The entire range of flames are either any of these two extremes or a combination of these two

types.

Studying flames allows scientists and engineers to understand the dynamics of combustion
processes, optimize combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, and develop safer and more
efficient combustion technologies for various applications.

The motivation for understanding combustion to design combustor for various applications, arises
from two primary reasons:

• The systems are too complex to be understood easily and trial and error techniques of
design simply doesn’t work.
• Moreover, systems are so large, that trial and error techniques are far too expensive to
practice.

A better understanding doesn’t always imply generation of a design procedure. It gives an insight
into the way things work and hence significantly reduces the dependence on the trial-and-error
techniques.

Fuels
Anything which is combustible is termed as fuel. Fuel on combustion give large amount of energy
especially thermal energy. Amount of energy produced and the efficiency with which it burns rates
the quality of fuel.

Definition
Fuels are substances that undergo combustion or other chemical reactions to produce heat, light,
or other forms of energy. They are commonly used to power machinery, generate electricity,
provide heat for cooking and heating, and fuel transportation vehicles. Fuels come in various forms
and can be classified based on their physical state, chemical composition, and energy content.

Fuel to be burned are of various types

• Gaseous
• Liquid
• Solid

among liquid fuels, one has variety of conditions of combustion those at near ambient pressure
and those at very high pressure like in rocket engine combustors.

The liquid fuels in some situations, vaporize and combust with air, as in kerosene stoves.

In some others, liquid fuels are sprayed through injectors, and the fine droplets burn up in an
oxidiser rich environment like in furnace or gas turbine combustors.