ADJECTIVE AND DETERMINERS

Definition: An adjective is a word that modifies or qualifies a noun or a pronoun or comes before
a noun to give some additional information about noun.

Examples:

1- Aslam is honest. Noun & Adjective

2- Abdul is lazy. Noun & Adjective

3- He is brave. Pronoun & Adjective

4- He is lazy. Pronoun & Adjective

5- There are five, new, colourful books on this table. Adjective + Adjective + Adjective + Noun.

There are two types of adjectives.

1- Descriptive Adjective (adjective of quality)

2- Determiner Adjectives (Determiners)

Note: Prefix and Suffix are used to form adjectives.

1- Prefix: A set of letters which are placed before a Root Word is called prefix.

The prefix changes the meaning of the root word.

1- Dis+honest= Dishonest. 2- Dis+like= Dislike. 3- Im+possible= Impossible. 4- Im-mortal=

Immortal

5- Re-collect= Recollect. 6- Re+call= Recall

2- Suffix: A set of letters which are added at the end of a Root Word is called Suffix.

The suffix changes the grammatical form of the Root Word.

1- Cat+s= Cats. 2- Dog+s= Dogs. 3- Box-es= Boxes. 4- Bench+es= Benches 5- Close+d= Closed

6- Arrive+d= Arrived. 7- Eat-en= Eaten. 8- Fall+en= Fallen. 9- Eat+ing= Eating. 10- Think+ing=
Thinking

11- Beautiful+ly= Beautifully. 12- Kind+ly= Kindly

KINDS/TYPES OF ADJECTIVES

1- DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE: Adjective of quality or qualitative adjectives e.g., Good, Bad, Small,
Tall, Beautiful, Yellow, Blue, Indian, Asian, American etc.

E.g., Good+ness= Goodness. Kind+ness= Kindness. Kind+ly= Kindly. Bad+ly= Badly

Indian, Asian, American etc. are called proper adjective. Adjective made from proper nouns are
called proper adjectives
2- DETERMINERS:

Prefix and Suffix are not added with determiners. Note, after them always comes nouns.

E.g., Some, Much, Little, Whole, All, No, Any, Enough, Few, Several etc.

Each, Every, Either, Neither, One, Two, First, Second, This, That, These, Those etc.

1- Quantifiers:

Some, Much, Little, Whole, All, No, Any, Enough, Few, Several, One, Two, First, Second etc.

E.g., I have some rice. (It expresses quantity). I have some mangoes. (It expresses number)

There are two types of Quantifiers.

1- Adjective of Quantity: (Quantitative)

2- Adjective of Number: (Numeral Adjectives)

1- I have some rice. Adjective of quantity.

2- I have some mangoes. Adjective of number. Numeral adjective

Adjective of number (numeral adjective)

One, two, first, second, third etc.

I have one mango. I have two mangoes. You are the first boy. She is the second girl.

Adjectives of number (numeral adjectives)

Cardinal: One, Two, Three, Four etc.

Ordinal: First, Second, Third, Fourth etc.

Distributive adjectives:

E.g., Each, Every, Either, Neither

1- Each book is good. 2- Neither way is easy.

2- Demonstrative Adjective:

The adjective used to point out some person or thing is called a demonstrative adjective.

E.g., This, That, These, Those

1- This pen is mine. 2- That pen is yours.

3- Possessive adjectives:

E.g., My, Our, Your, His, Her, Its, And, their, are called possessive adjectives because they show
possession.

E.g., This is my car. This is his book. This book is his. It is pronoun here.
4- Interrogative adjectives:

E.g., What, Which and Whose are called interrogative adjectives when they are used with nouns
to ask questions.

1- What kind of person is he?

2- Which pen is yours?

3- Whose book is this?

4- Whose is this book? Whose is used here as a pronoun.

5- Exclamatory adjectives:

1- What an idea! 2- What folly!

6- Emphasizing/Emphatic adjective:

E.g., Own, Very, Same etc. are called emphatic adjective when they come with a noun to
emphasize noun.

1- I saw him with my own eyes.

2- This is the very book I wanted.

7- Articles:

A, An and ‘’The’’ are called ‘’articles’’. A noun always comes after them.

E.g., 1- I have a pen. 2- I have an apple. 3- The book is on the table.