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Techniques for Separating Mixtures

The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

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50 views8 pages

Techniques for Separating Mixtures

The document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including filtration, using a separating funnel, centrifuging, distillation, evaporation, crystallization, and chromatography. Filtration and separating funnels separate mixtures based on particle size and density. Centrifuging uses high speeds to separate mixtures based on particle size and mass. Distillation and evaporation separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points. Crystallization and chromatography separate mixtures based on differences in solubility.

Uploaded by

joshua.wen3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Separating Mixtures

Separate Ways
Explain filtration as a technique to separate materials
with different particle sizes, usually solids and liquids.

• Filtration is a technique used to separate materials with


different particle sizes, usually solids and liquids.
• Filter paper can be used to separate insoluble substances
from solution, or differently sized solids.
Separate Ways
Identify how liquids of different densities can be separated
using a separating funnel.

• Some liquids (e.g. oil and water) do not mix, even when
stirred.
• These liquids can be separated using a separating funnel,
where one liquid is allowed to flow out the bottom, while
the other is left behind.
Separate Ways
Explore how centrifuging using gravity to separate a
suspension from a solution e.g. blood
• A mixture can be separated by spinning it very quickly.
This method is called centrifuging.
• Larger / heavier particles fall to the bottom of the
container, lighter particles move to the top.
• This process can be used to separate mixtures like blood,
where some cells are larger than others.

don’t try this at home


Separating Solutions
Describe the process of distillation as a technique to
separate liquids with different boiling points, giving one example.
• Liquids often boil at different temperatures.
• Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points
by only heating up the mixture so that one liquid boils.
• To separate water and ethanol, the mixture would need to
heated to around 80 degrees, so that ethanol boils, but
water does not.

Liquid Boiling Point (oC)

Water 100

Ethanol 78
Separating Solutions
Define evaporation and outline how this process is used in the
desalination of water.

• Evaporation works in a similar way to distillation, except


that evaporation does not require the solution to reach
boiling point.
• Over time, water will absorb energy from the
environment and evaporate, leaving behind the solvent.
Separating Solutions
Explain crystallisation.

• Crystallisation occurs when the solvent is removed


slowly enough that particles have time to arrange
themselves into ordered crystal structures.
• e.g. salt water evaporating slowly would leave behind
large salt crystals
Separating Solutions
Explain chromatography.

• Paints, inks, food colouring and dyes are often mixtures


of different colours.
• Since different colours have different solubilities,
chromatography separates out the colours when particles
are carried up the paper strip at different speeds.

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