reliability.

Engine designers and fuel manufacturers take these factors into account to ensure that
engines can operate effectively under a wide range of operating conditions and environmental
temperatures.

Boiling and freezing range vs Density of petroleum based liquid fuels

Gasoline, HSD, LDO, furnace oil and kerosene are products of petroleum distillation. They are
composed of C and H in various proportions. They contain a mixture of what are known as
straight chain compounds (like the family of methane, ethane, propane etc.) and aromatics (like
Benzene, Toluene etc.).

Gasolines vaporise better than kerosene. Kerosene comes in a wide range. They include those used
at home as well as those meant for the gas turbines of aircraft, called Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF).

The ATF is a refined kerosene, particularly eliminating Sulphur so that the life of turbine blades
(which experience the combusted hot gases of fuel-air mixture) is extended.

Gasolines are most extensively used in reciprocating Spark Ignition (SI) engines. They vaporise
easily and are mixed with air in right proportions before entering the combustion chamber.

Diesel fuels are used in compression ignition (CI) engines where spark is not needed. These
engines work at much higher compression ratio than gasoline engines. The fuel is injected in the
form of spray into hot compressed air. The fuel ignites by the heat produced in compression process
and combustion follows.