GEN.

EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL

Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

Age Doesn’t Matter: The Lived Experience of Overage Students in General Emilio
Aguinaldo Bailen Integrated School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Practical Research 1

Humanities and Social Sciences

Grade 11 - Rizal

Bersabe, Robin Darrenz V.

Castro, Aeron Angelo E.
Juerta, Anghelo S.
Nombrado, Freddie T. Jr.
Panganiban, Marc Janiel B.
Ridao, Darren M.
Sitao, Jherzon Lee C.
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

INTRODUCTION
Overage students are non-traditional students who are more mature than the

younger students. According to WENR, Senior High School consists of two years of

specialized upper secondary education (Grades 11 and 12, Age 16 to 18). However,

there are some students who surpass the average age for SHS student; they are mostly

called Overaged students.

According to (McGinley, 2006) These students are likely to have self-esteem

issues, behavioral/emotional needs, and a high need for individual attention. A student

retained in multiple grades becomes overage for grade. Studies have indicated that

many students fall behind well before they reach high school and often before they

reach middle school. This decision to retain children was often thought to be a

remediation method for students who did not reach proficiency in the standard skills.

However, early retention has caused disadvantages for children including low

achievement, aggression, and the need for substantial additional services after the

decision to retain has been made (Hong, G., & Yu, B., 2007; Jimerson, 2007).

According to Reed (1998) The impact that overage students may have on the

culture of a regular comprehensive grade school environment have been reported as

negative in terms of their social interactions with peers and disruption of instruction.

(Finnan & Kombe, 2011; Jimmerson, 2001; Roderick, 1994) Teachers believe

they need additional assistance to accommodate students that are two or more years

overage for grade. These students become maladjusted in the traditional schooling
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

environment and experience factors that affect their self-esteem, sense of belonging,

and ambition. When a student becomes older than their peers due to retention,

discouragement and difficulties may cause major disturbances in their motivation to

keep working towards promotion. Furthermore, when a student becomes overage there

is some bearing on their position in social groups as they struggle to identify how and

where to fit in. Students that are comparatively older.

According to Webber (2020) The social and emotional consequences of grade

retention are quite scattered in the literature. Most of the studies on grade retention

provide literature on the adverse effects of retention on a student’s self-perception, and

social emotional coping. Not many studies thoroughly provide evidence that there are

concrete social emotional consequences that go beyond the schooling experience.

The researchers want to know the struggles that they face inside their respective

classrooms. The researchers would like to learn the experiences that they gain on being

a Senior High Student even they’re beyond the average age by using

Phenomenological Approach and interview questions as an instrument.

Studying at those ages might be a bit hard for some, since it will be hard for them

to adapt on the environment they are moving at. This Research study aims to explore

the experiences and struggles that the overaged students at General Emilio Aguinaldo

Bailen Integrated School face in the class.

 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

The Aim of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of this issue and the

impact of it. This will be relevant in GEABIS, since there are some overaged students

who suffer hate and discrimination from other students. The importance will be focusing

on understanding the struggles and the factors that make them cope with it.

Research on the experiences of Overage Senior High School Students is limited,

with most studies focusing on traditional aged students. There is a gap in understanding

how these older students navigate the high school environment, interact with peers and

teachers, and experience academic challenges. Additionally, research is lacking on the

social and emotional support systems available to non-traditional senior high school

students, as well as potential barriers to their success in completing their education.

Continuing research in this area could provide valuable insights into the unique needs

and experiences of older senior high students.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

One on One Interview After the Data

Gathering and
The Lived Experiences The researchers will do
Analyzation of the data,
of Overage Students in a one-on-one interview
the Researchers found
GEABIS to gather the data from
out some of the
the participants.
problems that the
Overage Students face,
as well as the coping
mechanisms they
utilized.
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A theory from the German Psychologist Erik Erikson proposed a theory about the

Psychosocial Development of a person. Tis theory has 8 Stages which are the Trust vs. Mistrust

(Infancy), Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler), Initiative vs. Guilt (preschool), Industry

vs. Inferiority (school-age), Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence), Intimacy vs. Isolation

(young adulthood), Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood), and integrity Vs. Despair

(late adulthood). As shown, the theory states 8 stages and the issue about the Overage Students

can be found in the Fifth Stage which is the Adolescence stage. As stated, it’s about the Identity

vs. Role Confusion, which means that the overage does not only experience discrimination in

their class, hence, they also experience being out of place like they’re not having their own

identity inside their class.

According to Erikson (1968), the main and most important developmental are to solve the

identity versus role confusion crisis, construct their own unique sense to identity, and find the

social environment where they can belong to and create meaningful relationships with other

people (Chen, lay, Wu, & Yao 2007)

The most general and broad concept of identity is proposed by Erikson (1968). He

described identity as a fundamental organizing principle which develops constantly throughout

the lifespan. Identity provides a sense of continuity within the self and in interaction with other

(“self-sameness”), as well as a frame to differentiate between self and others (“uniqueness”)

which allows the individual to function autonomously from other (Erikson, 1968). Moreover,

Erikson’s concept of identity was particularly focused on adolescent’s development. For these
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

reasons identity definition based on Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development was used in

this study.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In this Phenomenological study, the researchers will describe the difficulties of the

Overage Students in General Emilio Aguinaldo Bailen Integrated School. This will also include

the actions that they have taken with the problems they encountered:

1. What are the lived experiences of the overaged senior high school students?

2. What are the difficulties/challenges that they face?

3. What are the coping mechanisms that they have taken to overcome the problems?

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The research study will focus on the experiences of Senior High School Students who are

above the standard age or overage students in their respective classrooms. This study will cover

areas such as the experiences of overage students, the challenges that they usually face and the

coping mechanisms that they used to prevent some of the dilemmas.

