1. Structural notation of myristic 1.

14:0
acid
2. stearic acid 2. 18:0
3. oleic acid 3. 18:1
4. linoleic acid 4. 18:2
5. lauric acid 5. 12:0
6. arachidic acid 6. 20:0
7. arachidonic acid 7. 20:4
8. palmitic acid 8. 16:0
9. palmitoleic acid 9. 16:1
10. linolenic acid 10. 18:3
11. EPA 11. 20:5
12. DHA 12. 22:6
13. What sphingolipidoses have a 13. Farber disease
hoarse cry symptom?
14. Have same neurologic symptoms 14. Sandhoff disease
as Tay-Sachs but with visceral
involvement as well
15. Progressive paralysis and 15. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
dementia in infantile form
16. Globoid bodies in white matter of 16. Krabbe disease
brain
17. subcutaneous nodules of 17. Farber disease
lipid-laden cells
18. Nerves stain yellowish-brown 18. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
with cresyl violet
19. Osteoporosis in long bones 19. Gaucher disease
20. glycolipid-laden macrophages 20. Globoid bodies
21. Tissues shows granulomas 21. Farber disease
22. Multiple sulfatase deficiency due 22. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
to defect in post-translational
modification of several
sulfatases.
23. Mental and motor deterioration 23. Krabbe disease
24. Reddish purple skin rash 24. Fabry disease
25. Demyelination 25. Metachromatic disease
26. Neurologic deterioration 26. GM1 Gangliosides
27. Burning pain in lower extremities 27. Fabry disease
28. Painful and progressive joint 28. Farber disease
deformities
29. Neurodegenerative course (Type 29. Niemann-pick disease
A)
30. Cognitive deterioration 30. Metachromatic leukodystrophy
31. Most common lysosomal storage 31. Gaucher disease
disease
32. Rapid, progressive, and fatal 32. Tay-Sachs disease
neurodegeneration
33. Neurologic deterioration 33. GM1 Gangliosidosis
34. CNS involvement in rare infantile 34. Gaucher disease
and juvenile forms
35. Near-total loss of myelin 35. Krabbe disease
36. Skeletal deformities 36. GM1 Gangliosidosis
37. What sphingolipidoses diseases 37. - GM1 Gangliosidosis
have cherry-red macula as a - Tay-Sachs disease
symptom? (4) - Sandhoff disease
- Niemann-pick disease
38. hepatosplenomegaly? (2) 38. - GM1 Gangliosidosis
- Gaucher disease
39. blindness? (2) 39. - Tay-Sachs disease
- Krabbe disease
40. seizure 40. Tay-Sachs disease
41. Kidney and heart failure 41. Fabry disease
42. All of the diseases are autosomal 42. Fabry disease
recessive except?
43. Defective enzyme of farber 43. Ceramidase
disease
44. Defective enzyme of 44. Arylsulfatase A
Metachromatic leukodystrophy
45. Sandhoff disease 45. B-Hexosaminidase A (B-subunit)
and B
46. Tay-sachs disease 46. B-Hexosaminidase A (a-subunit)
47. Fabry disease 47. a-galactosidase
48. Niemann-pick disease 48. sphingomyelinase
49. Gangliosidosis 49. B-galactosidase 1
50. Krabbe disease 50. B- galactocerebrosidase
51. Gaucher disease 51. Glucocerebrosidase (B-glucosidase)
52. C27 steroid 52. cholesterol
53. carry cholesterol from the liver to 53. LDL
various cells or tissues of the
body
54. carry excess cholesterol from 54. HDL
body tissues back to the liver
55. In cholesterol, it is considered as 55. OH group on carbon 3
the head of the molecule.
56. Protein carrier system 56. Lipoprotein
57. most abundant steroid in the 57. Cholesterol
human body, in nerve tissue, and
in brain tissue.
58. every 100mL of human blood 58. 500 mg
plasma contains how much free
cholesterol.
59. How much cholesterol is 59. 170 mg
esterified with various FA every
100mL of human blood?
60. Cholesterol is sparingly soluble in 60. water
61. Typically, how much cholesterol is 61. 800-1000 mg
biosynthesized everyday?
