Bataan National High School – Senior High School

CAPSTONE (Parts and Guidelines)

Use LETTER size Paper

0.5-inch margin on each side
1.5 Line Spacing on Body Text
Calibri Font 11 for Body Text, Bold for Section Titles
*refer to paper format of BNHS-SHS-ALPAS

Title
The Title should be clear and precise. It has an objective or purpose. It should not be written too long or too
short. By just reading the title, you can determine what the study is all about. Make sure to indicate all your
major variables. (Major variables, Task, Subject)
Example:
Antibacterial efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pyogenic bacteria isolated from a dromedary
camel (Camelus dromedarius) abscess
- italicized words are the major variables, underlined words are the main task/objective,

Rationale
Include a brief synopsis of the background that supports your research problem and explain why this research
is important and if applicable, explain any societal impact of your research. You can also have a brief
description of the experiment,
---- this part should be written in italicized like the Abstract.

*From this section up to the Reference, it shall be formatted into two columns.
Introduction
The introduction contains the background of the study and its rationale. It usually leads to the research
problem.
Guide Questions:
- What is the rationale of the research problem? (Motivation for study from International problem to
personal experience – Inverted pyramid format).
- What is the setting of the research problem? (Geography and Demographic characteristics) Describe
the setting as it relates to the variables being studied.
- What is the literature foundation of the study? This part defines, clarifies the variables being used in
the study, this requires the use of various references.
- What are the other existing studies related to your variables and subject? This part is like the RRL of
the traditional format.
o *Related Theories – state the theory, theorist, theory statement and how is it related to your
study (may or may not be needed depending on your design)
o Related Literature
The Related Literature are statements taken from science books, journals, magazines,
newspapers and any documents from authorized scientists, Science experts or well-known
Science agencies. These statements can support your study through their concepts, theories,
principles and laws.
o Related Studies
The Related Studies are those researches, which may be local and foreign studies that
can attribute to your research or can support your investigation scientifically.
 TIP: The elements included in the literature review are the:
o overview of the subject
o issue or theory under consideration
o division of works under review into categories
o explanation on how each work is similar and how it varies from the others and conclusions

- How serious is the chosen research problem? In this part the researcher must see the intensity and
magnitude of the problem (backed up by statistics ex. 1out 5 SHS students is pregnant) so that the
researcher may take action and work on the problem
- What is the overall purpose of the research problem? General purpose, General benefit.

Objectives of the Study

- What is the general objective of the research problem? This is also the general statement of the
problem.
Research Questions
On this part, specific questions will be written. The Statement of the Problem has two categories namely: the
general problem and specific problems. Usually, one general problem and three specific problems which
derived from the general problem (variables; use the 3 levels of questioning). The research problems should
be specific, reliable, valid, measurable, objectively stated.
LEVEL1 – Factor Isolating (How may wound healing be described in terms of: (subjective evaluation,
planimetry, and histologic evaluation)
LEVEL 2 – Situation Relating (How significantly different is the application of ointment as compared to wound
flushing using Lactated Ringers Solution)
LEVEL 3 – Situation Producing (Based on the findings, what is the best formula and dosage of the ointment?
Note: You can start with Level 2. Depending on your study

Hypothesis/es
The Formulation of the Hypothesis has two types namely: the null hypothesis and affirmative
hypothesis. Hypothesis is a scientific guess, which intends subject for thorough investigation. It is
recommended to use null hypothesis in your research project.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

-----Research Design
The Research Design describes the research mode used.
Guide Questions:
-How do you describe the general methodology you will utilize in your proposed study? References?
- Why did you choose this general methodology?
- What specific methodology will you utilize in your proposed study? References?
- Why did you choose this specific methodology?

----The Subject/Participants of the Study

The Subject of the Study includes your population and the sample. Sometimes, a sample is not human but an
animal, plant or a biological agent. It’s applies the sampling techniques to obtain a good sample of the
study. Your sample should be valid and reliable.
a. Human participants research:
i. Participants: Describe age range, gender, racial/ethnic composition of participants.
Identify vulnerable populations (minors, pregnant women, prisoners, mentally disabled
or economically disadvantaged).
 ii. Recruitment: Where will you find your participants? How will they be invited to
participate?
iii. Methods: What will participants be asked to do? Will you use any surveys,
questionnaires or tests? If yes and not your own, how did you obtain? Did it require
permissions? If so, explain. What is the frequency and length of time involved for each
subject?
iv. Risk Assessment: What are the risks or potential discomforts (physical, psychological,
time involved, social, legal, etc.) to participants? How will you minimize risks? List any
benefits to society or participants.
v. Protection of Privacy: Will identifiable information (e.g., names, telephone numbers,
birth dates, email addresses) be collected? Will data be confidential/anonymous? If
anonymous, describe how the data will be collected. If not anonymous, what
procedures are in place for safeguarding confidentiality? Where will data be stored?
Who will have access to the data? What will you do with the data after the study?
vi. Informed Consent Process: Describe how you will inform participants about the
purpose of the study, what they will be asked to do, that their participation is voluntary,
and they have the right to stop at any time.
b. Other samples.
i. Plants: Describe in detail the origin, where it is collected, and other related information
needed in the study
ii. Potentially hazardous biological agents research:
• Give source of the organism and describe BSL assessment process and BSL
determination.
• Detail safety precautions and discuss methods of disposal.

---The Procedure
The Procedure is the step-by-step and systematic process of doing your research. It includes the materials
with right amount of measurements, formula, the appropriate equipment to be used in doing the scientific
investigation. It consists of several trials with control variables, independent variables and dependent
variables. Gathering of data is essential in any kind of research. It is recommended to use control and
experimental set-ups to arrive at valid conclusion. Detail all procedures, materials and experimental design
including methods for data collection, and when applicable, the source of data used. Describe only your
project. Do not include work done by mentor or others. Please include diagrams and photos if applicable.
Risk and Safety: Identify any potential risks and safety precautions needed.
-Hazardous chemicals, activities & devices:
i. Describe Risk Assessment process, supervision, safety precautions and methods of disposal.
ii. Material Safety Data Sheets are not necessary to submit with paperwork.

*Methods 1,2,3 shall appear according to the chronological order of research questions under Introduction

--- Budget
All the materials needed, agents, procedures, laboratory fees, professional consultation and transportation
shall be listed in a table format in this part. The table shall have columns for Description of Material or Service,
Source/Institution and Estimated Cost.

REFERENCES: APA
https://sspcdn.blob.core.windows.net/files/Documents/SEP/ISEF/2022/Rules/Book.pdf. (2021). Retrieved
from Society for Science: https://www.societyforscience.org/isef/international-rules/