This study will be delimiting the inclusion of other strands other than HUMSS. The

reason for this is because HUMSS has the majority of Senior High School Students in the

specified area. Hence, this study will only include the information and the results gathered from

the overage students in the HUMSS area.

 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will give awareness to the experience, challenges, and coping

mechanisms of overage students.

Moreover, the following ones will be the ones who will benefit from the study:

To the Students who are overage for the grade level, this will help them to know how

socialize with their classmates. Not only to improve their communication skills, but it also to

increase self-confidence and well-being.

This will assist the teachers in becoming aware of problems that occur in the classroom.

The school will be able to comprehend the needs, viewpoints and lived experiences of

senior high school students who are older than the initial age better.

Future researchers stand to gain a great deal from this study, as it provides them with

valuable insights into the subject matter and inspires new ideas age better.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Adapt – it is the way students change just to fit in with the younger students.

Coping Mechanism – it is the strategy that the overage students use to overcome the challenges

they face.
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

Discrimination – it is one of the problems that the overage students face in their class.

Overaged - it Is the students who were years apart for the level of their grade.

Retain – it is one of the ways on how the students become overage for the grade level.

They remain on the grade level because they can’t pass the grade.
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This study was a specific one, focusing on the Lived Experiences of Overage

Students. This study also needs more background studies that come from other related

literatures; hence, it will be provided in this chapter.

This chapter of the Research will cover the Related Literatures that can be used

to have a wider background for the topic. The following Related Literatures will cover

citations from other studies that are connected to the topic of this Research Study.

Grade Retention

One of the biggest challenges overage students confront is grade retention, which

research indicates may not be a useful strategy for improving subpar academic

performance (Roderick, 1994). According to Douggan (2014), retention refers to the process

of making sure a student repeats a grade. The extremely strong link between grade

retention and later high school dropout is among the most upsetting effects of the practice

(Powell, 2010). Raising educational standards was frequently achieved using grade

retention. It was assumed that if a student caught up on necessary skills, they would be less

likely to fail when they advance to the following grade (Shepard & Lee, 1990).
GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124
GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The goal of the study, as well as the experiences and challenges faced by the

transfer students, are summarized in Chapter One. Chapter Two offers a review of the

literature that bolsters the significance of the study or the research questions, with a focus

on the variables, difficulties, and adjustments faced by transfer students from private

schools. An outline of the approach will be provided in this chapter. This chapter will cover

the following topics: research design, research setting, subjects/unit of analysis, sampling

technique, and research tool, data collection process, and data analysis.

A. Research Design

The researchers used a phenomenology study approach to analyze the difficulties

faced by transfer students from private schools in GEABIS. Background Interpretative

phenomenological analysis is an approach to qualitative, experiential research that has

been gaining momentum and popularity over the past 10-15 years, according to Pringle,

Henry et al. (2011). The method has psychological underpinnings and acknowledges the

analyst's vital role in comprehending participants' experiences. IPA is a two-step

interpretation procedure in which the investigator aims to analyze the participants'

interpretations of their experiences.

The researchers will use Semi-structured Interview to identify the problems they

experience and the coping mechanisms they utilized to overcome those problems. There

might be some possible barricades throughout this study, such as lack of participants, lack
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

of budget and time for conducting this study and having no connection with the participants.

Moreover, the result of this study can be used by the school officials to provide some

programs that could help the overage students move with ease inside the school.

B. Research Locale

The research will be conducted inside General Emilio Aguinaldo Bailen Integrated

School (GEABIS) in the municipality of General Emilio Aguinaldo, Cavite. The researchers

will conduct the interviews inside the GEABIS after regular classes in a in person interview

setup with interview questionnaires. The researchers would interview the participants to

gather the data/information needed throughout the span of this research study. The

researchers believe that the selected participants would state the needed information within

the interview session.

C. Subject/Unit of Analysis

There will be (10) Participants that will be participating in the interviews. The chosen

participants were 2 or more years older than their fellow classmates. They were chosen as

the participants because they were overage for their current grade level. Not just overage,

but also, they struggle with daily partaking inside their class, making them a good

participant for this study.

D. Sampling Procedure

Purposive sampling is a technique for participant selection in research projects

that entails selecting participants with care using predetermined standards that

correspond with the goals of the study. In this instance, the researchers may have
 GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124

selected individuals who were overage for their present grade, having to deal with hate

and identity loss in their class. The Participants who had been impacted would supply

the study with the most relevant data.by the experiences that have been imparted. The

reason the researchers choose them is that this is very beneficial when they need to

attain a particular sample; they ought to select individuals who are able to offer

comprehensive information.
GEN. EMILIO AGUINALDO-BAILEN INTEGRATED SCHOOL
Lirio St. Castaños Cerca, Gen. E. Aguinaldo, Cavite 4124