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Methods of Separating
Mixture
L.S.Antolin
ScienceTeacher
Objectives:xtures

 Identify the different ways of separating

mixtures.

 Determine how the different ways are used to

separate mixtures.

 Identify the ways in which ways of separating

mixtures can be used in daily life.
What are the different ways of separating mixtures?

T C A J Z R V S C J W K X O C
N S B P O W N Y S T S B U R Y
O O H Y E F O F Z Z A Q Y U U
I Y I X E E I J F U Z S F A F
T C B T K A A L M A T A N U C
A Y H P A R G O T A M O R H C
R N S L F L C H L R I W L B P
O T W V I Z L L E T A E L J I
P F W K P M I I A K P T E Q C
A O P E A Z Z T T S Y E I E K
V S G G A H N Q A S Q L N O I
E N N T S A T E V E I S G U N
C E I N C R N Y F F G D X W G
T O P E S U B L I M A T I O N
N I D J Q F C P O Q H Q T L X
A mixture…ixture….

o consists of two or more different

substances that are mixed but not
chemically combined.

o they do not have well defined specific

properties.

o can be separated into its components by

physical means.
Examples of Mixtures

Rock-mixture of Sandwich-
different kinds of rocks mixture of bread,
meat, tomato

Soda- mixture of
sugar and water
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Separating Mixtures

 Substances in a mixture are physically

combined, so processes bases on differences in
physical properties are used to separate
component

 Numerous techniques have been developed to

separate mixtures to study components
What are the different ways of separating mixtures?
 Hand Picking
 Winnowing
 Sieving
 Magnetic Attraction
 Sublimation
 Evaporation
 Crystallization
 Sedimentation & Decantation
 Filtration
 Distillation
 Centrifugation
 Paper Chromatography
 Extraction
Hand Picking
 The components of a solid-solid mixture
can be separated by hand picking.

 This is only useful when the particles are

large enough to be seen clearly.

For example
• separating pebbles from rice or dal,
• separating grass from mint leaves, and
• separating parts of a salad.
Winnowing
 In Winnowing the mixture is allowed to
fall from a height.

 The lighten components get separated

from the heavier ones because of wind
or air blow.

 This method is used to separate lighter

husk from heavier Grains like wheat.
Sieving

Sieving is used to separate a dry mixture

which contains substances of different sizes
by passing it through a sieve.
 A sieve is a device containing tiny holes
and separates wanted elements from
unwanted material.
Magnetic Attraction or Magnetism
Magnetism is
a process in
which
magnetically
susceptible
material is
extracted
from a
mixture
using a
magnetic
force.
A magnet
 Canbe used to separate a magnetic substance
from a non-magnetic substance
Sublimation

The process in
which a solid
changes directly
into gaseous
state on heating
is called
sublimation.

Examples of solids that sublime are

iodine and naphthalene.
Evaporation

Evaporation is a process in which a liquid

changes into gaseous form on heating.
Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving
the soluble solid behind.
 Evaporation
•Evaporation method is
applicable when a
mixture has a
nonvolatile component
dissolved in a solution.
•The sought substance
is the non-volatile
substance. The solvent
is volatile and can be
removed by
evaporation.
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Filtration

 Used to separate heterogeneous

mixtures composed of solids and
liquids

 Usesa porous barrier to separate

the solid from the liquid

 Liquid passes through leaving the

solid in the filter paper
Filtration can be
used to separate an
insoluble substance
from a soluble
substance
Filtration
 Filtration
is used to separate an insoluble solid
from a liquid.
Funnel with
filter paper

   


 
Insoluble solid 
trapped in 
filter paper 




Methods of Separating Mixtures
 Filtration
is also used to separate an insoluble
solid from an soluble solid.
Funnel with
filter paper

   

Soluble solid dissolved 
 
Insoluble solid
in the solvent and  trapped in
dripping through  filter paper





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Distillation

 Usedto separate
homogeneous
mixtures
 Based on
differences in
boiling points of
substances
involved
 Distillation
 Distillation
is used to separate a soluble solid
solute from a liquid solvent.

