Department of Chemical Engineering, NITK

Heat Transfer (CH250)

Assignment – III (Forced Convection)
PART-A
1. Air at atmospheric pressure and at 37.8oC flows with a velocity of 0.915
m/s along a flat plate. Determine the boundary layer thickness and the local
drag coefficient at a distance of 0.61 m from the leading edge of the plate.
Also calculate the drag force for 0.61 m length of the plate. The physical
properties of air are, ρ = 1.126 kg/m3 and ν = 0.167×10-4 m2/s.

2. A highly viscous liquid flows through a 5 cm ID pipe at the rate of 50

kg/h. After a very long unheated length, the fluid passes through 1 m long
heated section where there is constant heat flux input of 1 kW/m 2.
Calculate the bulk temperature of the liquid leaving the heated section if
the entering temperature is 40°C. Obtain also an upper bound for the pipe
wall temperature at the end of the heated section. Assume the following
properties: ρ = 1500 kg/m, Cp = 1.7 kJ/kg K, k = 0.865 W/m K.

3. Water at a uniform temperature of 20°C flows through a long tube (1

cm dia.) with a velocity of 0.1 m/s. After a fully-developed velocity profile
has been attained, the wall temperature is raised to a constant value of
70°C. Obtain the local value of the heat transfer coefficient after (i) a
distance of 5 cm, and (ii) the temperature profile is also fully-developed.
Use the properties of water at 20°C.

4. Water is heated while flowing through a 1.5 x 3.5 cm rectangular cross-

section tube at a velocity of 1 .2 m/s. The entering temperature of the
water is 40°C and the tube wall is maintained at 85°C. Determine the length
of the tube required for raising the temperature of the water by 30°C.

5. Air at 30°C and at 1 atm pressure flows over a long-heated cylinder (5

cm dia.), whose surface is maintained at 70°C. The direction of the air flow
is at right angles to the axis of the cylinder. Using Hilpert's correlation,
calculate the average heat transfer coefficient if the velocity is (a) 2 m/s;
(b) 20 m/s.

1
6. Air at 20oC and 1 atm flows over a flat plate at 35 m/s. The plate is 75
cm long and is maintained at 60oC. Calculate the heat transfer from the
plate per unit width of the plate. Also calculate the turbulent boundary
layer thickness at the end of the plate assuming it to develop from the
leading edge of the plate. The physical properties of air at 40 oC are: ν =
17.8×10-6 m2/s, k = 0.02723 W/mK, Pr = 0.7 & Cp = 1.007 kJ/kgoC.

7. Air at 2 atm and 20°C flows across a circular cylinder (5 cm diameter)

with a velocity of 16 m/s. The cylinder is maintained at a temperature of
60°C. Calculate the drag force and the heat transfer rate per unit length
of the cylinder.

8. A plate at 90oC is located parallel to an air stream flowing at a speed

of 75 m/s. The temperature of air is 0oC. The plate is 60 cm wide and 45
cm long. Assuming a transition Reynolds number of 4×105 calculate the
average heat transfer and friction coefficients for the laminar and
turbulent region of the plate.

9. Water at 25°C flows across a copper tube 1.5 cm OD with a velocity of

1.6 m/s, Calculate the heat transfer rate per unit length if the tube wall is
maintained at a temperature of 55°C.

10. Air is being heated by blowing it over a bank of 5 rows of tubes, each
row containing 5 tubes of 2.5 cm dia and 1.2 m long. The surface
temperature of the tubes is 108.5oC and 14.5 m3/min of air while passing
over the tubes gets heated from 15oC to 40oC. The tubes are spaced with
their centres at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side equal to two
tube diameters. There is a space of 1.25 cm between the outside tubes and
the duct. Estimate the convective heat transfer coefficient between the
air and the tubes.

11. Air at 1 atmosphere pressure and a temperature of 225°C flows over a

flat plate with a velocity of 6 m/s. The plate is 15 cm wide and is maintained
at a temperature of 75°C. Calculate the thickness of the velocity and
thermal boundary layers and the local heat transfer coefficient at a
distance of 0.5 m from the leading edge. Also calculate the drag force
exerted on the plate and the rate of heat transfer to the plate over a
length of 0.5 m. Assume that there is flow over both sides of the plate.

2
12. Air at 1 atmosphere pressure and 100°C enters a 4 cm dia., 2 m long
tube with a velocity of 9 m/s. A 1 kW electric heater is wound on the outer
surface of the tube. Find (i) the mass flow rate of air; (ii) the exit
temperature of the air, and (iii) the wall temperature at the outlet
assuming uniform heat generation.

13. Liquid mercury flows through a long tube (2.5 cm ID) with a velocity of
1 m/s. Calculate the local heat transfer coefficient for (a) the constant
wall temperature boundary condition, and (b) the constant heat flux
boundary condition. Assume the following properties for mercury: Density
= 12, 870 kg/m3 Specific heat = 134 J/kg K Viscosity = 0.863 x 10-3 N s/m2
Thermal conductivity = 14.0 W/m K

14. Water flows through a tube of 22 mm diameter with a velocity of 2

m/s. Steam at 150oC is being condensed on the outer surface of the tube
thereby raising temperature of water flowing inside the tube from 15oC to
60oC. Find the heat transfer coefficient and the length of the tube
required to meet the above requirement of heat. The resistances of tube
and film may be neglected.

15. Water flowing at the rate of 0.22 kg/s and at a temperature of 50°C
enters a 1.5 x 1.5 cm square tube which is 1 m long. The tube wall is at 90°C.
Calculate the exit water temperature.

16. Water flowing at the rate of 1 m/s at a temperature of 50°C enters a

1.5 cm dia. tube. The wall is at 80°C. Calculate the length of the tube if the
exit water temperature is 60°C, and the pressure drop in the required
length.

17. Water at a uniform temperature of 20°C flows through a long tube (1

cm dia.) with a velocity of 0.1 m/s. After a fully-developed velocity profile
has been attained, the wall temperature is raised to a constant value of
70°C. Obtain the local value of the heat transfer coefficient after (i) a
distance of 5 cm, and (ii) the temperature profile is also fully-developed.
Use the properties of water at 20°C.

3
18. Air at 10oC flows across a bank of tubes 15 rows high and 5 rows deep
at a velocity of 7 m/s measured at a point in the flow before the air enters
the tube bank. The diameter of the tubes is 2.54 cm and they are arranged
in the in-line manner so that the spacing in both the normal and parallel
directions to the flow is 1.5D. Estimate the total heat transfer per unit
length of the tube bank and the exit air temperature if the surface of the
tubes are maintained at 65oC.

19. Water is heated while flowing through a 1.5 x 3.5 cm rectangular cross-
section tube at a velocity of 1.2 m/s. The entering temperature of the
water is 40°C and the tube wall is maintained at 85°C. Determine the length
of the tube required for raising the temperature of the water by 30°C.

20. A plate 20 cm in height and 1 m wide is placed in air at 20 oC. If the

surface of the plate is maintained at 100oC, calculate the boundary layer
thickness and local heat transfer coefficient at 10 cm from the leading
edge. Also calculate the average heat transfer coefficient over the entire
length of the plate.

PART-B : It will be updated

PART-C : It will be updated