Dr.

AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

[An Autonomous Institution, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum and Aided by Government of Karnataka] Near
Janna Bharathi Campus, Mallathalli, Bangalore-560056

SYNOPSIS OF

TECHNICAL SEMINAR

on
“LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi Indoor Networking”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY

Pavan Kumar S C 1DA20EC098

Under the guidance of

Department of Electronics and Communication, Dr. AIT

 SYNOPSIS
LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi Indoor Networking

ABSTRACT

In today's digital age, the demand for high-speed, reliable indoor networking solutions
is ever-growing. This seminar explores the cutting-edge technologies of LiFi (Light
Fidelity) and the integration of Hybrid WiFi/LiFi systems, presenting them as
promising alternatives to conventional WiFi. LiFi utilizes visible light communication
to transmit data, offering unprecedented speed and security while circumventing the
limitations of traditional radio frequency-based WiFi. Furthermore, the amalgamation
of Hybrid WiFi/LiFi systems combines the strengths of both technologies, creating
adaptable and resilient indoor networking environments. By delving into the
fundamental principles of LiFi, its technological advancements, and practical
applications, this seminar sheds light on the transformative potential of LiFi and
Hybrid WiFi/LiFi integration in revolutionizing indoor networking landscapes.

As the demand for high-speed, reliable indoor networking solutions continues to

surge, conventional WiFi, once the cornerstone of wireless communication, finds
itself grappling with inherent limitations such as signal interference, bandwidth
congestion, and security vulnerabilities. In response to these challenges, a new wave
of innovative technologies has emerged, promising to redefine the boundaries of
indoor networking efficiency and performance. Among these groundbreaking
advancements, LiFi (Light Fidelity) stands out as a beacon of light, quite literally,
offering a paradigm shift in the way we conceive and implement indoor
communication infrastructures.
INTRODUCTION

In today’s digital landscape, characterized by an insatiable hunger for connectivity and

data exchange, the evolution of indoor networking technologies plays a pivotal role in
shaping our interconnected future. LiFi represents a revolutionary approach to data
transmission, harnessing visible light communication to achieve unprecedented speeds
and security levels. Unlike its radio frequency-based counterpart, LiFi utilizes the
expansive bandwidth of the visible light spectrum to transmit data, enabling gigabit-
per-second transfer rates that surpass the capabilities of traditional WiFi networks. By
modulating the intensity of LED light sources, LiFi establishes a dynamic
communication link between transmitters and receivers, facilitating high-speed data
exchange within confined indoor environments. This inherent capability not only
addresses the burgeoning bandwidth demands of modern applications but also holds
the potential to unlock a myriad of innovative use cases across various sectors,
ranging from healthcare and retail to transportation and manufacturing.

Moreover, the security advantages offered by LiFi are equally compelling, as data
transmission occurs within the confines of physical light boundaries, minimizing the
risk of interception or unauthorized access. In an era marked by escalating
cybersecurity threats and heightened privacy concerns, the intrinsic security features
of LiFi emerge as a beacon of reassurance, offering a shield against potential breaches
and data compromises within indoor networking environments.

However, while the promise of LiFi is undeniable, its widespread adoption faces
practical challenges, including infrastructure requirements, line-of-sight limitations,
and compatibility concerns.
LITERATURE REVIEW

In [1], Due to the limited resources of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum and the
dense establishment of WiFi hubs, radio systems will have difficulty meeting the
growing demand for mobile Internet, especially in the fifth and higher generations of
cellular networks. To deal with the shortage of RF spectrum, using LiFi technology is
recommended.

In [2], In LiFi, using light as a carrier, a wide spectrum (around 300 THz) can be
achieved. For example, LiFi with a light emitting diode (LED) can achieves data rates
above 10 Gbps.

In [3], Hybrid WiFi/LiFi network uses fast data transfer from LiFi technology and
wide coverage area from WiFi hybrid WiFi/LiFi can complement the shortcomings of
each of these technologies. Hybrid WiFi/LiFi can use the LiFi fast data transfer and
WiFi wide coverage.

In [4], The hybrid WiFi/LiFi networks have better performance than either LiFi or
WiFi systems separately.

In [5], Discussing the advances in RF-based wireless and free-space-optical (FSO)

technologies and explore the potential for integration of them as a single field of
study.

In [6], Discussing the outdoor terrestrial optical wireless communication (OWC) links
which operate in near FSO communication.

In [7], Discussing the classification of the main features of wireless-optical integration

and provide a comprehensive compilation of the latest architectures, integrated
technologies, quality of service (QoS) features, and dynamic bandwidth allocation
(DBA) schemes.

In [8], Discussing the key technologies for realizing LiFi and present the indoor
optical wireless channel model, the visible light communication (VLC) modulation
techniques with user satisfaction, OFDM in VLC, optical multi input multi output
(MIMO), optical spatial modulation, multiple user access, resource allocation,
interference management and hybrid LiFi schemes.