Hot liquid Condensing arm

solvent
vapors

Pure solvent
Solution of a
Pure solid
solid dissolved in
solute remains
a liquid
 Distillationcan also be used to separate a soluble
liquid solute from a liquid solvent.

Hot vapors
of liquid Condensing arm
w / lower b.p.

Distilled liquid
Solution of a
w / lower b.p.
liquid
dissolved
Liquid win/ a
second
higherliquid
b.p.
 Distillationcan also be used to separate a soluble
liquid solute from a liquid solvent.

Still
 The solution is boiled and steam is
driven off.

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

 Salt remains after all water is
boiled off.

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

 No chemical change occurs when
salt water is distilled.

Distillation
(physical method)

Salt

Saltwater solution Pure water

(homogeneous mixture)

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40

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Crystallization
 Separation technique that
results in the formation of
pure solid particles from a
solution containing the
dissolved substance

 As one substance evaporates,

the dissolved substance
comes out of solution and
collects as crystals

 Produces highly pure solids

 Rocky candy is an example

of this
Crystallization

Crystallization is a process which separates

a pure solid in the form of its crystals
from a saturated solution.
Sedimentation and Decantation

Sedimentation is the process by which the

insoluble, heavy solid particles settle down their
own in a solution. In order to separate the two,
the liquid has to be gently poured into another
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Decantation
 Decanting is done to
separate particulates
from a liquid by
allowing the solids to
settle to the bottom of
the mixture and
pouring off the
particle-free part of
the liquid. Another
method is to allow
two immiscible liquids
to separate and the
lighter liquid is poured
off.
+ Centrifuging 35
•Centrifuges rotate containers of 36

liquids to separate suspended

materials with different densities.

•Centrifuges separate different components

of human blood or milk and to clarify
solutions. A high speed separator can
rotate at great speed to separate fat
(cream) from milk.

•The spin drier in washing machines is a

type of centrifuge that throws out the
liquid by the "centrifugal force" of the
rotation.
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Chromatography
 Separates components of a
mixture based on ability of each
component to be drawn across
the surface of another material

 Mixture is usually liquid and is

usually drawn across
chromatography paper

 Separation occurs because

various components travel at
different rates

 Components with strongest

attraction for paper travel the
slowest
Paper Chromatography used to separate
out one color from a mixture of colors.

Paper Chromatography
oExamples:

Using chromatography paper to separate

ink into it’s original components
Chromatography

 Tie-dye t-shirt

 Black pen ink

 DNA testing
 Tomb of Unknown Soldiers
 Crime scene
 Paternity testing
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• Chromatography ( colour writing) is

used to separate small amounts of
chemicals so that they can be
analysed.
• Different substances or different
components move at different speeds
through a strip of wet paper a gel or a
gas.
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Extraction

 Extractionis used to isolate natural

products from plant and animal tissues
in water solutions.
A solvent which is water immiscible,
like ether, is used as extracting solvent.
 Extractionis carried out in a
separatory funnel.
Review Questions

Exercise 1
Consists of two or more different
substances that are mixed but not
chemically combined.

a. mixture
b. compound
c. substance
d. solution
Answer

Exercise 1
 a. mixture
Exercise 2
A ____________________ is that which does not
have the same composition throughout,
that is, its components are not uniformly
distributed and can be distinguished from
each other.

a. mixture
b. compound
c. heterogeneous mixture
d. homogeneous mixture
Answer

Exercise 2
 c. heterogeneous mixture
Exercise 3
A ____________________ is that which has the
same composition throughout, that is, its
components are uniformly distributed and
cannot be distinguished from each other.

a. mixture
b. compound
c. heterogeneous mixture
d. homogeneous mixture
Answer

Exercise 3
 d. homogeneous mixture
Exercise 4
This is a process in which magnetically
susceptible material is extracted from a
mixture using a magnetic force.

a. sieving
b. filtration
c. paper chromatography
d. magnetic attraction
Answer

Exercise 5
 d. magnetic attraction
Exercise 5

Question :

What are the different ways of separating

mixtures.
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