 Observation ( ):-

(Atom)
(i) -
 (Dalton's Atomic Model) 1803
(ii) -
(i)
(iii) -
(ii)
180
(iii)
(iv) -

(iv)  Relation between number of - particle & angle of deviation is

1
 (Thomson's Atomic Model) N
sin 2
4

(i) 1897
(1904)  Conclusion ( ):-
(ii) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iii)

(iv) -
Plum Pudding Model
(iv)
 (Rutherford's Atomic Model)
(v)
(i) 10–10 m
(vi) 10–10 m (ii)
(vi) 10–14 m

 (iii)
(Failure of Thomson's Atomic Model)
 - (iv)

 (- )  (Impact Parameter)
[Rutherford's Gold Foil (-Scattering ) Experiment] -


(Failure of Rutherford's Atomic model )
(i)

 -


(2.1 × 10–7 m) (ii) :-
-

 - Hydrogen Spectra

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 (Bohr's Atomic Model) 
(i)

(ii) (i)

(ii)
(iii)
h 2  Unique
(iv)  (Hydrogen Spectrum)

(excited
(Balmer) 1885
state) 10–8
H
(transition)

(balmer series)
E2 E1
1885
E2 – E1 = hv
v (frequency)
–13.6 Z2
* eV Z= 1  1 1 
n2  R 2 – 2  n = 3, 4, 5, .........)
 2 n 
n=
R (Rydberg constant)
Q. 1.097 × 107 –1

e– r
1 1 1 
V = Ze e–  R 2  2  ( n  2,3, 4,........) UV
 1 n 
m e
1  1 1 
  R 2  2  ( n  3, 4,5,........)
 2 n 
1 1 1 
 R 2  2  ( n  4,5, 6,........)
 3 n 
1  1 1 
 R 2  2  ( n  5, 6, 7,........)
mv 2 1  ( Ze)  e   4 n 
 ________ (i)
r 4πε 0  r 2  1  1 1 
 R 2  2  ( n  6, 7,8,........)
 5 n 

(i) H, He+, Li2+
 h 
mvr  n   _______ (ii)
 2π 
(ii) (i) (ii)

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

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