In [9], Discussing the general characteristics of WiFi and VLC (or LiFi) and
demonstrate a practical framework for both technologies to coexist.

In [10], Discussing the critical challenges in advancing 5G networks, fuelled by the

utilization of the network function virtualization, the software defined radio, and the
software defined networks techniques.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

In the realm of indoor networking, the quest for higher data rates, improved
reliability, and enhanced security has spurred the development of advanced
technologies poised to redefine the communication landscape. Traditional WiFi,
operating within the crowded radio frequency spectrum, faces challenges such
as interference, limited bandwidth, and susceptibility to security breaches. In
contrast, LiFi (Light Fidelity) harnesses visible light communication to transmit
data, offering an array of technical advantages that position it as a promising
alternative to conventional WiFi.

Key technical considerations in Hybrid WiFi/LiFi integration include network

synchronization, handover mechanisms, and resource allocation algorithms to
optimize the utilization of both WiFi and LiFi channels. Seamless mobility
support and interoperability between WiFi and LiFi protocols are essential for
ensuring uninterrupted connectivity and user experience.

This seminar aims to delve into the technical intricacies of LiFi and Hybrid
WiFi/LiFi integration, providing insights into modulation techniques, channel
access protocols, and synchronization mechanisms. By understanding the
underlying principles and challenges associated with these technologies,
participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of their potential
applications and implications for indoor networking ecosystems. Through real-
world case studies and experimental demonstrations, this seminar seeks to
empower attendees with the knowledge and tools needed to navigate the
evolving landscape of indoor communication technologies and drive innovation
in their respective fields.

ADVANTAGES

 High-Speed Data Transmission

 Increased Bandwidth
 Enhanced Security
 Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference
 Low Latency
 Energy Efficiency
 Flexibility and Scalability
 Improved User Experience

LIMITATIONS

 Line-of-Sight Requirement
 Limited Coverage Range
 Interference from Ambient Light
 Infrastructure Requirements
 Mobility and Handover Challenges
APPLICATIONS

 Indoor Wireless Connectivity: LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi integration are

well-suited for providing high-speed wireless connectivity in indoor
environments where traditional WiFi may face limitations.
 Healthcare: In healthcare settings, LiFi can be used to transmit medical data
with high speed and security, facilitating real-time monitoring of patient vitals,
medical imaging, and telemedicine consultations
 Retail: LiFi technology enables retailers to offer personalized in-store
experiences through location-based services, indoor navigation, and targeted
advertising. Hybrid WiFi/LiFi integration can support inventory management
systems, digital signage, and customer engagement platforms, enhancing the
retail experience for shoppers.
 Education: LiFi can revolutionize the classroom environment by enabling
interactive learning experiences, multimedia content delivery, and collaborative
projects.
 Smart Lighting: LiFi-enabled LED luminaires can serve dual purposes as both
lighting fixtures and data communication devices. In smart lighting systems,
LiFi technology can be used for energy-efficient illumination while
simultaneously providing high-speed wireless connectivity.
 Transportation: LiFi technology can enhance connectivity in transportation
systems, such as trains, buses, and airports, providing passengers with high-
speed internet access and entertainment services during their journey
 Manufacturing and Industrial IoT: LiFi technology can provide reliable and
secure connectivity in manufacturing facilities and industrial environments,
supporting machine-to-machine communication, robotic automation, and asset
tracking systems.
  Smart Cities: LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi integration can play a crucial role in
the development of smart city initiatives by providing high-speed, secure
connectivity for various applications.

FUTURE SCOPE

1. 5G Integration: As 5G networks continue to roll out globally, there is

potential for integration with LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi systems to create
heterogeneous networks (HetNets). Combining the strengths of 5G cellular
networks with LiFi's high-speed, low-latency capabilities can enhance indoor
coverage, capacity, and user experience.
2. Internet of Things (IoT) Integration: LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi systems can
play a crucial role in supporting the proliferation of IoT devices and
applications. By providing high-speed, secure connectivity, these technologies
enable seamless integration of IoT sensors, actuators, and smart devices.
3. LiFi Beyond Indoor Environments: While LiFi is primarily deployed in
indoor environments, there is potential for its expansion into outdoor
applications, particularly in urban environments where traditional WiFi may
face congestion and interference challenges.
4. LiFi for LiDAR and Localization: LiFi technology can be integrated with
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems for precise localization and
mapping in indoor environments. By leveraging LiFi signals for ranging and
positioning, LiDAR-equipped devices can achieve high accuracy in tracking
and navigation applications, benefiting industries such as robotics, augmented
reality, and indoor navigation.
5. Standardization and Interoperability: The development of standardized
protocols and interoperability frameworks for LiFi and Hybrid WiFi/LiFi
systems will be crucial for widespread adoption and seamless integration with
existing networking technologies. Organizations such as the IEEE (Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and the LiFi Consortium are actively
working towards establishing industry standards to promote interoperability
and compatibility across different LiFi implementations.
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