RESULTS

1. Raw results
Name Value
Raw fresh pineapple 1100 g
Washing and mechanical processing pineapple 600 g
Cutting pineapple slices 590 g
Grinding pineapple juice
Mass 510 g
Volume 700 ml
pH 3.84
Enzyme pectinase incubation
Mass 2.1 g
Pre filtering
Mass 440 g
Volume 480 ml
Brix 14°𝐵x
Heating
Diatomite filter aid 4.4 g
Mass 400 g
Volume 420 ml
Fine filtering
Mass 360 g
Volume 400 ml
Mixing
Saccharose syrup (59°𝐵x) 11 ml
Brix 15°𝐵x
Final product
Mass 240 g
Volume 270 ml
Table: Summary of raw results
2. Mass balance
2.1 Washing and mechanical treatment
Mass of raw fresh pineapple: 1100 (g)
Mass of pineapple after washing and mechanical treatment: 600 (g)
Mass of loss: 1100 – 600 = 500 (g)
mloss 500
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 45.45%
mraw 1100
The loss rate is high because the head accounts for the part of the pineapple's mass. In
addition, the mechanical processing also removes the head, and some damaged parts so
increase the loss rate.

2.2 Cutting slices

Mass of pineapple after washing and mechanical treatment: 600 (g)
Mass of pineapple after cutting slices: 590 (g)
Mass of loss: 600 – 590 = 10 (g)
mloss 10
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 1.67%
m pineapple 600

During this process, there is very little loss, because most of the unused parts have been
eliminated at the washing and mechanical processing step.

2.3 Grinding pineapple juice

Mass of pineapple after cutting slices: 590 (g)
Mass of pineapple juice after grinding: 510 (g)
Mass of loss: 590 – 510 = 80 (g)
m loss 80
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 13.56%
m slices 590

The main loss in this stage is that when the pineapple juice is taken out, all of the whole
pineapple juice cannot be collected and it is still in the walls and on the lid of the blender.

2.4 Enzyme pectinase incubation

Mass of pineapple after grinding: 510 (g)
Volume of pineapple after grinding: 700 (ml)
We have Enzyme pectinase 0.3% so we need:
700 x 0.3% = 2.1 (ml)
There is no loss during this process
2.5 Pre filtering
Mass of pineapple juice before pre filtering: 510 (g)
Mass of pineapple juice after pre filtering: 440 (g)
Mass of loss: 510 – 440 = 70 (g)
mloss 70
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 13.73%
m juice before pre filtering 510

The main loss in the pre filtration process is filtrate the residue in the filter bag.

2.6 Heating
Mass of pineapple juice before heating: 440 (g)
Mass of pineapple juice after pre filtering: 400 (g)
We have Diatomite filter aid 1% so we need:
440 x 1% = 4.4 (g)
Mass of loss: 440 + 4.4 – 400 = 44.4 (g)
mloss 44.4
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 10.09%
m juice before heating 440

Losses during the heating process occur due to heating the juice, the juice will partially
evaporate. Besides, a part of pineapple juice also sticks to the spoon and the pot.

2.7 Fine filtering

Mass of pineapple juice before fine filtering: 400 (g)
Mass of pineapple juice after fine filtering: 360 (g)
Mass of loss: 400 – 360 = 40 (g)
mloss 40
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 10%
m juice before fine filtering 400

The loss of pineapple juice in the fine filtration process is mainly due to the remaining
pineapple juice in the beaker before putting it into the funnel for vacuum filtration, and a
part of the pineapple juice also sticks up when filtrated and stuck in filter papers.
2.8 Mixing
Mass of pineapple juice after fine filtering: 360 (g)
Brix of the pineapple juice: 14°𝐵x
We need the brix of the pineapple juice is 15°𝐵x so we add 11 ml of the syrup with the
brix of 59°𝐵x
We have the equation:
360 x 14 + 11 x 59 = M x 15 (M is the final mass of the juice)
Calcuting the equation, we have M = 379.27 (g)
There is no loss during this process

2.9 Final product

Mass of pineapple juice after mixing: 379.27 (g)
However, we only use 240 gram of the juice to put into the glass bottle
So there were pineapple that we didn’t put into the glass bottle
Mass of excess: 379.27 – 240 = 139.27 (g)
mexcess 139.27
% loss = x 100% = x 100% = 36.72%
m juice 379.27

The loss is the excess pineapple juice that we didn’t put into the glass bottle.

3. Summary of yield
Process Yield Reason
loss (%)
Washing and 45.45 The loss rate is high because the head accounts for the part of
mechanical the pineapple's mass. In addition, the mechanical processing
processing also removes the head, and some damaged parts so increase the
loss rate
Cutting slices 1.67 Very little loss because most of the unused parts have been
eliminated at the washing and mechanical processing step
Grinding juice 13.56 The main loss is that when the pineapple juice is taken out, all
of the whole pineapple juice cannot be collected and it is still in
the walls and on the lid of the blender
Enzyme 0 No loss
 pectinase
incubation
Pre filtering 13.73 The main loss is filtrate the residue in the filter bag
Heating 10.09 Losses occur due to heating the juice, the juice will partially
evaporate. Besides, a part of pineapple juice also sticks to the
spoon and the pot
Fine filtering 10 The loss of pineapple juice is mainly due to the remaining
pineapple juice in the beaker before putting it into the funnel for
vacuum filtration, and a part of the pineapple juice also sticks up
when filtrated and stuck in filter papers
Mixing 0 No loss
Final product 36.72 The loss is the excess pineapple juice that we didn’t put into the
glass bottle.
Table: Summary of yield in each step
Mass of the pineapple juice: 379.27 (g)
Mass of all ingredients:
M = mraw pineapple + msyrup + menzyme pectinase
= 1100 + 11 + 2.1 = 1113.1 (g)
m product 379.27
Yield of the product: x 100% = x 100% = 34.07%
mraw ingredients 1113 . 1