62. a major cholesterol transport 62. LDL
protein
63. transport TAG from the liver to 63. VLDL
adipose tissue
64. is a mound of lipid material mixed 64. Atherosclerosis
with smooth muscle cells and
calcium.
65. Chylomicrons are composed of: 65. - Highest TAG
- Lowest cholesterol
66. VLDL generates? 66. LDL
67. Liver and intestine generates? 67. HDL
68. Are responsible for the transport 68. HDL
of 20% to 30% of serum
cholesterol.
69. is considered BAD FAT 69. LDL
70. LDL are composed of: 70. - Low TAG
- Highest cholesterol
71. HDL are composed of: 71. - Lowest TAG
- High cholesterol
72. VLDL are composed of: 72. - High TAG
- Low cholesterol
73. HDL comprises _____ of total 73. 60% to 70%
serum cholesterol.
74. a form of cardiovascular disease 74. Atherosclerosis
characterized by the buildup of
plaque along the inner walls of
arteries.
75. is a lipid-based structure that 75. cell membrane
separates a cell’s aqueous-based
interior from the aqueous
environment surrounding the cell.
76. 3 distinct parts of the bilayer 76. - exterior polar heads
- interior polar heads
- central nonpolar tails
77. 2 types of membrane proteins 77. - Integral membrane proteins
- Peripheral membrane proteins
78. low to high concentration 78. Active transport
79. is a two-layer thick structure of 79. Lipid bilayer
phospholipids and glycolipids in
80. The nonpolar tails of the lipids 80. - middle
are in the ____ of the structure - outside
and the polar heads are on the
_____ surfaces of the structure.
81. Most lipid molecules in the bilayer 81. one unsaturated FA
contain at least ________.
82. They regulate membrane rigidity. 82. Cholesterol molecules
83. The bilayer is held together by 83. intermolecular interactions
84. high to low concentration and 84. Facilitated transport
needs energy
85. proteins serve as pumps 85. Active transport
86. molecules that crosses facilitated 86. - Glucose
transport: - chloride ion
- bicarbonate ion
87. active transport: 87. - sodium
- potassium
- hydronium ions
88. passive transport: 88. - O2
- N2
- H2O
- CO2
- urea
- ethanol
89. 5-10% of drugs are transported 89. Active transport
this way
90. Drug binds with an intrinsic factor 90. Facilitated transport
carrier like vitamin B12.
91. 90% of drugs are transported 91. Passive transport
across biologic membranes.
92. is a substance that can disperse 92. emulsifier
and stabilize water-insoluble
substances as colloidal particles
in an aqueous solution.
93. is a cholesterol derivative 93. bile acids
94. is a fluid containing emulsifying 94. bile
agents that is secreted by the
liver, stored in the gallbladder,
and released into the small
intestine during digestion.
95. Bile acids are conjugated with 95. taurine or glycine
_________ residues
96. breakdown products of 96. bile pigments
hemoglobin, cholesterol itself,
and electrolytes.
97. bile acids are obtained by 97. oxidation of cholesterol
98. The medium through which bile 98. bile
acids are supplied to the small
intestine is ______.
99. is a biochemical substance, 99. hormones
produced by a ductless gland,
that has a messenger function.
100. is a hormone that is a 100. steroid hormone
cholesterol derivative.
101. prepare the lining of the 101. progestins
uterus for implantation of the
fertilized ovum and also suppress
ovulation.
102. regulate numerous 102. Adrenocorticoid hormones
biochemical processes in the
body.
103. estrogens are synthesized in 103. ovaries and adrenal cortex
the
104. control reproduction and 104. sex hormones
secondary sex characteristics
105. progestins are synthesized in 105. ovaries and placenta
the
106. promote the development of 106. Androgens
male secondary sex
characteristics and also promote
muscle growth 107. oral contraceptive pills
107. are used to suppress
ovulation as a method of birth
control. 108. Mineralocorticoids
108. stimulates renal reabsorption
of Na+ and excretion of K+. 109. Estrogens
109. responsible for the
development of female
secondary sec characteristics at
the onset of puberty 110. - Sex hormones
110. Major classes of steroid - adrenocorticoid hormones
hormones: 111. Estradiol
111. most commonly measured
type of estrogen for nonpregnant
women. 112. Estrone
112. may be measured in women
who have gone through
menopause to determine their
estrogen levels. 113. Estriol
113. is produced in large amounts
by the placenta. It is only
measured during pregnancy. 114. RU-486
114. a synthetic abortion drug 115. Norethynodrel
115. a synthetic progestin 116. Methandrostenolone
116. a synthetic tissue-building
steroid 117. - synthetic estrogen
117. Oral contraceptive pills are - synthetic progestin
generally a mixture of: 118. Glucocorticoid
118. control glucose metabolism
and counteract inflammation 119. progesterone
119. RU-486 is similar in structure
to
120. are used as prescription drugs
to control inflammatory diseases
such as rheumatoid arthritis.
