• Appointment to various Constitutional posts, powers,
functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.
(M8.1)
• Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies. (M9.1)
① Common
Law
Nationality, often used as a synonym for
citizenship, is the state of being part of a
nation whether by birth or naturalization or
ties to a specific nation.
Domicile is the country that a person treats
as their permanent home, or lives in and has
a substantial connection with.
9
Key Terms & PotInteLaw
-
Citizenship is the status of a person recognized
under the custom or law as being a legal
member of a sovereign state or belonging to a
- nation
-
-
Residency can also refer to domicile and
is the act of establishing or maintaining a
- residence in each country despite not
necessarily having citizenship.
Nationality Citizenship - Domicile -S

The place or country where a When a person is registered

⑭ ise
Permanent home or place
Residence

Residence implies a purely

person was born as a citizen by the v where a person resides with physical fact, the fact of just
- government of a country the intention of remaining- being and living in a
there for an indefinite period particular place. -

Moral + Racial - Legal v Legal + Geographical Legal + Geographical +

- v
Economic
Can’t be changed ↳ Can be changed v Can be changed but with Can be changed easily
difficulty - -

Single Nationality Single/Double Citizenship Single domicile Multiple

- (Depends on the country) V
-
v
Single – India
Almost universal Almost universal Universal Universal
- - - -

c d b
Choice of I Law
Origin ~
=
 International Terms UNHCR -

• Refugees : Refugees are people fleeing conflict or persecution. They are defined and protected in
# international law and must not be expelled or returned to situations where their life and freedom are at risk.
-
• Internally displaced people : IDPs stay within their own country and remain under the protection of its
# government, even if that government is the reason for their displacement. They often move to areas where
it is difficult for us to deliver humanitarian assistance and as a result, these people are among the most
vulnerable in the world.
• An asylum-seeker is someone whose request for sanctuary has yet to be processed. Every year, around one
# million people seek asylum. National asylum systems are in place to determine who qualifies for
international protection. However, during mass movements of refugees, usually as a result of conflict or
violence, it is not always possible or necessary to conduct individual interviews with every asylum seeker
who crosses a border. These groups are often called ‘prima facie’ refugees.
A• Stateless Persons : person who is not considered as a national by any State under the operation of its law. In
simple terms, this means that a stateless person does -
not have a nationality of any country. Some people are
-

born stateless, but others become stateless.- ->

-
-
↑
>

-
->Ratification
↳ signatory-
-

• UNHCR is governed by the UN

general assembly and the economic
v
and social council (ECOSOC). 2
• HQ - Geneva -
• The 1951 refugee convention and its
1967 protocol are the key legal
-

documents that form the basis

=>

• They define the term ‘refugee’ and

outlines the rights of refugees, as
well as the legal obligations of states
to protect them.
 Negative
Positive +
Revident
-
Q
state
wise
*

⑧
(Pomicle).
CITIZEN
- Geographical I6 m

&
Financial (Eco
- x Revident (NRD -

3 faccation
I vote
~ contest
·public office -

People I
political) Proponly FDY-I+F
~

friendly -
In
->
India legal) -
T
valid documents (
⑧
enemy
-
⑧I
*
NON-CITIZEN

S
PD-1 (
sect except
->

Refugee
↓ Aliens (
X valid documents
Foreigners avegal- 8
only migrant
negative