Exercise 11.

You will hear a mountain rescue team Leader called Sean McKinley giving a talk on avalanche awareness on a
daily radio show. For questions 7-15, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Gravity is responsible for natural snowslips which are termed (7) ________________.

Natural snowslips can also be produced by seismic events as well as (8) ________________.

Avalanches caused by people account for a (9) ________________ of avalanche-related injuries and deaths.

Powder avalanches only occur around times of (10) ________________ when the wind is moderate or still.

The (11) ________________ process changes the consistency of powder snow once it has been lying for a while.

When the snowpack has (12) ________________ in layers under the surface, an upper layer or layers can break away
and slide, resulting in a stab avalanche.

As well as the intensity of snowfall and the angle of slope, (13) ________________ , which can lead to instabilities in
the snowpack, can also be a very significant contributing factor to avalanches.

A wetter, denser snowpack can result from heavy rain or (14________________ due to rapid temperature increases.
Such conditions may produce wet snow avalanches.

(15) ________________, and large snow-top cornices suggest that there has been a period of heavy winds very recently.

Exercise 12.

You will hear a financial expert called Alexandra Harrow talking about the influence of the mobile phone on the
way people transfer money on a radio show. For questions 7-15, complete the sentences with a word or short
phrase.

M-Pesa is a way of effecting (7) _______________ and making purchases and payments using your mobile phone.

Although some could afford to repay small loans, poor people of Africa were generally ignored by the tra-ditional
banking system because their custom was not viewed as (8) _______________ to worry about.

The idea for M-Pesa was inspired by how Africans had started using (9)_______________ as a form of currency and a
new way of making payments.

The system developed by the DfID and Vodafone was only intended to be used to (10) _______________.

People with relatives in (11) _______________ found the new system very handy for making fund transfers back home
from the big city.

In Kenya, M-Pesa shops now outnumber (12) _______________ dramatically, which demonstrates the significant
influence the new payment system has had there.

Despite its success in parts of Africa, (13) _______________ has really yet to start using mobile money at all.

Mobile money contributes to tackling corruption in traditionally (14) _______________, which is why it has become so
popular.

Mobile money also helps to stop (15) _______________ because it makes it very hard to hide payments and income.
Exercise 13.

You will hear arboriculturist Marcella Im discussing her job on a radio programme. For questions 7-16, complete
the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Im likens her job to that of a (7) _______________ a term which people generally are more familiar with.

lm says her role mainly involves the growing and maintenance of (8) _______________.

In built-up areas, Im says a big task is ensuring that trees exist (9) _______________ with the concrete jungle around
them and its inhabitants.

(10)_______________are what determine whether Im will use modern or traditional equipment on any given job.

Safety issues and convenience are why Im would rather not use (11) _______________ if she can help it.

Im's work frequently involves (12)_______________, whereby leaves and branches are removed from mature trees.

An arboriculturist would be more inclined to be in a (13) _______________ or supervisory position, rather than actually
doing the hands-on work itself like an arborist.

The reason Im wanted to establish her own consultancy was (14) _______________.

Working on the projects associated with (15) _______________ is a far cry from her arborist work which requires the
ability to operate as (16) _______________, something she found most difficult upon setting up her consultancy.

Exercise 14.

For questions 16-25, listen to a radio presenter named Finbarr Baird discussing reports in the news about first-
born children being the smartest siblings and complete the sentences. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
taken from the recording in each blank.

• Baird is not happy with deceptive (16) _______________ appearing in the news this week.

• According to research, the reason for first-borns' superior performance lies in more parental care taken of them, rather
than their (17) _______________.

• Baird suggests it is natural for parents to feel (18) _______________ on the birth of their second child and subsequent
children.

• The research confirmed that first-borns get (19) _______________ in the early days of childhood and this gives them
an advantage, which is evident from as early as one year of age.

• Such advantage is repeatedly manifested in (20) _______________.

• The research accounts for what scientists term (21) _______________, which sees children born later into a family
being more likely to earn and achieve less.

• As a matter of fact, it is only (22) _______________ that is missing for younger siblings at times; the (23)
_______________ they enjoy is more or less the same as that for first-borns.

• The conclusions drawn from the research make sense to Baird as (24) _______________ from parents for each of their
kids is disproportionate to the number of children they have.
• Much as Baird finds the research interesting and useful in confirming our intuitions, he is annoyed by the
(25)_______________, which is why he wants to explain the findings clearly.

Exercise 15.

You will hear part of a radio programme about 'Bollywood', the Indian film industry. For questions 9-17,
complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

All over Bombay there are enormous (9) _______________ advertising films.

In Indian films, the (10) _______________ often changes suddenly.

The films are (11) _______________ both European and Indian filmgoers.

The female stars are beginning to wear (12) _______________ rather than traditional clothing.

A Hollywood-style obsession with body shape means that a lot of people are now going to (13) _______________.

The films often convey (14) _______________, such as a belief in family life.

Some critics argue that the films are superficial, often lacking a recognisable (15) _______________

Recently there has been an (16) _______________ of fresh talent from different backgrounds

All these changes may well serve to keep Bollywood (17) _______________ for the foreseeable future.