121. Adrenocorticoids hormones or
corticosteroids (2)
122. methandrostenolone is similar
to that of the naturally occuring…
123. 2 natural hormones
124. 2 synthetic steroids
125. interferes with gestation of a
fertilized egg and terminates a
pregnancy within the first nine
weeks of gestation more
effectively and safely than
surgical methods.
126. Produced primarily by
platelets
127. Produced by most tissues
128. produced in leukocytes,
platelets, mast cells, and heart
and lung vascular tissues
129. Produced primarily by
endothelium of vessels
130. Vasoconstriction
131. Bronchoconstriction
132. Vasodilation
133. Produced by most tissues,
especially kidney
134. Increased chemotaxis of
polymorphonuclear leukocytes
135. Inhibits platelets aggregation
136. Mobilizes intracellular calcium
137. used to induce labor
138. involved in the
pathophysiology of asthma
139. stimulates uterine
contractions
120. cortisone and prednisolone
121. - Mineralocorticoids
- glucocorticoid
122. testosterone
123. - Aldosterone
- Cortisol
124. - Cortisone
- Prednisolone
125. RU-486
126. TXA2 (Thromboxane A2)
127. PGF2a ( Prostaglandin F2a)
128. LTA4 ( Leukotriene A4)
129. PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
130. PGF2a ( Prostaglandin F2a)
131. LTC4 - LTD4 - LTE4
132. - PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
- PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2)
133. PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2)
134. LTB4 (Leukotriene B4)
135. PGI2 (Prostacyclin)
136. TXA2 (Thromboxane A2)
137. PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2)
138. LTC4 - LTD4 - LTE4
139. PGF2a ( Prostaglandin F2a)
140. adhesion of white blood cells 140. LTB4 (Leukotriene B4)
141. contraction of smooth muscle 141. - TXA2 (Thromboxane A2)
(2) - PGF2a ( Prostaglandin F2a)
142. relaxed smooth muscle 142. PGE2 (Prostaglandin E2)
143. release of lysosomal enzymes 143. LTB4 (Leukotriene B4)
144. is an oxygenated C20 fatty 144. eicosanoid
acid derivative
145. eikos is a greek word means 145. 20
146. principal types of eicosanoids 146. - prostaglandins
- thromboxanes
- leukotrienes
147. characteristics of eicosanoids 147. - produced by all cells, except RBC
- Have profound physiological
effects at extremely low
concentrations
- hormone like
- have very short life
148. promote formation of blood 148. Thromboxanes
clots.
149. raising body temperature, 149. Prostaglandins
inhibiting the secretion of gastric
juices
150. various inflammatory and 150. Leukotrienes
hypersensitivity (allergy)
responses.
151. is a lipid that is a monoester 151. biological wax
of long-chain FA and a long chain
alcohol.
152. is a mixture of waxes obtained 152. Lanolin
from sheep wool.
153. How many FA carbon atoms 153. 14 to 36 atoms
do biological waxes have?
154. How many alcohol carbon 154. 16 to 30 carbon atoms
atoms do biological waxes have?
155. is a hard wax whose uses 155. Carnauba wax
involve high-gloss finishes:
automobile wax, boat wax, and
shoe wax.
156. FA found in biological waxes 156. saturated
are generally
157. alcohol found in biological 157. saturated or unsaturated
waxes may be
158. protect hair and skin and to 158. biological waxes
keep it pliable and lubricated.
159. is used as a base for skin 159. Lanolin
creams and ointments intended
to enhance retention of water.
160. Obtained from a species of 160. Carnauba wax
Brazilian palm tree